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Gospel and Life of Jesus … and related topics
Copyright 2025, 2026 by Greg Clements This document must not be distributed to others. Only Greg Clements can provide this document to others. I still have to proofread the document, and I may do more typing in the Gospel of Matthew.
Started Dec 1, 2025 last edit Sep24, 2026 with edits from Pam Clements! (about 173 pages, so don’t print it)
CAUTION….This document is a mixture of 1) my report of activities, background, theology, etc. based on the Bible passages, 2) my paraphrase of the Bible verses, 3) the text from NET and ESV (see reference sources below), 4) information from footnotes of the NET and ESV, and the comments found in NBC, QUEST, and VINES (see reference sources below), and 5) my comments on the verses, and information (geographic) I found via Google searches. This document is not my attempt to make a translation of the Bible. It is very important that you read a good translation of the Bible yourself and that you don’t just rely on this document as your primary source of Bible truths. Be aware that for some passages I wrote comments by 1) using my knowledge and belief that Jesus: is God, is the “Son” of God, actually lived on Earth, willingly died as the sacrifice for the sins of people, rose from the dead and resides in heaven...and 2) using the message of the whole New Testament. Another caution… I have no formal training in Bible study or theology. My wife and I have attended churches that teach and preach from the Bible since about 1975 and I am thankful for the faithful pastors and teachers who have ministered to us in church services. Some of my comments may be in error and I regret that those errors may be present in this document. You should pray that God will reveal truth to you as you read your Bible, and discuss your questions with a Bible-believing pastor or friend. Another caution….spelling and the correct use of English grammar are some of my weak areas. Be on guard for my incorrect spellings and misuse of English grammar.
My Background: I repented of sins and asked Jesus to forgive me in September 1973 after attending a meeting of Campus Crusade (now CRU) on the U. of Iowa campus. My soon-to-be-wife spiritually influenced me before and after that Campus Crusade meeting. As of 2026 we have been married for 52 years. I taught various Sunday School classes and created class handouts from about 1980 to 2013. In 2018 I increased my typing of documents on various Bible topics. In 2020 I got an extra motivation to type documents on Bible topics when I found a copy of the salvation testimony of Sarah Jane (Barnett) Clements, written in 1860 when she was 20 years old. Sarah is my great-great-grandmother. A relative of mine had scanned her letter. I don’t have the original letter. A copy of her letter and my transcription of her hand writing are in the computer folder that has my documents on Bible topics. My motivation is to leave a spiritual legacy for my children, my grandchildren, and their descendants. I pray that their faith in Jesus will be strengthened.
Some of the Bible studies I create are posted on www.gpclements.com . These Bible studies are also on the four backup drives that I use on a rotating basis (Folder: Bible Studies 2018 and later).
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Topics: I started this project with the primary goal for this document to 1) write my comments on: What is “the Gospel,” the Good News? But, I found that I expanded the task to include comments on verses that: 2) include the word “kingdom.”; 3) describe Jesus’ eternal life (before creation and after His resurrection from the dead); 4) describe Jesus’ life on Earth; 5) describe Jesus’ ministry on Earth; 6) describe how the gospel spread after Jesus left Earth.
There is a small discussion on why the first four books of the New Testament are known as “The Gospels.”
Major Note --- at the start of this project, in Matthew, I commented on isolated passages and verses. Somewhere in the Gospel of Mark I started commenting paragraph by paragraph instead of isolated verses. There are some portions of the New Testament that have verses that don’t directly relate to the goals of this project. For these cases I often just put “Skip” after the verses reference. For some cases I summarized the paragraph, did not put any (glc#) label (see explanation below) in front of the paragraph to label its topic, and then put the word “Skip” after the paragraph.
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References that I used in this document are listed below.
NET (NET) Bible. THE NET BIBLE, NEW ENGLISH TRANSLATION, COPYRIGHT © 1996 BY BIBLICAL STUDIES PRESS, L.L.C. This Bible is a free download from www.bible.org. The First edition without notes is free from https://netbible.com/download. The second edition with notes is $4.95 download as of 2018. The NET 2nd edition can be read online for no cost at https://netbible.org/bible/Romans+1 (starts at Romans Chapter 1).
NET online: There is a version of NET at biblegateway.com. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=acts%2020%3A24&version=NET
(ESV) ESV Study Bible 2007 Crossway Bibles
(NBC) The New Bible Commentary, Revised copyright 1970, 1971 printing
(NBD) The New Bible Dictionary 1973 printing Eerdmans Publishing Co.
(QUEST) The Quest Study Bible 1983 Zondervan
(VINES) Vine’s Complete Expository Dictionary 1996
(glc) My initials in parentheses are thoughts from Greg Clements … I put this (glc) in this document to emphasize that the text that follows are my thoughts. I tried to reference the material I pulled from other sources (Morris, NET, ESV, etc).
=================== help for searching for subtopics ==============
Starting in Feb 2026 I used the labels glc# in front of the comments for the verses, where # is a number (described below), to label the topic for sections of this document. In a word processor you can perform a search for a particular label…. e.g. To find paragraphs that relate to the “gospel” topic: Hold down the CTRL key and press the F key to initiate a search box; then type glc1 in the search box and press the Enter key. Press the Enter key again (or click on the direction arrow by the search box), to move to the next occurrence of glc1 in the document.
I trust that I did not mistype the number after “glc” for a paragraph label.
glc1 -- the gospel message (also “good news”) that Jesus sacrifice paid the penalty for your sins; repent and ask Jesus to forgive your sins to receive forgiveness for sins and to receive eternal life in heaven
glc2 – the kingdom of God or the kingdom of Heaven (how to enter it, description of it, etc.) As I read through Matthew I realized that I should include verses in this document that refer to “the kingdom of God” and “kingdom of heaven.”
glc3 – Jesus’ heavenly and eternal background and connections
glc4 – Jesus’ earthly background and life
glc5 – Jesus’ ministry on Earth ; His teachings
glc6 – How the gospel was spread or taught. The glc6 label was used in this document starting in the book of Acts.
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Steps I used in writing this document:
1) I read (VINES) Vine’s Complete Expository Dictionary 1996 article on the New Testament word “gospel.”
2) I read (NBD) The New Bible Dictionary 1973 printing article on the New Testament word “gospel.” I summarized the NBD article on the “kingdom of God.”
3) I used biblegateway.com, NET version, to find the single verses listed in steps 1 and 2. I did searches on biblegateway.com for the phrases “good news” and “word of God.” But, I ended up not limiting my paragraph comments to these verse searches. I decided to read through the New Testament (Mathew – Revelation) looking for passages that discuss the gospel, kingdom of God, Jesus’ eternal life before and after living on Earth, Jesus’ life on Earth, Jesus’ ministry on Earth, and spreading the gospel. You should not be surprised that this document has my report/comments on most of the New Testament.
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1. “Gospel” entry in Vine’s Complete Expository Dictionary 1996
I have not put the glc1 glc2 glc3 etc. markers in this section. The verses are mostly the verses from the Vine’s dictionary. I have also put verses from the NET into this document.
(VINES pages 275-276) Greek word: euangelion “the good news” “good message”
>>>>>>>>> I. As a Noun
>>>‘ “good tidings” of the kingdom of God and of salvation through Christ, to be received by faith…...’, e.g., Acts 15:7;20:24; 1 Peter 4:17.’
>>>“This word is used in Matthew, Mark, Revelation 14:6, and in the epistles of Paul. “
>>>>“ ‘gospel’ of God, Mark 1:14; Romans 1:1 15:16; 2 Cor 11:7; 1 Thess 2:2, 9; 1 Peter 4:127; God concerning His Son, Romans 1:1-3; His Son, Romans 1:9; Jesus Christ, the Son of God, Mark 1:1; our Lord Jesus, 2 Thessalonians 1:8; Christ, Romans 15:19, etc.; the glory of Christ, 2 Cor 4:4; the race of God, Acts 20:24; the glory of the blessed God, 1 Timothy 1:11; your salvation, Ephesians 1:13; peace, Ephesians 6:15. “ ”
>>>>God concerning His Son, Romans 1:1-3; His Son, Romans 1:9; Jesus Christ, the Son of God, Mark 1:1; our Lord Jesus, 2 Thessalonians 1:8; Christ, Romans 15:19, etc.; the glory of Christ, 2 Cor 4:4; the grace of God, Acts 20:24; the glory of the blessed God, 1 Timothy 1:11; your salvation, Ephesians 1:13; peace, Ephesians 6:15. “ ”
>>>>“Also ‘the gospel of the Kingdom,’ “ Matt 4:23; 9:35;24:14;
>>>>>>>>>>> II. As a Verb euangelizo to bring or announce glad tidings (English, evangelize Rev 10:7
>>>>to proclaim Rev 14:6 ; matters to be proclaimed as ‘glad tidings’ Luke 16:16 >>>>the message of salvation Acts 5:42; 11:20; Galatians 1:16; declare glad tidings Romans 12:15; Gal 1:8 Acts 8:4 ; Gal 1:8 ; good tidings ; the faith Galatians 1:23 ; peace Ephesians 2:17 ; the unsearchable riches of Christ Ephesians 3:8
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2. Gospel entry in (NBD) The New Bible Dictionary 1973 printing
Greek word: euangelion, ‘good news’ “found more than 75 times in New Testament:
”The gospel is the good news that God in Jesus Christ has fulfilled His promises to Israel, and that a way of salvation has been opened to all”
“”The gospel … is the fulfillment of the Old Testament promises (Matthew 11:2-5). Jesus Himself saw in the prophecies of Isaiah a description of His own ministry (Luke 4:16-21).
Matt 11:2-5 “ the poor have good news proclaimed to them” (NET)
Luke 4:16-21 “16 Now Jesus came to Nazareth, where he had been brought up, and went into the synagogue on the Sabbath day, as was his custom. He stood up to read, 17 and the scroll of the prophet Isaiah was given to him. He unrolled the scroll and found the place where it was written, 18 “The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he has anointed me to proclaim good news to the poor. He has sent me to proclaim release to the captives and the regaining of sight to the blind, to set free those who are oppressed, 19 to proclaim the year of the Lord’s favor.” 20 Then he rolled up the scroll, gave it back to the attendant, and sat down. The eyes of everyone in the synagogue were fixed on him. 21 Then he began to tell them, “Today this scripture has been fulfilled even as you heard it being read.” “ (NET)
>>>“The use of ‘Gospels’ as a designation of the first four books of the New Testament “ occurred in the “2nd Century AD.”
>>>“outline of the basic facts of the missionary preaching is given by Paul in 1 Corinthians 15:3 ff – ‘that Christ died for our sins according to the scriptures; and that he was buried, and that he rose again the third day according to the scriptures; and that he was seen’ by a large number of eye-witnesses, some of whom are named, and most of whom were still alive when Paul was writing. “
1 Corinthians 15:11 the basic facts of the message were the same for Paul and the original apostles
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The NBD has a long article on the kingdom of God. Here is my summary of the article;
kingdom of God ...Jews of Jesus time were hoping for a political kingdom to restore Israel’s fortunes and “liberate them from the power of their enemies.” Psalms and OT prophets put forth the concept of a future where “God’s royal sovereignty” was evident. John the Baptist’s preaching announced God’s coming judgment. John called on people to repent of their sins, to be baptized with water, and prepare to participate in the “salvation of the kingdom and the baptism with the Holy Spirit.” “Jesus’ proclamation of the kingdom”...”retains without qualification the announcement of judgment and the call to repentance”...”the saving significance of the kingdom” is emphasized more. Jesus announced that the kingdom was “a reality that was already present, manifested in his own person and ministry .” ‘This present aspect of the kingdom manifests itself in all sorts of ways in the person and deeds of Christ.” ...casting out of demons; Jesus’ miraculous powers...Jesus answered the questions of John’s disciples by showing them the miracles that fulfilled prophecy. “Since salvation is announced and offered as a gift already available to the poor in spirit (glc...humble), the hungry (glc...seeking God), and the mourners (glc..those sorry for sins and repenting),, the kingdom is theirs.” (Mark 2:1-12 ...your sins are forgiven; for the Son of Man has power on Earth to forgive sins) The kingdom has come in Jesus and with Jesus. Messiah, Son of Man, Servant of God is the mystery of the gospel. Jesus was affirmed and announced at his baptism and at his transfiguration. Jesus came to fulfill prophecy (Matthew 5:17ff); to announce the kingdom (Mark 1:28); to seek and save the lost (Luke 14:10); to serve and give his live as payment for the sins of others (Mark 10:45). To belong to the kingdom you must belong to Jesus (Matthew 7:23; 25:41). There is a future aspect to the kingdom when evil is put away into Hell. After Jesus taught on Earth the kingdom came “by the way of the cross.” The kingdom is proclaimed to the world and grows in ways that are a mystery to humans. There is a connection between the kingdom and the church but they are not identical. “The church is the assembly of those who belong to Jesus Christ….who have accepted the gospel of the kingdom in faith...”
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Why are the first four books of the New Testament known as “The Gospels?”
(NBD) “The use of ‘Gospels’ as a designation of the first four books of the New Testament “ occurred in the “2nd Century AD.”
(glc) The first four books of the New Testament focus on Jesus life and his teachings of good spiritual news. These books proclaim the good news of Jesus coming to Earth, being obedient to God the Father, being the sacrifice for our sins, and being raised from the dead as an affirmation of who he is and of his teaching.
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3. Now begins my comments on passages in the New Testament.
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Gospel of MATTHEW
(ESV…”The earliest traditions of the church are unanimous in attributing the first Gospel to Matthew.” “...second century in the writings of Papias, bishop of Hierapolis in Asia Minor (c. A.D. 135) and Irenaeus, bishop of Lyons in Gaul (c. 175).” “In light of Irenaeus’ assertion (c. A.D. 175) that Matthew composed his Gospel while Peter and Paul were still living,...,it is traditionally dated to the late 50s or 60s.”)
(QUEST…”Matthew possibly wrote this book in the A.D. 70s (though some believe he may have written it in the 50s or 60s), primarily for Jewish readers. He offered a persuasive account of the Good News of Jesus, citing Old Testament evidence that supported the claims believers had been making about Jesus.”)
(glc4 glc3) Matthew Chapter 1 – genealogy for Jesus – Jesus birth 1:23 “Emmanuel, God with us” from Isaiah 7:14; 8:8; 8:10
(glc3 glc4) Matthew Chapter 2 – Wise men seek Jesus – v2 “born king of the Jews” – v6 “Bethlehem ...out of you will come a ruler who will shepherd my people Israel” (Micah 5:2) – v15 “I called my son out of Egypt.” (Hosea 11:1) v23 prophecy – Jesus would be called a “Nazarene” (there is no specific OT reference...NET says it may have been a contemporary term of scorn)
(glc2 glc3 glc4) Matthew Chapter 3 v2 John the Baptist declared that the “kingdom of heaven is near” – referring to Jesus’ ministry I believe. V11 “the one coming after me is more powerful … He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and fire.’ (not just with water like John did) v12 “he ...will gather his wheat into the storehouse” – Jesus made it possible for people to be in heaven. V17 A voice from heaven said “This is my one dear Son…” - Jesus is the Son of God – a phrase that carries the meaning of being part of the Trinity .
(glc2 glc4 glc5) Matthew Chapter 4 – Satan tempts Jesus and proposes tests to prove that Jesus is the Son of God. Jesus answers the temptation with quotes from scripture. V13,14 Jesus moves to Capernaum to fulfill prophecy found in Isaiah 9:1. v17 Jesus preached the message “Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is near!” v19 Jesus called the disciples to be “fishers of people.”
(glc2 glc5) Matt 4:23 “23 Jesus went throughout all of Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, preaching the gospel of the kingdom, and healing every kind of disease and sickness among the people.” (NET)
(glc2 glc3 glc5) Matthew 5 “The Beatitudes” are Jesus teaching about what is important in life in God’s eyes. Matthew 5:3 The kingdom of heaven belongs to those poor in spirit. (NET note – to the pious poor). V10 The kingdom of heaven belongs to those who are persecuted for righteousness, for aligning themselves with God in thought and action. Matthew 5:16 Do good deeds that lead others to give honor to God the Father in heaven. Matthew 5:17 Jesus came to fulfill the Old Testament law and messages of the Old Testament prophets. V19 Those who obey the OT commands and teach others to obey will be called great in the kingdom of heaven. Matt 5:20 To enter the kingdom of heaven, have a righteousness that goes beyond merely following a religious system of directions on behavior. That righteousness comes from believing in Jesus (life, death to pay the penalty for our sins, resurrection) and asking for his forgiveness. Matt 5:21ff Your thought life and attitude is as important as your actions.
(glc2 glc5) Matt 6:1ff Do your good works without looking for recognition from people. God the Father gives the reward. V9f Jesus’ teaching on a model for prayer: honor God, pray for God’s kingdom to come (NET note – for full manifestation of God’s rule, for His will to be done, recognize your dependence on God for the needs of life, ask for forgiveness, ask for protection from evil. V25ff God knows your earthly needs. Focus on God’s kingdom and his righteousness and you will have enough earthly goods. V33 Your most important activity is to pursue God’s kingdom and righteousness. (glc) Ephesians 2:9,10 We are saved by our faith in Jesus, not by doing good works. But, in Christ, we can do the good works God wants us to do.
(glc5) Matt 7: V13ff Don’t just follow the popular way of living. Put forth effort to seek out and follow God’s ways of thinking and living. V21ff Your simple vocal proclamation or request to Jesus will not get you to heaven. Do God’s will and obey God’s directions for you. V24ff You are wise and will be secure if you do what Jesus says.
(glc2 glc3 glc5) Matt 8:5-13 The centurion had faith that Jesus could “say the word” and his servant would be healed. Jesus acknowledges his faith and says that many from the east and west will join in the heavenly banquet (NET note – “dine in style”) with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob in the kingdom of heaven, but those who were born into the Jewish community will be thrown out. (NET note – excluded from God’s promise) V22 Follow Jesus and make him your priority.
(glc3 glc5)Matt 9:2-8 Jesus, on Earth, had authority to forgive sins. (Jesus continues to intercede for us.)
(glc3 glc5) Matt 9:13 Jesus came to Earth to call sinners, not to call those who are self-righteous.
(glc2 glc5) Matt 9:35 “35 Then Jesus went throughout all the towns and villages, teaching in their synagogues, preaching the good news of the kingdom, and healing every kind of disease and sickness.” (NET) Just before this passage, Jesus had raised a dead girl to life, healed two blind men, and cast out a demon from a man.
(glc2 glc4 glc5) Matt 10:1 – 15 Jesus sends out the twelve to preach the message “The kingdom of heaven is near,” to heal, raise the dead, cast out demons. If people would not listen to the message they were to shake the dust of the town from their feet as they left as a sign of future judgment against those people.
(glc3 glc5) Matt 10:22 People will show hate towards Jesus’ messengers, but those who remain faithful will be saved. V28 Don’t fear people, have a reverent fear of God who can destroy the body and soul in hell. v29,30 God is aware of small activities of even birds. You are more valuable to God than birds. V32 Those who have allegiance to Jesus and are not constrained by the judgment of people will be acknowledged before God in heaven by Jesus. But those who disassociate from Jesus because of people’s views will be disassociated by Jesus before God in heaven. V34 – 39 There will be family conflicts because some will trust in Jesus. You must put Jesus first and above duty to family. Whoever loses his life because of their trust in Jesus will find true life.
(glc5) Matt 10:40-42 Those who help and honor those who are spreading Jesus’ message will be helping and honoring Jesus, and will receive a reward.
(glc5) Matt 11:1 Jesus taught and preached.
(glc5) Matt 11:5 “The blind see, the lame walk, lepers are cleansed, the deaf hear, the dead are raised, and the poor have good news proclaimed to them” (NET)
(glc2 glc5) Matt 11:11 No person had been more spiritually approved than John the Baptist, but anyone in the kingdom of heaven is more spiritually approved than him.
(glc3 glc5) Matt 11:25 – 30 No one knows Jesus, the Son of God, except God the Father, and no one knows God the Father except Jesus, the Son of God, and those to whom Jesus decides to reveal him. You will find rest for your souls in Jesus.
(glc5) Matt 12:17-21 Jesus fulfilled the prophecy found in Isaiah 42:1-4 that Jesus would “proclaim justice to the nations,” … “and in his name the Gentiles will hope.”
(glc2 glc5) Matt 12:28 Jesus cast out demons by the Spirit of God and God’s power and authority is revealed by Jesus. Jesus had shown his power in the kingdom of God.
(glc3 glc5) Matt 12:41,42 The people of Nineveh repented when Jonah preached to them and Jesus is greater than Jonah. The queen of the South (1 Kings 10:1-3; 2 Chronicles 9:1-12) came to hear wisdom from Solomon and Jesus is greater than Solomon.
(glc4) Matt 12:50 Those who do God’s will are Jesus’ family
(glc2 glc5) Matt 13:18-23 Jesus explains the parable of the sower to the disciples. Those who don’t understand the message have the message stolen by Satan. So, we should help people understand the message about the kingdom while it is still in their hearts. When you read something in the Bible that you don’t understand, ask God for help in understanding. If you don’t seek God’s answers the message becomes unfruitful. Those who briefly join Christianity without making the kingdom truths part of their life risk falling away when persecution comes to them (as it will). Those who hear the gospel message but put more value in things of the world cut off the growth of the word in their lives. They don’t keep close to God and don’t give true spiritual help to others. Some will hear the message, understand it, and thus produce good results that will increase the message to the world.
(glc2 glc5) Matt 13:24-30 and 36-43 Jesus explains the parable of the field with weeds to the disciples. Jesus planted good seed (had faithful people) in the world. The kingdom of heaven on Earth has unfaithful people (the devil’s people) mixed in with faithful people. When Jesus returns angels will be sent to gather everything that causes sin and all the lawbreakers (unfaithful) and throw them into hell. The faithful, those who clothe themselves with Christ’s righteousness will shine like the sun in the kingdom of God the Father. Pay attention to this parable.
(glc2 glc5) Matt 13:31-32 Jesus explained that the kingdom of heaven started small but grows and provides a home for people.
(glc2 glc5) Matt 13:33 Jesus explained that the kingdom of heaven will spread throughout the world.
(glc2) Matt 13:44 – 52 Having the kingdom of heaven (by putting your faith in Jesus’ sacrifice for your sins) is more valuable than all your worldly possessions. There are righteous (they have faith in Jesus) and evil (unfaithful people) mixed together in the kingdom of heaven on Earth. Angels will separate them at the end of the age. Jesus is talking to the disciples. (glc… The gospel message of the New Covenant through Jesus fulfills and explains the Old Covenants.)
(glc4 glc5) Matt 14:14 Jesus saw the crowd with their needs. He had compassion for them and healed the sick. Part of the gospel message is that Jesus cares for people and will help them.
(glc3 glc5) Matt 14:19-21 Jesus feeds 5,000 mean and an uncounted number of women and children with 5 loaves of bread and two fish. Part of the gospel message is that Jesus has the capability to help people.
(glc4 glc5) Matt 14:28 – 33 Peter had faith to obey Jesus’ command to walk on the water. Peter got distracted by the storm and became afraid. Jesus reached out his hand and kept Peter from sinking. Jesus scolded him by saying he had little faith and should not have doubted. When Jesus got into the boat the wind ceased and those in the boat worshiped Jesus, calling him the Son of God. Part of the gospel message is that having faith in Jesus helps you do normally impossible actions. Part of the gospel message is to keep your faith strong. Part of the gospel message is that Jesus is the Son of God.
(glc5) Matt 15 :1 – 9 Part of the gospel message is that God’s commands are more important than religious traditions. Jesus says Isaiah was correct when Isaiah prophesied that people give lip service to God but do not have a commitment to God, so their uncommitted worship has no value and no benefit.
(glc5) Matt 15:10 – 20 Part of the gospel message is that the things not based on God will be tossed away. Don’t give your allegiance to, or take instruction from, people who are not following God. Part of the gospel message is that you are defiled (made unclean in God’s sight) by your bad attitudes and unholy words. These even lead to evil plans, murder, adultery, sexual immorality, theft, false testimony, and slander. This list reminds me of the warnings/commands of the 10 commandments.
(glc3 glc4 glc5) Matt 15:21 – 28 The Canaanite woman earnestly seeks Jesus’ help to free her daughter from demons. Jesus does not quickly give his help but the women shows her faith in Jesus by persisting with her request. Jesus grants her request and the daughter was healed at that time. Part of the gospel message is that we should keep our faith in Jesus strong and effective. Jesus has the authority to perform miracles from a distance. I believe there are many faith-filled prayers that come to Jesus where He chooses to not give an immediate response.
(glc3 glc5) Matt 15:29-31 Jesus healed different types of afflictions and the people praised God. (perhaps “praised the God of Israel” indicates non-Jewish people were receiving Jesus’ help and coming to have a deeper commitment to God.)
(glc3 glc4 glc5) Matt 15:32-39 Jesus had compassion and concern for the hungry people who were seeking to be with him instead of going to their homes for food. Again, Jesus feeds a multitude (4,000 men plus women and children) with limited human resources (seven loaves and a few fish). The people were satisfied from their hunger. Jesus helped them.
(glc3 glc5) Matt 16:13-20 Peter answers Jesus’ question about who they say Jesus is: “ You are the Christ (NET note - one who has been anointed … Matt 1:16 the one who has been hoped for), the Son of the living God.” This was revealed to Peter by God the Father in heaven, Jesus’ Father. Jesus tells the disciples not to tell others that he is the Christ. There was an appropriate time in the future to tell others.
(glc3 glc4 glc5) Matt 17:1-6 Jesus took Peter, James, John up on a high mountain. Jesus was transfigured (face shining like the sun, white clothes) and Moses and Elijah talked to Jesus. A voice from the cloud tells the disciples that Jesus is his Son, in whom He took great delight. Listen to Him.
(glc2 glc5) Matt 18:4,5 Those who humble themselves like a little child are great in the kingdom of heaven. And whoever welcomes a humble child in Jesus’ name welcomes Jesus.
(glc2 glc5) Matt 18:23 The kingdom of heaven is like the situation where a king wanted to settle accounts with his servants. A certain man owed him a large amount but begged for mercy. The king forgave the debt. The same man would not forgive the person who owed him a small amount. The king put the first man in prison. God the Father will do this to you if you do not forgive others.
(glc2 glc5) Matt 19:13-14 The disciples hindered people who were bringing little children to Jesus. Jesus said that the kingdom of heaven belongs to those who are like little children.
(glc2 glc5) Matt 19:16-22 Someone asked Jesus what good thing could he do to gain eternal life. The person claimed to have obeyed the commandments to not murder, not commit adultery, not to steal, not to lie, to honor father and mother, and to love his neighbor as himself. The man said he obeyed all these commandments but wondered what he still needed to do. Jesus said that if he wanted to be perfect he should sell his possessions and give the money to the poor so he would have treasure in heaven. Then he should follow Jesus. The man went away in sorrow for he was very rich.
(glc2 glc5) Matt 19:23 – 30 Jesus says it is hard for a rich person to enter the kingdom of heaven. The rich are distracted by earthly things. Jesus teaches that it is impossible for humans to achieve heaven but with God all things are possible. Those who have put aside earthly distractions for Jesus sake will receive something of more value and will inherit eternal life.
(glc2 glc5) Matt 20:1 – 16 Workers in the Vineyard The kingdom of heaven has some similarities to the landowner who hires workers. Those who work first agree to the standard wage. The workers who are hired late in the day receive the same wage as those who work all day. Those who work all day but don’t receive more in wages are upset with the amount of pay (But it is the agreed amount). The landowner is free to make the decision on pay. Those who worked all day should not be envious of those who only worked a short time. … People have been welcomed into the kingdom of God at various times in the past...especially non-Jews since the time of Jesus. People are welcomed into the kingdom of God at various ages of life.
(glc2) Matt 21:28-32 Those who are “sinners” but repented and believed the message from John the Baptist entered the kingdom of heaven.
(glc2 glc5) Matt 21:42,43 Jesus was not accepted by the religious leaders. This led to the kingdom of God being taken from them and given to people who will be obedient to the kingdom and faithful in exhibiting the characteristics of the kingdom.
(glc2 glc5) Matt 22:1 – 14 The kingdom of heaven is similar to the situation where a king gave a wedding banquet for his son but those who had been invited would not come. Some made excuses and were distracted by their daily activities. Some mistreated the servants of the king. Those who refused the invitation were punished. (glc…the parable is speaking about prophets in the OT being mistreated and ignored) The king sent his servants to bring good and bad people into the wedding feast. A person who did not come with the proper clothing was thrown out. (glc…we are accepted by God if we are clothed in the righteousness of Jesus ….have accepted Jesus’ sacrifice for our sins) Many are called but few are chosen. (glc…the gospel has gone out to the world, but not all believe)
(glc5) Matt 23:1-12 Listen and follow through when religious leaders teach obeying God’s ways. Be alert to those leaders who do not act in godly ways and who make the lives of people difficult. Don’t seek recognition and honor for being good. Don’t seek to be revered as a teacher, we all have one teacher, Jesus Christ. Be a servant of others and be humble.
(glc2 glc5) Matt 23:13 Jesus pronounced a woe on the religious leaders who prevented people from entering the kingdom of heaven. The religious leaders did not enter the kingdom of heaven. (unsure if I got this list of woes from NET...Woes … actions that don’t satisfy God...not practicing what you teach...not helping people...doing deeds to be seen by people….wanting people to show them deference)
(glc5) Matt 23:23 Don’t just fulfill religious requirements, justice, mercy, and faithfulness are important.
(glc5) Matt 23:25 Clean out greed and self-indulgence.
(glc5) Matt 23:28 Don’t try to look good on the outside while you have hypocrisy and lawlessness on the inside.
(glc3 glc5) Matt 23:37-39 Jesus longed to gather people to himself but the religious leaders hindered him. Jesus was going to be less visible to them until people say “Blessed is the one who comes in the name of the Lord!”
(glc5) Matt 24:5-8 Many people will claim to be Christ and will mislead many. Wars, famines, and earthquakes will be just the beginning of the end.
(glc2 glc5) Matt 24:9 – 14 Jesus’ followers will be persecuted, hated, and killed because they align themselves with Jesus. Many will be led into sin and betray each other. False prophets will deceive many. People will lose their commitment to Jesus but those who stay faithful will be saved. Matt 24:14 “14 And this gospel of the kingdom will be preached throughout the whole inhabited earth as a testimony to all the nations, and then the end will come.” (NET)
(glc3 glc5) Matt 24:24-27 False messiahs and false prophets will appear and perform wonders to deceive, if possible, those selected by Jesus. Remember that Jesus warned you to not look for false claims that Jesus has returned.
(glc3 glc5) Matt 24:29-31 Immediately after the days of suffering there will be signs in the heavens, dark sun, dark moon, shooting stars, turbulence. Then the sign of the Son of Man will appear in the sky. (NET... New heavens, new earth Rev 21:1 Daniel 7:13,14 Rev 19:11-16, 2 Thess 1:7-20 Acts 1:11) Angels will arrive with a loud trumpet blast and gather Jesus’ elect.
(glc3 glc5) Matt 24:35 The sky and the earth will pass away, but Jesus’ words will never pass away.
(glc3 glc5) Matt 24:36-41 Only God the Father knows what year, day, time the end will come. People will be carrying on with their normal activities when the end comes. Of those working near each other, one will be taken and one will be left behind.
(glc3 glc5) Matt 24:42-44 Keep alert and ready every day. Jesus will return at a time when you don’t expect him.
(glc2 glc3 glc5) Matt 24:43-51 The faithful and wise servant is the one who does the master’s work. This person will receive a reward. Those servants who think too much of themselves and don’t think about the master’s return will be punished along with the hypocrites (outside of the kingdom of God).
(glc2 glc5) Matt 25:1-13 Parable: The kingdom of heaven will be like 10 people who fell asleep waiting for the guest of honor. The guest did not come at the expected time and only five were prepared with extra oil for their lamps. When the guest came only those who were prepared went into the banquet. The other five asked to be let in after the door was shut but they were refused. Stay alert and ready for Jesus to return at any time.
(glc2 glc5) Matt 25:14-30 Parable: The kingdom of heaven will be like the master leaving on a journey and putting his servants in charge of finances. The ones who had an ample supply of money used it wisely and gained more money. The servant who had only a little did not use it and gained nothing. After a long time the master returned and had an accounting. The servants who were faithful and made the money grow were praised by the master. The lazy servant had the original money taken from him and he was thrown out of the master’s house.
(glc2 glc3 glc5) Matt 25:31-46 When Jesus returns in his glory and angels with him he will separate people into two groups. The righteous group who aligned themselves with God’s plan (glc...accepted Jesus, helped lowly people without knowing they were helping Jesus) will be invited to inherit the kingdom prepared for them. The other accursed group (glc...did not help lowly people) will be sent away into hell where the devil and his angels are for eternal punishment. The righteous will have eternal life (glc...with God).
(glc3 glc5) Matt 26:26-28 At the “Last Supper” Jesus said that his blood would be poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins.
(glc3 glc4 glc5) Matt 26:64 Jesus is questioned by the high priest, Caiaphas. Jesus said that people would see him sitting at the right hand of God the Father and coming on the clouds of heaven. (NET...Psalm 110:1 Daniel 7:13)
(glc4) Matt 27:1-10 The religious leaders made a plan to have Jesus killed. They led Jesus to the Roman governor, Pilate. Judas regretted that he betrayed Jesus after he saw Jesus condemned. Judas gave the 30 silver coins back to the religious leaders and told them that Jesus was innocent. The leaders said Judas’ problems were his own. Judas hanged himself. The leaders used the money to buy a burial ground for foreigners. This fulfilled Old Testament passages Jeremiah 18:2-6; 32:6-15; 19:1-13; Zechariah 11:12,13 “They took the thirty silver coins, the price of the one whose price had been set by the people of Israel, and they gave them for the potter’s field, as the Lord commanded me.”
(glc4) Matt 27:11-23 Pilate questioned Jesus. Jesus did not defend himself against the accusations of the religious leaders. It was a Roman custom to release a prisoner during a celebration in an occupied country. Pilate asked the Jews if he should release Jesus or a criminal, Barabbas. Pilate’s wife sent a message to Pilate that she had a dream about Jesus that led her to believe that Jesus was innocent. The religious leaders stirred up the crowd to ask for Barabbas to be released and to ask for Jesus to be crucified.
(glc4) Matt 27:24-31 Pilate symbolically washed his hands and tried to separate himself from responsibility for the crucifixion. Pilate released Barabbas and had Jesus flogged and taken to be crucified. The soldiers mocked Jesus and hit him before they took him to be crucified.
(glc3 glc4) Matt 27:32 -44 Simon from Cyrene (ESV...likely in Jerusalem for Passover) was forced to carry the cross. (glc...Jesus would have lost blood and would have been weak after the flogging.) Jesus was crucified and the soldiers cast dice to claim his clothes. The charge “This is Jesus, the king of the Jews” was placed on the cross. Two outlaws were crucified on the left and right sides of Jesus cross. People and the religious leaders mocked Jesus as they walked by the cross. They said if Jesus was God’s Son then God should deliver Jesus. (glc...but God’s plan was for Jesus to be the sacrifice for our sins) The two crucified criminals also mocked Jesus.
(glc4 glc5) Matt 27:45-56 From Noon to 3 p.m. there was a darkness over the area. ( glc...Passover is at the time of a Full Moon so it was not a solar eclipse.) (ESV...a supernatural act of God) Around 3 p.m. Jesus quoted Psalm 22:1 “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?” Jesus gave up his spirit and died. (ESV...human spirit went to be with God...see 2 Corinthians 5:8; Philippians 1:23; Hebrews 12:23 ) The curtain in the temple (glc...that separated people from full access to the inner section of the temple) was torn in two. (ESV...see Hebrews 9:11-10:22) There was an earthquake. Some tombs were opened and those who trusted in God were raised and appeared to people after Jesus resurrection. The experienced Roman soldiers were very afraid and exclaimed that Jesus was God’s Son. Several woman followers of Jesus witnessed the crucifixion. (Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James and Joseph, and the mother of James and John)
(glc4) Matt 27:57-61 In the evening, Joseph of Arimathea (Google... Arimathea was 15 to 20 miles NW of Jerusalem) who was a disciple of Jesus, asked Pilate for Jesus’ body. Pilate granted this. Joseph buried Jesus’ body properly in a tomb Joseph had prepared for himself. (NET...”Asking for the body of Jesus was indeed a bold move on the part of Joseph of Arimathea, for it clearly and openly identified him with a man who had just been condemned and executed, namely, Jesus….He sought to give Jesus an honorable burial.”) Joseph rolled a large stone in front of the tomb. The two Marys saw the burial take place.
(glc4) Matt 27:62-66 On the following day the religious leaders told Pilate that Jesus had predicted that after three days He would rise. The leaders asked Pilate to have the tomb guarded so Jesus’ followers would not steal the body and then proclaim to the people that Jesus had risen from the dead. Pilate directed the leaders to take soldiers and secure the tomb. The stone in front of the tomb was sealed.
(glc3 glc4 glc5) Matt 28:1-10 On the morning of the third day the two Marys went to the tomb. There was something like an earthquake as an angel from heaven rolled away the stone from the tomb. The angel was brightly white and the guards were afraid and made no moves. The angel told the women to not fear and that the angel knew they were looking for Jesus. The angel told them to look in the empty tomb and to tell the disciples Jesus is risen and is going to Galilee to meet them. The women see Jesus outside the tomb, touched his feet, and worshiped him. (ESV...Jesus accepts the acknowledgment of His deity...only God is to be worshiped.) Jesus told the women to tell the disciples to go to Galilee to meet Jesus.
(glc1) Matt 28:11-15 Some of the soldiers told the religious leaders what had happened. The leaders formed a plan, gave money to the soldiers so the soldiers would testify that the disciples stole Jesus’ body while they were sleeping. The leaders said they would keep the soldiers out of trouble with Pilate.
(glc3 glc5) Matt 28:16-20 The 11 disciples (glc...not Judas) saw Jesus on the mountain in Galilee and worshiped Him, but some doubted. Jesus told him he had all authority in heaven and earth. They were to go and make disciples in all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, and teaching them to obey all that Jesus had commanded them. The disciples were to remember that Jesus is with them always.
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MARK
(QUEST…”John Mark, the son of a Jerusalem widow whose home was a meeting place for early believers …Acts 12:12. Mark most likely recorded the events as he heard them firsthand from the disciple Peter.” … written sometime in the range of 50 to 70 A.D.)
(ESV…”Widespread evidence from the early church fathers affirms that Peter passed on reports of the words and deeds of Jesus to his attendant and writer, John Mark.” “ The external and internal data most convincingly point to Rome as the place of composition and a date for Mark in the mid-to late-50s.)
(glc3 glc5) Mark 1:1 - 8 The good news of Jesus Christ, the Son of God. Isaiah wrote in Isaiah 40:3 “Look, I am sending my messenger ahead of you, who will prepare your way, the voice of one shouting in the wilderness, ‘Prepare the way for the Lord, make his paths straight.’ “ In the wilderness, John the Baptist preached a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins. People from the countryside and Jerusalem came to him and were baptized by him in the Jordan River as they confessed their sins. John wore clothes and ate food like someone who lived in the desert. (glc…he did not put on an outward show of fine clothes like the religious leaders) John told the people that a more important person was coming, who John was not worthy to untie his sandals. This person will baptize the people with the Holy Spirit, not with water as John was doing.
(glc4 glc5) Mark 1:9-13 Jesus was baptized by John the Baptist. The Spirit came on Jesus like a dove. A voice from heaven said Jesus is God’s son. The Spirit drove Jesus into the wilderness and there Jesus endured temptations from Satan. (glc...Jesus resisted sinning with help from scripture) Angels ministered to his needs. Jesus as a person was accepted and commended by God. Jesus was tested in the wilderness.
(glc2 glc4 glc5) Mk 1:14 - 20 After John was put into prison (glc…by Herod), Jesus went into Galilee and proclaimed the good news of God. He told the people, “The time is fulfilled and the kingdom of God is near. Repent and believe the gospel!” (glc…this is still the message for us … repent, turn away from evil, and have faith in Jesus, who brought the good news of forgiveness of sins and restoration of fellowship with God through his sacrifice on the cross. People lost fellowship with God by choosing to do things our way since the time of Adam and Eve. The good news is that by having faith and trust in Jesus’ sacrifice for your sins, God forgets your sin and sees the righteousness of Jesus on you.) Jesus was walking along the Sea of Galilee and saw Simon and Andrew fishing. He told them that if they would follow him he would make them fishers of people. They left their fishing equipment and followed Jesus. Jesus also called James and John to follow him and they did, leaving their father and the fishing crew.
(glc3 glc5) Mark 1:23,24 A demon possessed man in the synagogue shouts out saying/asking that Jesus should leave them alone and that the demon knows that Jesus, the Nazarene, is the Holy One of God. (NET …. Jesus came to deal with uncleanness and unholiness.)
(glc3 glc4 glc5) Mark 1:31-34 Jesus healed Peter’s mother-in-law. In the evening people brought people to Jesus who were sick and demon-possessed. There were many witnesses who saw Jesus heal many who were sick and cast out many demons. The demons knew Jesus.
(glc4 glc5) Mark 1:35-39 Jesus got up early in the morning to spend time alone in prayer. When the disciples found Jesus they told him many people were looking for him. Jesus said they should go to other villages so he could preach to other people, because that is what he came to the region to do. Jesus traveled throughout Galilee preaching in synagogues and casting out demons.
(glc2 glc4 glc5) Mark 2:1-12 Jesus returned to Capernaum and many people came to his house. Jesus preached the word (glc -- kingdom message) (ESV – “imminent rule of God and the need for repentance and trust in him ) to them. A paralyzed man is let down to Jesus through the roof. Jesus recognized the faith of the group and told the paralyzed man that his sins were forgiven. The religious leaders, in their minds, questioned Jesus authority to forgive sins. To show his authority, Jesus told the paralyzed man to get up and walk. The man did so in front of the people, who glorified God.
(glc5) Mark 2:13 Jesus taught a crowd who came to him by the sea.
(glc4 glc5) Mark 2:15-17 Jesus at with tax collectors and sinners. The religious leaders saw this and asked Jesus’ disciples why he was associating with sinners. Jesus told them that he came to call the sinners, not those who called themselves righteous.
(glc3 glc4 glc5) Mark 2:23-28 The religious leaders complained that the disciples were breaking the law of the Sabbath as they picked grains of wheat to eat. Jesus tells them that the Sabbath was made for people, not people for the Sabbath, and that the Son of Man is lord of the Sabbath (glc--saying that Jesus authority as Son of Man allows his disciples to pick and eat the wheat).
(glc3 glc4 glc5) Mark 3:1-5 In a synagogue on the Sabbath, Jesus encounters a man who had a withered hand. The religious leaders watched Jesus closely to see if he would heal the man on the Sabbath. Jesus has the man stand up in plain view of all. Jesus asks if it is lawful to go good on the Sabbath, or evil. Jesus is angry and grieved by the hard hearts of the leaders. The man with the withered hand obeys Jesus to stretch out his hand and the hand was healed. Jesus came to Earth to do good and was not bound or restricted by the Jewish laws and traditions. Jesus cares about the needs of people.
(glc3 glc4 glc5) Mark 3:7-12 A large number of people, from many regions, followed Jesus as he went towards the sea. Jesus healed many people and freed many from demons and many sought to touch Jesus, so Jesus had the disciples prepare a small boat for Jesus. The demons submitted and cried out that Jesus is the Son of God, but Jesus would not permit them to reveal Jesus to the crowd. Jesus knew the time was not right for him to be revealed as the Son of God to the public.
(glc4 glc5) Mark 3:13-19 Jesus chose 12 of the followers to be with him. These would be sent out to preach and cast out demons.
(glc3 glc4 glcc5) Mark 3:20-30 When Jesus went to his home (in Capernaum) there was a large crowd. Jesus human family came to the house because they (glc – the brothers and sisters Mary gave birth to after Jesus’ birth) thought Jesus was out of his mind. Mary would not have thought these thoughts. Some of his human family came to believe in Jesus (1 Corinthians 9:4,5). The experts in the law accused Jesus of being aligned with Satan. Jesus says Satan would not work against Satan. People will be forgiven sins except the ones who blaspheme against the Holy Spirit by making a firm, and flagrant, decision and proclamation that the works of the Holy Spirit are works of Satan and should be opposed.
(glc4 glc5) Mark 3:31-35 Jesus says that those who do the will of God are his brother, sister, mother. (NET ESV...Matt 6:10; John 7:17; Romans 12:2; 1 Peter 4:2; Psalm 22:23; Hebrews 2:11,12)
(glc5) Mark 4:1-9 Jesus teaches from a boat to a large crowd. Parable of the sower: seed on path, seed on rocky ground, seed among thorns, seed on good soil. Jesus said that the people should listen. ( see next paragraph )
(glc2 glc5) Mark 4:10 – 20 Jesus told the disciples that the secret of the kingdom of God had been given to them. But to those outside the group of disciples the teaching was in parables to fulfill scripture Isaiah 6:9,10 (glc...those who are seeking God will understand the parable). Jesus explains the parable to the disciples. Satan quickly takes the word from some people. Some receive the word but the word doesn’t get established and they don’t keep committed to the kingdom when difficulties come to them. Some hear the word but worldly distractions and concerns stop the word from growing in their lives so the word has no effect or growth. Some receive the word and let it multiply its effect in them and around them.
(glc5) Mark 4:21-23 Fulfill your purpose in life. Be a light for yourself and others. Pay attention to spiritual teaching. If you have understanding, you gain more understanding.
(glc2 glc5) Mark 4:26-29 The kingdom of God grows in ways you don’t understand.
(glc2 glc5) Mark 4:30 – 32 The kingdom of God starts small but grows and helps many.
(glc5) Mark 4:33,34 Jesus spoke to the public in parables but privately explained the teaching to the disciples.
(glc3 glc5) Mark 4:35 – 41 After the day of teaching Jesus told the disciples they should go to the other side of the lake. A strong wind created waves and the boat was in danger of sinking. The disciples woke up Jesus and told them their fear of dying. Jesus rebuked the wind and calmed the sea. Jesus wanted them to have faith in Jesus. The disciples are in awe of Jesus.
(glc3 glc5) Mark 5:6 – 20 Jesus encountered a demon-possessed man. The demon recognized Jesus, the demon-possessed man bowed down to him, and asked to be left alone. Jesus gave the evil spirits permission to leave the man and enter a herd of pigs. The people of the region came to see what had happened. The people recognized Jesus had more power than the demons but there reaction was to be afraid, so they asked Jesus to leave their region. (glc...Don’t be like them. Don’t fear Jesus, welcome him. ) Jesus tells the man who was freed from demons to go to his people and tell them what the Lord had done for them and how he had received mercy. The man did proclaim what Jesus had done for him to his people.
(glc2 glc3 glc5) Mark 5:27-34 A woman who had been bleeding for 12 years heard of Jesus and had faith that if she could just touch Jesus’ clothes she would be healed. She was healed and Jesus sensed that power had gone out of him. The woman told Jesus what had happened. Jesus told her that her faith had made her well and pronounced healing on her. The healing of the kingdom of God came to this woman.
(glc3 glc5) Mark 5:35-43 The daughter of the leader of the synagogue died. Jesus told him to not fear, but believe. Peter, James, John and Jesus go to the house. Jesus tells the mourners that from his perspective the child is not permanently dead. The father, mother, Peter, James, and John go to the child’s room. Jesus takes the 12-year-old child’s hand and tells her to get up. She gets up and walks. The group was amazed and tells them not to tell others about the healing. (glc...Jesus did not want the public to deviate him from his true purpose on Earth.)
(glc3 glc5) Mark 6:32-44 Jesus and the disciples go to a remote place by boat. Many people saw them leave and went by foot ahead of the boat. Jesus had compassion on the people as he saw they did not have a spiritual leader so he taught them. At the end of the day Jesus took five loaves of bread and two fish, gave thanks to heaven for them, and 5,000 men (and also uncounted women and children) ate and were satisfied.
(glc3 glc5) Mark 6:53-56 Jesus and the disciples landed south of Capernaum. People recognized Jesus and brought sick people to him. All who touched the edge of his cloak were healed. Jesus has power to heal and wants people to be healed physically and spiritually.
(glc4 glc5) Mark 7:5-13 The religious leaders complained that Jesus’ disciples ate with unwashed hands and did not follow the traditions of their past leaders. Jesus quoted Isaiah 29:13 that the people only gave lip service to God without having a commitment in their hearts, and that they worshiped in vain since they made the commandments of men into religious doctrine. The religious leaders were putting aside the commandments of God when it was convenient for them.
(glc5) Mark 7:14-23 Jesus taught that it is not what you eat that harms your spiritual condition, it the words and actions that come from a person can harm the spiritual condition of the person. A little later, Jesus instructed his disciples that food does not harm your spiritual condition, but evil ideas, sexual immorality, theft, murder, adultery, greed, evil, deceit, debauchery, envy, slander, pride, and folly of a person harm their spiritual condition.
(glc4 glc5) Mark 7:24-30 Jesus went to the region of Tyre (glc...about 35 miles north of Nazareth, on the Mediterranean coast, where Jews and Gentiles lived). A gentile woman whose daughter was demon-possessed went to Jesus and asked Jesus to cast out the demon. Jesus said his first mission was to the Jews. The woman humbly persisted. Jesus valued her response and healed her daughter.
(glc4 glc5) Mark 7:31-37 Jesus went to the east side of the Jordan river and healed a man who could not hear or speak. People were amazed at the healings.
(glc4 glc5) Mark 8:1-10 Jesus taught a large crowd for three days. He had compassion on them for their hunger. Jesus gave thanks for seven loaves of bread and a few fish, and about 4,000 were fed and satisfied. Jesus dismissed the people. Jesus and the disciples went to another region (NET...perhaps on the west shore of the Sea of Galilee).
(glc3 glc4 glc5) Mark 8:11-13 The Pharisees asked Jesus for a sign from heaven to test his authority. Jesus could have done so, but Jesus wanted people to seek God from their heart and mind, not from seeing amazing miracles.
(glc5) Mark 8:14-21 (NET ...The disciples did not fully understand who Jesus is.) Jesus asks them to see the spiritual meaning in what he has done.
(glc5) Mark 8:22-26 Jesus restores the sight of a blind man. Jesus has the man avoid going to the village as this healing would disrupt Jesus’ teaching ministry.
(glc3 glc4 glc5) Mark 8:27-30 Jesus and the disciples go to the region of Caesarea Philippi (ESV...about 25 miles north of the Sea of Galilee). People had said that Jesus was John the Baptist, Elijah, or another prophet. Jesus asked his disciples who they believed he was . Peter said that Jesus is the Christ (ESV...OT term for divinely appointed leader and Messiah … Jews of the day expected deliverance from Rome for the people). Jesus warned the disciples to not tell people this. Jesus did not come to be a political figure.
(glc3 glc5) Mark 8:31-33 Jesus taught his disciples that he must suffer, be rejected by the religious leaders, die, and rise again after three days. Jesus rebuked Peter for giving priority to what he thought would be best rather than what is best in God’s plan.
(glc2 glc5) Mark 8:34-38 Jesus declared to the crowd around him and to the disciples that those who seek to follow Jesus must deny what they want and be committed to Jesus in the face of persecution. There is a long-term benefit when you stay committed to Jesus and to the gospel Jesus taught about the kingdom of God. If you reject faithfulness to Jesus and his teachings while you are on Earth, Jesus will reject you when he is revealed with glory on Earth to judge people.
(glc2 glc5) Mark 9 :1 Jesus declared that some who are living would see the kingdom of God come with power.
(glc3 glc4 glc5) Mark 9:2-10 Jesus took Peter, James, and John up a mountain. Jesus was transfigured to reveal heavenly glory and Elijah and Moses talked to Jesus. A voice came from a cloud telling them Jesus is his Son and they should listen to him and learn from him. Jesus told Peter, James, and John to not tell others what they experienced on the mountain until he had risen from the dead. They did not fully understand this statement.
(glc3 glc5) Mark 9:11-13 Jesus tells Peter, James, and John that the OT prophecy that Elijah must come before the Christ has been fulfilled. (glc...Luke 1:17 John the Baptist preached repentance and prepared the way of the Lord. He did this not as the physical return of Elijah but in the ministry of Elijah.)
(glc5) Mark 9:14-29 A father brings his son to be freed from a demon. The father states he believes can help but he doesn’t fully understand how Jesus can help. Jesus rebukes the demon and is healed. Jesus explains to the disciples that prayer was needed to cast out this demon.
(glc5) Mark 9:30-32 Jesus traveled with the disciples so he could teach them, without distractions, that he would be betrayed, killed, and rise again. The disciples did not understand.
(glc3 glc5) Mark 9:33-37 The disciples argued among themselves as to which of them was the most important. Jesus taught them that those who seek to be most important must be humble and serve others. Those who welcome and accept Jesus are welcoming and accepting God the Father.
(glc5) Mark 9:38-41 Those who don’t oppose Jesus are supporting Jesus. Those who help Christians will have a reward.
(glc5) Mark 9:39-50 Those who cause a young believer to sin will be punished. Sin is serious and avoiding sin is more important than parts of your body. Jesus is not suggesting you actually harm yourself. He is jarring people into thinking seriously about avoiding sin. In verse 50—keep yourself useful and maintain peace with others.
(glc4 glc5) Mark 10:1 – 12 With crowds around Jesus, the religious leaders tried to get Jesus to say something that would reduce his popularity. Jesus told them that Moses permitted divorce because of the hard hearts of people. But Jesus said God wants marriages to continue. Those who divorce and marry another person commit adultery. (glc...Jesus gives an exception to this teaching in Matthew 19:9 -- for the case of sexual immorality. Paul also states an exception in 1 Corinthians 7:15 for the case when an unbelieving partner leaves the marriage. Other cases may lead to a Biblically permissible divorce: physical or emotional abuse, addictions. Talk to a Bible-believing pastor for advice. Seek to maintain the marriage. Don’t use these exceptions as permission to leave the marriage easily.)
(glc2 glc4 glc5) Mark 10:13-16 Jesus welcomed little children. He taught that only those who receive the kingdom of God like a child will enter it. Children are as important as adults. Those with simple trust and faith in Jesus will receive the kingdom of God.
(glc5) Mark 10:17-22 A person humbly asked Jesus, “good teacher,” what he had to do to receive eternal life. Only God (including Jesus John 5:21-23; 20:28) is good. The man said he had always obeyed the commandments relating to relationships with others. Jesus recognized that the man was rich and challenged him to sell all, give the money to the poor, know he would have treasure in heaven, and then follow Jesus. The man was sad and went away. The man failed the first commandment: have nothing in your life in the place of God.
(glc2 glc5) Mark 10:23-27 Jesus told the disciples that it is hard for the rich to enter the kingdom of God. In human terms, in human ways of valuing situations and treasure, it is not possible. Jesus told the disciples that all things are possible for God. God provides a way to enter the kingdom of God through Jesus sacrifice on the cross for our sins.
(glc3 glc5) Mark 10:28-31 Jesus teaches that those who dedicate themselves to God’s work, God’s gospel, on Earth will receive more good things on Earth, and eternal life after death. The ordering and honoring of people will be different in the spiritual reckoning than in the earthly reckoning.
(glc3 glc5) Mark 10:35-40 James and John made a bold request to Jesus that they would sit near Jesus in heaven. Jesus tells them they will experience what he experiences on Earth but the seats in heaven by him are for those in God’s plan.
(glc3 glc5) Mark 10:41-45 The other 10 disciples are upset with James and John for requesting honor in heaven. Jesus teaches that those who want to be honored on Earth must be servants. Jesus did not come to be honored and served, but to serve others and to die to pay the penalty for the sins of others.
(glc3 glc4 glc5) Mark 10:46-52 Jesus, the disciples, and a large crowd passed through Jericho (about 17 miles from Jerusalem). A blind beggar sitting by the road cried out to Jesus, Son of David, to have mercy on him. Jesus had the man come to him and Jesus asked what he wanted him to do. The man asked to see again. Jesus told him that because of his faith he was healed. The man followed Jesus.
(glc4 glc5) Mark 11:1-11 Near Jerusalem, Jesus sent two disciples to get a colt for him to ride. The disciples told the people that the Lord needed it and it would be returned. People spread cloaks and branches (glc...small leafy branches) on the road. The people shouted Hosanna (NET...Lord save us, Hail to the King) . Jesus went to the temple, looked around, and then went to Bethany with the disciples (less than 2 miles away).
(glc5) Mark 11:15-19 The next day Jesus drove those who were selling and buying out of the temple courts. Jesus taught that God’s house was to be a house of prayer and not used for profit. (Jeremiah 7:11) The religious leaders feared Jesus popularity and his upsetting the religious system and they discussed how to kill Jesus.
(glc4 glc5) Mark 11:20-26 The next day, Jesus and the disciples saw that the fig tree Jesus had cursed had withered. Jesus told them to have faith in God, do not doubt, believe what you say will happen and it will happen. (glc...there are limits, you must be in agreement with God’s plan in what you ask for, James 4:3). Have faith when you pray and you will receive. When you are praying, forgive others and God will forgive your sins.
(glc4 glc5) Mark 11:27-33 In the temple courts, the religious leaders questioned Jesus authority. Jesus asked them to tell him if they thought John’s authority for baptism was from heaven or from people. The leaders did not follow John’s teachings on repentance and would not acknowledge he was obeying God. The people held John to be a prophet and the leaders feared the people would turn on them if they discounted John’s message, so they said they had no answer for Jesus. Jesus would not answer the religious leaders. He knew they were not seeking God.
(glc2 glc3 glc5) Mark 12:1 – 12 Jesus told a parable about people working in a vineyard who did not respect the owner of a vineyard. The people mistreated the owner’s servants (glc...OT prophets) and finally killed the owner’s son (glc...Jesus). Jesus taught the the owner would come and destroy the workers (glc...Jewish religious leaders) and give the vineyard (glc….kingdom of God) to others (glc...who were not the current religious establishment.) The religious leaders wanted to arrest Jesus but they feared the crowd.
(glc5) Mark 12:13 – 17 The religious and political leaders tried to trap Jesus by his response to their question. Jesus told them to give Caesar that things that are Caesar’s and to give God the things that are God’s. You can be a good citizen and be committed to God.
(glc3 glc5) Mark 12:18-27 The religious leaders who do not believe in a resurrection after death tried to trap Jesus with a puzzle about which of her preceding husbands would be her husband after death. Jesus tells them they do not know the scriptures or the power of God. People will not marry in heaven. (glc...I believe we will be focused on worshiping God the Father, Jesus, and the Holy Spirit in heaven. We will recognize people but they will not be our main concern.) Those who don’t believe in a resurrection after death are badly mistaken. God is the God of the souls who have life after their earthly death.
(glc2 glc5) Mark 12:28-34 An expert in the Jewish law asked Jesus which commandment is most important. Jesus answered that you must love God completely, with mind, body, spirit. Jesus gave a bonus answer the second most important commandment is to love others like you would love yourself. Obeying these commandments is more important than fulfilling religious traditions. The expert in the law told Jesus that he was correct. Jesus acknowledged his respectful answer and told him he was not far from the kingdom of God. (glc...to be in the kingdom of God the expert needed to put his faith in Jesus.)
(glc3 glc5) Mark 12:35-37 Jesus implies that the Christ will sit at the right hand of God. The Christ is a descendant of David but is more important than David.
(glc5) Mark 13:3 – 8 Jesus teaches that towards the beginning of God’s judgment on Earth, many will come forward and claim to be Jesus, returned from the dead. Don’t let them mislead you. There will be wars, earthquakes, and famines. But worse will come.
(glc3 glc5) Mark 13:9-13 Jesus’ followers will be persecuted by religious and political leaders, and they will be a witness of Jesus to them. The gospel (glc… the message of who Jesus is and what he has done) must be preached to all nations. The Holy Spirit will help you speak before the authorities. Family members will betray you. People in general will hate those who are committed to Jesus. The person who keeps faith in Jesus will be saved to eternal life with God, Jesus, and the Holy Spirit.
(glc5) Mark 13:14 – 23 Danger and tribulation will come and you must value your commitment to God higher than your earthly possessions. There will be suffering. God will limit the destruction so those who are chosen by God are saved. Do not believe false prophets and false messiahs who will perform signs and wonders.
(glc3 glc5) Mark 13:24-27 After the suffering, there will be signs in the sky (glc… solar and lunar eclipses, meteor showers), and then all on Earth will see Jesus, Son of Man, arriving in the clouds with great power and glory. Then he will send angels to gather the elect people from all the Earth.
(glc3 glc5) Mark 13:31 Heaven and Earth will be no more, but Jesus’ words will never cease to exist.
(glc3 glc5) Mark 13:32-37 Only God the Father knows the exact time of Jesus’ return. Consider yourself to be a servant of God and be alert and serving Him at all times.
(glc4 glc5) Mark 14:3-9 Jesus was eating in the house of a leper in Bethany ( about 2 miles from Jerusalem). A woman put expensive aromatic oil on Jesus head. Some complained, and even spoke angrily to the woman, that the oil should have been sold to provide money to give to the poor. Jesus told them not to bother her. She had anointed Jesus for his burial. Jesus said that her act of service would be told in memory of her wherever the gospel is proclaimed.
(glc3 glc5) Mark 14:17-21 Jesus tells the disciples that one of them will betray him. Jesus tells them that the Son of Man will go (glc...go on God’s mission for him) as it was written about him (ESV...glc...Old Testament prophecies Psalm 55:13.14; Isaiah 53:1-12; Daniel 9:25,26; Mark 8:31).
(glc3 glc5) Mark 14:22-26 Jesus gives thanks for the bread, breaks it, and gives it to the disciples saying “Take it. This is my body.” Jesus took the cup and gave thanks and gave it to the disciples saying “This is my blood, the blood of the covenant, that is poured out for many.” (NET...”Jesus death established the forgiveness promised in the new covenant of Jeremiah 31:31. Jesus is reinterpreting the symbolism of the Passover meal, indicating the presence of a new era.”
(glc3 glc4 glc5) Mark 14:53-65 Jesus had been arrested and is now taken to the religious leaders. The high priest asked Jesus, “are you the Christ , the Son of the Blessed One? (NET... see Psalm 110:1)” Jesus said “I am and you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of the Power (NET ...God) and coming with the clouds of heaven. (NET...see Daniel 7:13)”
(glc5) Mark 15:6-20 Pilate wanted to release Jesus but the religious leaders had stirred up the crowd which shouted “Crucify him” to Pilate. The soldiers took Jesus, put a purple robe on him and a crown of thorns, mocked him and paid false homage to Jesus. Then they led him away to crucify him.
(glc4 glc5) Mark 15:21-32 The soldiers crucified Jesus with the sign “The king of the Jews.” People walking by Jesus mocked him along with the religious leaders. The two criminals who were crucified with Jesus also mocked Jesus.
(glc3 glc4 glc5) Mark 15:33 – 41 The crucifixion started around 9 a.m. Around noon darkness came until around 3 p.m. (glc...The longest solar eclipse lasts about 7 min 30 sec, so this is a special event, if you want a physical explanation: perhaps thick clouds?? I think the darkness is symbolic of evil in the world, and the terrible event.) around 3 p.m. Jesus cries out “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?” (glc...Jesus had taken on the sin of the world and God is separate from sin.) Jesus died. The temple curtain (glc...a thick curtain) was torn from top to bottom (glc...symbolic that access to God is not available through Jesus sacrifice for sins) . The centurion, an expert in executions, saw how Jesus died (glc...in a much different way, attitude, than previous executions he had witnessed) he said “Truly this man was God’s Son!” Many women who had followed Jesus in his ministry were watching from a distance.
(glc4) Mark 15:42-47 Joseph of Arimathea, a respected member of the Jewish council who was looking forward to the kingdom of God, asked Pilate for permission to take Jesus’ body. Jesus wrapped the body in linen cloth and placed it in a tomb. A stone was rolled across the entrance. Some of the women saw where the tomb was located.
(glc3 glc4 ) Mark 16:1-8 On Sunday, some of the women who had followed Jesus went to the tomb to anoint Jesus body. The stone had been rolled away from the entrance to the tomb. A man dressed in white (glc...angel) told them Jesus had been raised from the dead. The man told the women to tell the disciples to go to Galilee to meet Jesus.
(glc4 glc5) Mark 16:9-20 (NET This is the longer ending of Mark that is not in the earliest manuscripts of Mark and seems to have been added later. The content does appear in some of the other gospels earliest documents and does not affect Christian doctrine.) On Sunday Jesus arose and appeared to Mary Magdalene she told Jesus’ followers but they did not believe her. Jesus also appeared to two of his followers (glc...road to Emmaus Luke 24:13-35) who then went back to Jerusalem to tell others, but they did not believe them. Jesus also appeared to the eleven (glc...Judas is no longer in the group) and he rebuked them for their unbelief. He told them to go into the world and preach the gospel. After Jesus had spoken to them he was taken up into heaven and sat down at the right hand of God. The disciples proclaimed the gospel and Jesus worked with them and confirmed their preaching with accompanying miracles.
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LUKE
(QUEST…”Who wrote the book” Luke, a companion of Paul the apostle.” When was it written? Possibly A.D. 59 to 63, although some think it may have been 15 to 20 years later.”)
(ESV…”The Lukan authorship of Luke-Acts is affirmed by both external evidence (church tradition) and internal evidence.” “The earliest possible date of Luke-Acts is immediately after the events that Luke recorded in Acts 28, c. A.D. 62.”)
(glc4 glc5) Luke 1:1-4 Many wrote accounts of what happened with Jesus and the disciples. Luke had read accounts passed on by those who were eyewitnesses and close followers of Jesus. Luke had paid close attention to those accounts and now wanted to write an organized account to help Theophilus (glc...see Acts chapter 1) strengthen his faith in the things he had been taught (glc...about Jesus and about the gospel message).
(glc3) Luke 1:5-17 During Herod’s reign (ESV 37BC to 4 BC), Zechariah served as a priest and was in the Holy Place, inner part, of the temple to burn incense. Zechariah and his wife were righteous, and old. An angel appeared to him and told him that his prayer for a son will be answered. His wife Elizabeth would have a son who would be filled with the Holy Spirit even before he was born. He would be a forerunner (glc...prepare the way) before the Lord in the spirit and power of Elijah, to make ready the people prepared for the Lord.
(glc1) Luke 1:18-25 Zechariah doubted. “The angel answered him, “I am Gabriel, who stands in the presence of God, and I was sent to speak to you and to bring you this good news.” (NET) The angel said that because he didn’t believe he would not be able to speak until the child was born. Elizabeth was thankful to God for God’s graciousness.
(glc3 glc4) Luke 1:26-38 After Elizabeth had been pregnant for 6 months, the angel Gabriel was sent by God to the virgin Mary. Gabriel greeted Mary, told her the Lord was with her, told her to not be afraid, told Mary that she had found favor with God, (NET...Mary has been chosen to act on God’s behalf) and would become pregnant through the Holy Spirit and the power of God. She was to name her son Jesus (NET...Greek form of Joshua...”Yahweh saves”). The angel said He will be great, will be called the Son of the Most High, God will give him David’s throne, He will reign over the house of Jacob (NET...Israel) forever. The angel told Mary He will be holy and be called the Son of God. The angel told Mary that her relative, Elizabeth, was 6-months pregnant with a son even though she was old. Nothing is impossible with God. (glc...what people think is impossible can be accomplished by God … creating life, restarting life on Earth through Noah and his family, Moses leading Israel out of Egypt, recorded miracles in Old Testament, etc.) Mary replied that she was a servant of the Lord and was willing to have this happen to her.
(glc3 glc4 ) Luke 1:39-56 Mary soon went to the house of her relatives, Elizabeth and Zechariah. Elizabeth was prompted by the Holy Spirit to proclaim that Mary was blessed, and the child in her womb was blessed. Elizabeth proclaimed wonder that the mother of her Lord should visit her. The baby in Elizabeth’s womb moved when Mary came to the house. Elizabeth proclaimed that Mary was blessed for believing what the angel told her. Mary praised God and rejoiced that God was working through her. Mary recounted God’s greatness, holiness, mercy to those who reverently fear Him, power in directing the future of nations, judgment for those with pride, help for those without high social standing, and fulfillment of His promises to Israel’s ancestors. Mary stayed with Elizabeth for three months.
(glc3 glc4) Luke 1:57-79 Elizabeth gave birth to a son and her neighbors rejoiced over the birth and God’s mercy. At the time of circumcision Elizabeth directed that he be named John. Zechariah wrote “His name is John.” on a writing tablet (glc...since he still could not speak). Then Zechariah (John the Baptist’s father) could speak and he blessed God. His neighbors were amazed and many people wondered at the future of the child as they recognized God was working. Zechariah was filled with the Holy Spirit and prophesied … Blessed be the Lord God of Israel...he has redeemed his people..he has raised up a horn of salvation (NET...powerful savior) for Israel...and has kept his covenants … . John the Baptist will known as a prophet and go before the Lord to prepare his ways, to give his people knowledge of salvation through the forgiveness of their sins...to give light to those who sit in darkness and in the shadow of death...John had spiritual growth and was in the wilderness until he was revealed in Israel.
(glc3 glc4) Luke 2:1-21 Joseph and Mary went from Nazareth to Bethlehem (about 85 miles...perhaps a 7 day journey [Gemini AI response] ) to register with the government. Mary gave birth to her firstborn. An angel appeared to shepherds in a nearby field to tell them their Savior was born in the city of David (glc...Bethlehem), and that he is Christ (NET...one who has been anointed) the Lord. A great number of angels appeared and praised God. The shepherds found Mary, Joseph, and the baby, and told them what they had been told about the child.
(glc4) Luke 2:22-24 Joseph and Mary brought Jesus to the temple in Jerusalem to follow the Jewish religion regarding firstborn sons, including making an offering.
(glc4) Luke 2:25-35 The Holy Spirit had revealed to Simeon that he would not die before he saw the Lord’s Christ. Simeon encountered Mary, Joseph, and Jesus in the temple courts. Simeon held Jesus and blessed God, saying … “my eyes have seen your salvation..a light,for revelation to the Gentiles, and for glory to your people Israel. … This child is destined to be the cause of the falling and rising of many in Israel and to be a sign that will be rejected.” (NET)
(glc4) Luke 2:36-38 Anna, an aged widow and prophetess, never left the temple. She fasted and prayed night and day. She came to Mary and Joseph, gave thanks to God, and spoke about the child to all who were waiting for the redemption of Jerusalem.
(glc4) Luke 2:39-40 Joseph, Mary, and Jesus returned to Nazareth. Jesus grew, was filled with wisdom, and the favor of God was upon him.
(glc3 glc4) Luke 2:41-52 Mary and Joseph went to Jerusalem every year for the Feast of Passover. When Jesus was 12 years old he stayed behind in Jerusalem without telling Mary and Joseph when they left with other travelers. After a day Mary and Joseph realized Jesus was not with the group and they went back to find him. They found him in the temple courts among the religious teachers. People were astonished at Jesus’ understanding and his answers to questions. Jesus told Mary and Joseph that they should have realized he would be in his Father’s house, but they did not understand his comment. Jesus returned to Nazareth with them and increased in wisdom, in his physical body, and in favor with God and people.
(glc4) Luke 3:1-20 John the Baptist started “preaching a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins. “(NET) John told the people that their actions should match their words of repentance. John told the people that a more powerful person than him was coming who would gather people into His storehouse but others will be burned up (Job 20:26; Isaiah 34:8-10; 66:24) like the rejected plant material in the field. . “John proclaimed good news to the people.” Herod put John in prison for John’s rebuke of Herod’s marriage and other evil deeds.
(glc3 glc4) Luke 3:21,22 Jesus was baptized by John the Baptist. Jesus prayed and the Holy Spirit descended on Jesus. A voice came from the sky saying “You are my one dear son, in you I take great delight.” (glc...Jesus was acknowledged by God and was commended by God.)
(glc4 glc5) Luke 3:23-38 Jesus began his healing and teaching ministry when he was about 30 years old. His heritage back to Adam is traced through his step-father, Joseph, through David and Adam. Adam is also called the son of God but the meaning is different. Adam was created by God. Jesus existed as God before his human birth. (glc...for more on Adam and Jesus see Romans 5:12-21; 1 Corinthians 15:20-49 )
(glc3 glc4 glc5) Luke 4:1-13 Jesus was led by the Holy Spirit into the wilderness to endure temptations from the devil. After 40 days the devil tested Jesus by twice trying to make him doubt his true nature, and by promising him earthly glory. Jesus resisted the temptations by answering the devil with scripture; food is not all there is to living; worship and serve only God; don’t test God in unreasonable ways. (glc...In Malachi 3:10 there is an exception for the case of seeing if God is faithful when you obey in tithing. Testing God because you question who He is, and what His character is, is a bad practice.)
(glc4 glc5) Luke 4:14,15 Jesus, energized by the Holy Spirit, traveled around Galilee teaching in the synagogues. People praised Him.
(glc4 glc5) Luke 4:16 - 30 Jesus read Isaiah 61:1-2a in the synagogue in Nazareth. … Isaiah 61:1-2a; 58:6. “...the Spirit of the Lord is upon me..he has anointed me to proclaim good news to the poor...to proclaim release to the captives...regaining sight..free the oppressed...proclaim the year of the Lord’s favor. He told the people that this scripture was fulfilled as He read it. For a while they spoke well of Him. Then someone said He grew up in Nazareth. Jesus tells them they wanted to see a miracle and that a prophet is not accepted in his hometown. He told them a widow outside of Israel was helped by Elijah, and a leper not from Israel was cleansed in the time of Elisha. The people wanted to kill Jesus but He walked away.
(glc3 glc4 glc5) Luke 4:31-37 Jesus went to Capernaum (about 30 miles northeast of Nazareth) and taught the people on the Sabbath. The people were amazed that he spoke with authority. A man in the synagogue had a demon. The demon identified Jesus as the Holy One of God. Jesus rebuked the demon and it left the man. The people were amazed and news about Jesus spread to other towns.
(glc3 glc5) Luke 4:38-41 Jesus healed Peter’s mother-in-law from a high fever by commanding the fever to leave her. In the evening people brought their sick relatives to Jesus. Jesus place his hands on them and healed all of them. Demons from some of the people came out of the people shouting “ You are the Son of God!” but Jesus would not let them speak because they knew that he was the Christ. (glc...Perhaps Jesus wanted people to come to their own decision about Him rather than be influenced by a demon’s message.
(glc2 glc4 glc5) Luke 4:42-44 Jesus went to a deserted place. Crowds of people came to him and tried to have him stay in their region. Jesus told them that he must proclaim the good news of the kingdom of God to other towns also because that was his mission on Earth. Jesus preached in the synagogues of Judea.
(glc4 glc5) Luke 5:1- 11 Jesus was preaching to a crowd on the shore of the Sea of Galilee (Matthew 4:18) from Peter’s boat. After the preaching, Jesus had Simon move the boats of the group to deeper water and cast nets. Many fish were caught and the fishermen were amazed.. Peter confessed to Jesus that he was a sinful man. Jesus invited him to catch people. (glc...with the good news) Peter, James, and John left everything on shore and followed Jesus.
(glc5) Luke 5:12-16 A man who had advanced leprosy came to Jesus in faith that Jesus could heal him. Jesus touched him and spoke, “Be clean!” The man was immediately healed. Jesus told the man to follow the direction of Moses and bring an offering to the Jewish priest. News of the healing spread and large crowds came to hear Jesus preach and to be healed. Jesus often went alone to deserted places to pray.
(glc3 glc5) Luke 5:17-26 On a day when Jesus was teaching some religious leaders were with him. Jesus had power of the Lord to heal people. A paralyzed man was lowered down through the roof to get near Jesus. Jesus recognized their faith and told the man that his sins were forgiven. The religious leaders were thinking that Jesus was speaking blasphemies since only God can forgive sins. Jesus knew what they were thinking and confronted them. He proposed that they think about the difficulty of just saying the man’s sins are forgiven, or, to say stand up and walk. Jesus told the paralyzed man to stand up and go home so the religious leaders would know that the Son of Man, Jesus, has authority to forgive sins. The man got up and went home giving glory to God. All the people were amazed and they gave glory to God. Jesus can forgive sins because he is God.
(glc3 glc5) Luke 5:27-32 Jesus told the tax collector (glc...hated by the Jews) (NET...Levi is possibly another name for Matthew) to follow him. Levi did follow Jesus and hosted a banquet for Jesus at his house. Many other tax collectors were there. The religious leaders complained to the disciples that Jesus and the disciples should not associate with tax collectors and sinners. Jesus told them that he came to Earth to call sinners to repentance, not those who claim to be righteous.
(glc3 glc5) Luke 5:33-39 The religious leaders complained that their disciples and the disciples of John fast and pray, but Jesus disciples don’’t have those religious disciplines. Jesus said this was not the time to fast, that time would come when he was gone. Jesus told a parable to teach them that a new religious time had arrived, with new religious thinking.
(glc3 glc5) Luke 6:1-5 The religious leaders complained to Jesus that the disciples were breaking the religious laws by picking grain from a field they walked through on the Sabbath. Jesus pointed out that David and his companions broke religious laws when they were hungry. Jesus told them that the Son of Man (glc...Jesus) is lord of the Sabbath.
(glc5) Luke 6:6-11 On another Sabbath Jesus was teaching in a synagogue. The religious leaders were watching Jesus carefully to see if he would break religious laws and heal someone on the Sabbath. Jesus asked if the law allowed doing good on the Sabbath or doing evil (glc...the religious leaders thoughts and actions). Jesus healed a man who had a withered hand. The religious leaders were mad and discussed among themselves what they should do about Jesus.
(glc4 glc5) Luke 6:12-16 Jesus separated himself on a mountain to pray all night. The next day he chose twelve apostles from the disciples who followed Him.
(glc3 glc5) Luke 6:17 – 31 Jesus, the apostles, many disciples, and a large group from Judea, Jerusalem, and from Tyre and Sidon were on a level place. The people came to listen to Jesus teach, to be healed from diseases, and to have demon-possessed people set free. People crowded around Jesus because healing power was coming out of Jesus. Jesus looked at his disciples and taught them about being blessed: the kingdom of God belongs to the poor; the hungry will be satisfied; those who weep will have joy; those who are persecuted for following Jesus will h ave great reward in heaven – remember that the ancestors of the persecutors also persecuted the prophets. Jesus also taught that some are condemned: those who are rich have comfort on Earth but not later; those who have abundant food will be hungry later; those who are carefree and laugh now will cry later; those who are popular with all the people are false prophets. Jesus taught that we should do good to those who hate us; pray for those who mistreat you; don’t fight those who fight you; give to those who steal from you. Treat others as you would have them treat you.
(glc5) Luke 6:32-36 Jesus taught that we should love and do good to everyone, not just those who treat us well. Lend to all, and not just those who you know will repay you. When you do this you will have a great reward and will be known as sons of God. God is kind to ungrateful and evil people. Have mercy as God has mercy.
(glc5) Luke 6:46-49 Consider your decisions. If you claim to be a Christian do you follow Jesus’ commands? (see also Matthew 7:21-23) Those who come to Jesus, listen to his teachings, and let those teachings influence their life are providing a solid foundation for their life. Troubles may come but you will get through them.
(glc5) Luke 7:1-10 Jesus came back to Capernaum. A centurion’s slave was sick and near death. The centurion heard about Jesus and sent Jewish elders to ask Jesus to come and heal the slave. As Jesus approached the house the centurion sent messengers to tell Jesus “I am not worthy for you to come under my roof….say the word, and my servant must be healed.” (glc... The centurion recognized Jesus’ authority.) Jesus was amazed at the faith of the centurion. When the messengers returned the slave was well.
(glc3 glc4 glc5) Luke 7:11-17 Jesus went to the town of Nain. (glc...a difficult 25 mile walk from Capernaum) Near the city gate a dead man was being carried out. This man was the only son of the mother, who was a widow. Jesus had compassion for her, touched the stretcher, and commanded the man to get up. The dead man got up and Jesus gave him to his mother. The people were amazed, glorified God, said a great prophet is here and God has come to help us. This event was reported throughout Judea and the surrounding country.
(glc3 glc5) Luke 7:18-23 John the Baptist sent two of his disciples to ask Jesus if he was the Messiah. Jesus was healing many people, freeing people from demons, and restoring sight to people. Jesus told John’s disciples to tell them of the healings and that the poor have good news proclaimed to them, and that people (ESV….John and his disciples) will be blessed if they do not reject Jesus.
(glc2 glc3 glc5) Luke 7:24-30 Jesus tells the crowds that John the Baptist is the messenger sent ahead (Malachi 3:1, Exodus 23:20) to (NET...”point the way to the arrival of God’s salvation. His job is to prepare and guide the people … as the cloud”... guided Israel in the Exodus from Egypt.) Jesus said that no one born on Earth is greater than John the Baptist, but, those (ESV...”who believe in Jesus and have become a member of the new covenant kingdom’’) have a better standing than John the Baptist.
(glc3 glc5) Luke 7:36-50 A religious leader asked Jesus to eat at his house. A woman who was a sinner anointed Jesus feet with perfumed oil. The religious leader was saying to himself that if Jesus was a prophet he would know the woman was a sinner. (glc..and reject her) Jesus taught the religious leader that a person who has the largest debt forgiven will love the forgiver more. Jesus looked at the woman and pointed out to the religious leader that he had not extended common courtesies of water for his feet, a warm welcome, and oil for his head, but the woman has ministered to his feet. Jesus says that the woman’s many sins are forgiven. Those at the dinner talked among themselves wondering who Jesus was, that he would forgive sins. Jesus told the woman that her faith had saved her and she could go in peace.
(glc2 glc5) 8:1 – 3 Jesus preached and taught about the good news of the kingdom of God in several towns and villages.(glc...see the longer paragraph summary of the NBD article about the kingdom of God earlier in this document.)
(glc5) Luke 8:4-15 Jesus taught the parable of the sower to a large crowd. The seed that fell on good soil produced much grain. The disciples asked Jesus to explain the parable. Jesus told them that they had been give the opportunity to learn the secrets of the kingdom of God. The gospel message does not always take root in people. The devil can take the word from their hearts; some receive the word with joy but do not let it take root in their lives so they stop believing when difficulties come. Some hear the word but let the concerns and material wealth of life prevent the word from growing in their lives. Some hear the word and hold to it faithfully with a heart seeking God and they bear fruit as they endure in this life. (NET ...Luke 8:11 “Now the parable means this: The seed is the word of God.” )
(glc5) Luke 8:16-18 Jesus taught that those who have (glc...have spiritual understanding and faith in Jesus) will be given more, but those who don’t have (NET...those who don’t heed His word) will have their little taken from them (NET...and have absolutely nothing).
(glc4 glc5) Luke 8:19-21 Jesus’ mother and brothers came to where Jesus was but could not speak directly to Him because of the large crowd. (NET...nothing in the text implies the brothers were actually cousins) Those who hear the word of God and do it are Jesus’ family
(glc3 glc5) Luke 8:22-25 Jesus and the disciples were crossing the lake in a boat. A strong storm arose and the boat was taking on water. Jesus rebuked the storm and it became calm. Jesus asked them to have faith. The disciples were amazed and in wonder of Jesus that he could command the winds and waves.
(glc1 glc3 glc4 glc5) Luke 8:26-39 In the region of the Gerasenes (NET...Gentile land on southeast side of the Sea of Galilee) Jesus frees a man who had been possessed by demons. The demons recognized Jesus and cried out “...Jesus, Son of the Most High God!…” (NET...the demons recognized Jesus authority) The demons went into a herd of pigs that were drowned. The herdsmen told what happened to surrounding towns and the countryside. People came and saw the freed man in his right mind. But the people feared Jesus and his authority rather than welcoming him. Jesus told the freed man to tell people what God had done for him. Jesus got into the boat and left. This man spread what God did for him (glc...the gospel message) in his town about Jesus and his power.
(glc3 glc5) Luke 8:40-56 Jesus and the disciples crossed over the lake to Galilee. A leader of the synagogue pleaded with Jesus to come to his house to see his dying daughter. On the way a woman who had a hemorrhage for 12 years touched Jesus garment and was healed. Jesus knew power had gone out from him and sought out the woman. She humbly confessed why she had touched him and how she had been instantly healed. Jesus told her that her faith had healed her. Messengers from the synagogue leader’s home arrived and told him his daughter had died. Jesus told him to not be afraid but believe and she would be healed. Jesus, Peter, James, John, and the parents went into the house. Jesus took the child’s hand and told her to get up. She regained life.
(glc1 glc2 glc3 glc5) Luke 9:1-6 Jesus gave the 12 disciples power and authority to heal and cast out demons. He sent them to announce the kingdom of God and to heal the sick. The disciples traveled around the whole region, announcing the good news of the kingdom and healing wherever they went. (glc...The gospel message of God’s kingdom was given directly to the people with miraculous evidence.)
(glc2 glc3 glc5) Luke 9:10-17 The 12 apostles returned to Jesus and reported what they had done. Crowds followed Jesus and Jesus taught them about the kingdom of God and healed those who were sick. At the end of the day Jesus had the people sit down (5,000 men, and probably more with women and children). Jesus gave thanks to God for the five loaves and two fish and had the disciples distribute the food. All ate and were satisfied and there were 12 baskets of leftovers.
(glc3 glc5) Luke 9:18-22 On another day, Jesus was praying by himself. The disciples were nearby so he asked them what the people were saying about him. (glc...The disciples would have heard the people talking as they distributed the food v10-17.) They reported what they had heard: John the Baptist (who was killed by Herod earlier), Elijah, an OT prophet who has returned to life. Jesus asked the disciples directly who they thought he was. Peter answered: The Christ (NET...the one who has been anointed) of God. (ESV This had been testified to by angels in Luke 2:11; by Luke writing Luke2:26; by demons Luke 4:41; by Jesus himself Luke 4:18. The disciples know that Jesus is more than a prophet.) Jesus strongly commanded them to not tell this to the people. He explained that he must suffer, be rejected by the religious leaders, be killed, and be raised on the third day.
(glc2 glc3 glc5) Luke 9:23-27 Jesus taught the disciples that those who want to be a follower of him must put aside their own wishes, be willing to suffer, and follow Jesus in his teachings and examples (ESV follow Jesus’ commands; be committed in the face of rejection and persecution, and in Jesus’ day travel with Jesus) If you try to keep your earthly way of life you will lose true life, but if you lose your earthly life because of Jesus you will gain true life. (glc...Life in heaven is more important than everything the world has to offer.) Those who reject Jesus will be rejected when Jesus returns to Earth in the glory of himself, God the Father, and the holy angels. Jesus tells the group that some of them will see the kingdom of God before they die. (ESV Peter, James, John witness the transfiguration, recorded in the next paragraph)
(glc3 glc5) Luke 9:28-36 Jesus took Peter, John, James up a mountain to pray. While Jesus was praying his appearance was changed and his clothes became a bright white. Moses and Elijah appeared with a brightness also and talked with Jesus about the end of his earthly mission that was soon to take place in Jerusalem. The disciples came alert and Peter offered to make shelters for Jesus, Moses, and Elijah. They were enveloped in a cloud and a voice said “This is my Son, my Chosen One. Listen to him!” Then the disciples were alone with Jesus. The disciples did not immediately tell anyone about this experience. (glc….Jesus is the Son of God.)
(glc3 glc5) Luke 9:37-43a On the next day Jesus, Peter, John, James came down from the mountain and were met by a large crowd. A man told Jesus that his son is demon-possessed and is suffering. The other disciples could not cast out the demon. Jesus comments that the people lack faith. Jesus casts out the demon and restores the boy to his father. The crowd was amazed at the power of God. (glc...Jesus has divine power and faith in God.)
(glc4 glc5) Luke 9:43b-45 Jesus told his disciples that he would be betrayed into the control of men. The disciples did not understand what he meant and were too timid to ask for more explanation.
(glc3 glc5) Luke 9:46 – 48 The disciples argued as to which of them was most important. Jesus taught them that the one who is humble and does not strive to be greatest is actually the greatest. Those who show hospitality and concern, as Jesus would, for those with low standing are drawing closer to Jesus, and those who are drawing closer to Jesus are drawing closer to God the Father. (glc...Jesus taught that we should have his outlook and concern for people and not be swayed by society’s view on how to be important.)
(glc5) Luke 9:49-50 Jesus said that those who don’t oppose the disciples are helping them.
(glc4 glc5) Luke 9:51-56 Jesus sent some disciples in advance as he traveled to Jerusalem. Villagers in Samaria would not show hospitality to Jesus and the group because Jesus was going to Jerusalem. (glc...there were hard feelings between Samaria and Jerusalem) James and John asked Jesus if the villagers should be punished. Jesus rebuked them and the group traveled to another village. (ESV Jesus did not compel people to accept him through threat of punishment. He freely offered the gospel. (Matthew 11:28) )
(glc2 glc5) Luke 9:57 – 62 As they were traveling a person said that the would follow Jesus anywhere. Jesus pointed out that he had no home in the world. Jesus told another person to follow him but the man replied he had to go bury his father. Jesus told him to go and proclaim the kingdom of God and let others do the burying. Another person said that they needed to return to their family and say goodbye before following Jesus. Jesus told him that those who start a work and then stop are not in line with the kingdom of God. (NET...”excessive concern for family ties will make the kingdom a lesser priority”)
(glc2 glc5) Luke 10:1-12 Jesus appointed 72 of his followers to go in pairs to minister in the towns Jesus would go to later. They were to heal the sick and tell the people that “The kingdom of God has come upon you!” There are many people to reach with the gospel message and influence of God in their lives. Ask God the Father to send more people to carry the gospel message into the world. Jesus told them not to make special preparations or provisions for the trip, but accept hospitality from the villages they go to. If the people did not welcome them they were to publicly reject the town and tell them “Nevertheless know this: The kingdom of God has come.” The towns that reject you will receive God’s judgment. (NET...”rejecting the messengers with their current message about the coming kingdom is even more serious that the worst sins of Sodom and Gomorrah and will result in even more severe punishment.”)
(glc3 glc5) Luke 10:16 Those who pay attention to the messengers Jesus sends are paying attention to Jesus. The people who reject Jesus’ messengers are rejecting Jesus and God the Father.
(glc3 glc5) Luke 10:17-20 The 72 returned to Jesus with enthusiasm and reported that even the demons submitted as the messengers used Jesus authority. Jesus told the messengers that he was aware that Satan’s influence in the universe had been diminished. (ESV...”Satan’s authority and power over people has been decisively broken.”) Jesus had given the 72 protection against the weapons of Satan. The messengers were reminded that they should be more glad that their names were written in heaven than that the demons submitted to them. (glc...You should take care of, and have regard for, your own spiritual condition over the showy, public, results of your ministry on Earth.
(glc1 glc5) Luke 10:21-24 Jesus rejoiced and was lifted in enthusiasm in the Holy Spirit. He praised God the Father, the Lord of the universe, because of God’s plan to reveal spiritual truth to those the world called lowly, and hid those things from those who had self-confidence in their human wisdom. Jesus acknowledged that God the Father had given Jesus all things. Jesus spoke that no one knows Jesus like God the Father, and no one knows God the Father except Jesus, and those Jesus to whom Jesus reveals God the Father. (glc...An understanding of God is part of the gospel message.)
(glc2 glc5) Luke 10:23,24 Jesus spoke privately to the disciples and told them they were blessed to have seen the kingdom present in the world. Many Old Testament prophets and kings wanted to see and hear, but did not, what the disciples have seen and heard. (glc….Jesus brought new understanding and new influence of the kingdom of God into the world.)
(glc1 glc5) Luke 10:25-37 A religious leader and expert in Jewish law interrogated Jesus about how to inherit eternal life. Jesus asked the expert how he would answer this question from the Jewish law. The expert answered, “Love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your strength, and with all your mind, and love your neighbor as yourself.” Jesus told him with authority that he was correct and that he should do this. (glc...Jesus had the expert deliver the gospel message.) The expert wanted a loophole for his thoughts and actions towards people so he asked Jesus to define “neighbor.” Jesus told him the parable of the Good Samaritan in which a person had been attacked by robbers on the road from Jerusalem to Jericho (glc...about 17 miles, so some distance from a source of help) and left for dead. Separately, a Jewish priest and a Levite traveled on the road, saw the man, and kept their distance as they walked by without helping. But a Samaritan (glc...Samaritans were thought to be ungodly by the Jews.) had compassion on the injured man, took the man to an inn, and paid for his care. Jesus asked the expert in Jewish law who was the neighbor to the injured man. The expert said the one who showed mercy to the man. Jesus told the expert to behave like the man who helped the injured man.
(glc4 glc5) Luke 10:38-42 Jesus and the disciples entered a village and went to the house of Martha and Mary (ESV...in Bethany, also home to Lazarus. The record of Jesus raising Lazarus form the dead is in John chapter 11.) Jesus welcomed Mary’s listening to his teachings. (glc...Jesus had regard for the spiritual condition of women.) Martha was too busy making preparations for hosting the group to listen to Jesus. Jesus said his teachings were more important than housework.
(glc2 glc5) Luke 11: 1-4 The disciples asked Jesus to teach them to pray. Jesus model for prayer was to honor God (ESV...that “God’s name, his reputation, would be treated with reverence”), pray that God’s kingdom would arrive (ESV...”God’s rule would advance in people’s hearts and lives; and the future completion when Jesus returns to Earth), pray for daily needs, ask for forgiveness of sin (ESV...continual confession of sin 1 John 1:9) and commit to forgive others if they sin against you (Ephesians 4:32; Matthew 18:21,22 ) , ask for protection from entering into sin. (James 1:12-15 Our own desires lead to temptation. God doesn’t lead us into sin. ) (Matthew 26:41; Luke 22:40,46 ; 2 Peter 2:9; Revelation 3:10)
(glc5) Luke 11:5-13 Ask, continually, and you will receive, seek and you will find. (glc...pray in line with God’s character and will) (Romans 8:28; 1 Corinthians 2:9) The heavenly father gives good gifts and will give the Holy Spirit to those who ask him.
(glc2 glc3 glc5) Luke 11:14-23 Jesus cast a demon out of a man and that man, who could not speak before this, began to speak. Some people said Jesus was using Satan’s power to cast out demons. Jesus said if that was the case then Satan’s forces were working against themselves. And ask others who (ESV...attempt to ) cast out demons what their source of power is. Jesus casts out demons by God’s power and the kingdom of God has come. (NET...the presence of God’s authority has arrived) Those who don’t align with Jesus teachings are against him.
(glc5) Luke 11:27-28 It is more important to take into you the word of God and obey it than to revere the godly actions of others.
(glc3 glc5) Luke 11:29-32 Jesus said to a larger crowd that people living now are wicked and are looking for an overwhelming sign before they believe in him and his teaching. Jesus said that the main sign would be similar to Jonah who lived after being swallowed by the whale and being out of sight for a number of days. Jesus said his presence was more important than Solomon or Jonah. People responded to these but are not responding to Jesus.
(glc5) Luke 11:37-41 A religious leader was upset that Jesus did not perform ceremonial washing before eating. Jesus told him that the religious leaders follow ceremonial rules but have sin inside them. Jesus told them to think clearly and show love to others. That will put them in the right spiritual condition.
(glc5) Luke 11:42-44 Jesus pronounced a warning to the spiritual leaders that they were following their traditions without having a love for people and God. The religious leaders were interested in putting on a show for people and having a high place in the society but they were contaminating the general population.
(glc5) Luke 11:45 – 54 Other religious leaders told Jesus they were also insulted by him. Jesus warned them also that they were burdening the people and not helping them. Jesus said they were hypocrites (ESV) for honoring the prophets that their ancestors had killed. The people will be held accountable for the persecution and deaths of apostles and prophets. (glc...The people were not following the instructions given by the OT prophets so they were aligning themselves with those who had persecuted and killed those prophets.) The religious leaders would be held accountable for not leading people closer to God. After this encounter, the religious leaders tried to antagonize Jesus and trap Jesus with words he might say.
(glc5) Luke 12:4-7 Jesus told his disciples to not fear men, but fear God, who has the authority and the ability to assign people to hell (NET...Gehenna...in the time between the Old Testament writings and New Testament writings this term was associated “as the place of divine punishment.” God is aware of even the smallest things that happen on Earth.
(glc3 glc5) Luke 12:8-12 Jesus will claim as his own in heaven those who put their faith in Jesus, and let people one Earth know this. Jesus will deny association with those who deny association with Jesus to people on Earth. Those who speak against Jesus can be forgiven, but those who speak against the Holy Spirit will not be forgiven. (ESV and glc...recall that Peter denied knowing Jesus after Jesus was arrested, but he was accepted by Jesus after the resurrection of Jesus. Consistently, and firmly, rejecting the Holy Spirit puts a person in the position of denying God and in a position of not asking God for forgiveness.) The Holy Spirit will help those followers of Jesus who are arrested and tried by religious leaders and those in authority as to what they should say.
(glc5) Luke 12:13-21 Jesus taught people to avoid greed, because life is more than just possessions. Those who just rely on, and keep, their possessions, and are not generous with God, will be called a fool by God at the end of their lives.
(glc2 glc5) Luke 12:22-34 Jesus told his disciples to not worry about what they will eat or what clothes they will wear. There is much more to life than these things. God takes care of the birds and people are much more valuable. God takes care of the world of plants and animals and will take care of you. God knows you need food and clothing. Seek to be in God’s kingdom and God will take care of you. God wants you to be in his kingdom (glc...under the influence of his character). Don’t be firmly attached to your possessions, take care of the poor. Store up treasure in heaven (NET...serve others and honor God) where it will not decay or be stolen. If you store valuable things in heaven, your attention, devotion, and thinking will be on heavenly matters also.
(glc5) Luke 12:35-40 Be ready to serve God and don’t forget Him. God will take care of those who serve God. Jesus will even encounter people when they don’t expect him, be ready.
(glc5) Luke 12:41-48 Blessed is the servant who works even when the master is not nearby. That servant will be given more responsibilities. If the servant thinks too much of himself or herself and mistreats people, the master will arrive when he is not expected and put the bad servant with the unfaithful people. Those who have more spiritual understanding and responsibilities will have more expected from them. (glc...This can be applied to Christians.)
(glc3 glc5) Luke 12:49-53 Jesus’s ministry jostled society out of its comfortable state. Jesus knew he was facing a hard time the cross. Jesus did not come to Earth to continue and perpetuate the human way of living. He came knowing that some would follow him and others would not and there would be conflict between those groups.
(glc5) Luke 12:54-56 Jesus chided people for being able to read warnings in the weather but being unable to grasp the message he was bringing.
(glc5) Luke 13:1-5 Jesus called on people to not look on those who were persecuted by Pilate as worse sinners than people who were not persecuted, or those who were killed when a tower fell (glc...perhaps Siloam is an neighborhood in Jerusalem near the Pool of Siloam), but to repent or they would be destroyed. (glc...don’t compare yourself to others to try to validate yourself, do what is right for you, have faith in Jesus.)
(glc5) Luke 13:6-9 (glc...Those who don’t bear fruit for God are in danger of being cut off from God. Get spiritual food, grow, and be in service to God. If you refuse to serve God you can expect to be cut off from God.)
(glc3 glc5) Luke 13:10- 17 Jesus was teaching in a synagogue on the Sabbath. Jesus healed a woman who had a physical infirmity brought on by an evil spirit. The religious leader in the synagogue complained that she should have been healed on a non-Sabbath day (glc...to follow tradition of not working on the Sabbath). Jesus called this statement hypocritical because he knew they would help an animal they owned get water on the Sabbath. A person should be helped on the Sabbath (glc...and other days). Those who were opposing Jesus were humiliated. Most of the people were rejoicing at the good things Jesus was doing.
(glc2 glc5) Luke 13:18-21 Jesus compared the kingdom of God to the situation where a small seed grew into a tree and provided a home for birds. He also compared the kingdom of God to yeast that makes the dough rise and grow. (glc...The kingdom of God started small with Jesus ministry but it did not stay small, it grew and affects many lives.)
(glc2 glc4 glc5) Luke 13:22-30 On his way to Jerusalem, Jesus traveled through towns and taught. A person asked if only a few would be saved. (glc...find everlasting life with God). Jesus said you should strive to enter the kingdom of God even though it is difficult and not all will be enter to enter. Seek to know God and to be known by Him. Those who don’t have a relationship with God will be barred from being with God. Many people who started out far from connection with God will change and will be welcomed in heaven. Some who come to God last will be before those who came to God first. (Matthew 19:30; 20:16)
(glc3 glc4 glc5) Luke 13:31-35 Some religious leaders encouraged Jesus to get away from Jerusalem, saying Herod wants to kill you. (glc...perhaps they just wanted to get Jesus away from their religious territory) Jesus told them to take a message to Herod that he is casting out demons and performing healings for two days and on the third day he will complete his work. Jesus stated that a prophet should be killed in Jerusalem. Jesus lamented over Jerusalem’s hesitancy to come to Jesus for protection. (NET ...house forsaken...is similar to Jeremiah 12:7 and 22:5) Jesus said they would not see him until they say, ‘blessed is the one who comes in the name of the Lord’ ( Psalm 118:26 NET...the coming judgment would last until the Lord returns. (Luke 19:41-44) (ESV...”a prediction that large numbers of Jews will trust in Jesus before his second coming”)
(glc5) Luke 14:1-6 Jesus went to eat at the house of a religious leader on a Sabbath. They watched as Jesus saw a man with a physical problem. Jesus asked the religious leaders if it was lawful to heal on the Sabbath, but they did not answer him verbally. Jesus healed the man. Jesus asked the religious leaders if they would help one of their sons or their valuable animal that had fallen into a well on the Sabbath. Again the religious leaders did not answer. (glc...Jesus was pointing out that the religious leaders were putting religious traditions ahead of helping people.)
(glc5) Luke 14:6-11 Jesus saw how people were selecting the best seat they could at the meal. Jesus taught that those who choose a place of high honor may be humbled by the host when the host wants to give that seat to someone else. Jesus taught that it is better to choose a seat of low honor and have the host direct you to a seat of higher honor. If this happens you will be noticed by the others at the meal. Those who take it upon themselves to claim honor will be humbled, bu those who have a humble attitude will be given honor. (glc...It is likely that this teaching was for the religious leaders, who liked to be honored in public. But it is a teaching all should consider.)
(glc5) Luke 14:12-14 Jesus told the religious leader who invited him to the meal not to just invite those who are likely to invite the religious leader to their dinners. The religious leader should invite the poor and those who have physical difficulties. Those who do this will be blessed by God and receive a reward at the resurrection of those who are righteous.
(glc2 glc5) Luke 14:15-24 A person attending the meal with Jesus said that everyone is blessed who will feast in the kingdom of God. Jesus told a parable of a man who planned to give a great banquet and invited many guests. When the man sent his servant to tell those who were invited to come, many made excuses as to how their earthly affairs prevented them from coming to the banquet. The man was very angry and sent his servant to go into the public streets and alleys to bring the poor and those with physical infirmities to the banquet. Then the man told the servant to go to the surrounding territory to bring in more people to the banquet. The man said that those who were invited but refused to come would not taste the banquet. (glc...An application is that many were rejecting Jesus invitation to draw closer to god and enter God’s kingdom. God will welcome those who are disregarded by society and those outside of the local society (Gentiles) to take part in the kingdom of God.)
(glc4 glc5) Luke 14:25-33 Large crowds followed Jesus. Jesus taught them that those who don’t value him more than their immediate family, and even their life, cannot be his disciple. Their is a cost to being a disciple of Jesus. Everyone must come to the decision that following Jesus is more valuable than earthly possessions and relationships.
(glc5) Luke 14:34-35 (ESV...”If the conditions of discipleship are not kept, the disciples likewise become less than worthless.” Revelation 3:15-17)
(glc3 glc5) Luke 15:1-10 Jesus welcomed those that the religious leaders would not associate with, tax collectors and sinners. Jesus told the religious leaders a parable about the person who had 100 sheep but one became lost. A person would look for the lost sheep and rejoice when it was found. There is more joy in heaven when a sinner repents than for 99 righteous people who don’t need to repent. (ESV...meaning those who think they are righteous and don’t need to repent) a woman will rejoice when she finds a lost coin in the house. Again, there is joy among God’s angels when one sinner repents.
(glc5) Luke 15:11-32 Jesus gave another example of rejoicing about an outcome. The younger son asked for his share of the inheritance, left home, and squandered his wealth. The younger son realized his error and went home to tell his father how he had sinned against heaven and against his father. The father warmly welcomed the son and the household celebrated. When the older son came home from working in the field he was angry at the celebration. The father tells the older son that all he has belongs to him. (glc...he should be thankful for what he has) The father tells the older son that the celebration is appropriate because the brother is not dead, but alive; lost but now is found. (glc...always rejoice when a person repents and seeks God.)
(glc5) Luke 16:1-9 A rich steward was discovered to have mishandled the wealth of his master. The rich steward gained favor with those who owed money to the master by reducing their debt to the master. The master commended the steward for the plan for the steward’s future welfare. Jesus said that you should use your earthly possessions to make friends so when that wealth is gone you will be welcomed into eternal homes. (glc...don’t cling to earthly wealth, use it to help people)
(glc5) Luke 16:10-13 Jesus taught that your behavior in small things will show how you will handle more important situations. If you make bad decisions in small matters, people will not trust you with more important matters. You cannot be focused on, and devoted to money, and also be focused on, and devoted to God.
(glc5) Luke 16:14-15 Jesus told the religious leaders (who were focused on money) they were justifying themselves for people but God knew their motives. The things earthly society values have no value and are completely disliked by God.
(glc2 glc5) Luke 16:16-17 Jesus taught that the law and teachings of the prophets were the guiding rule until the ministry of John the Baptist. But now, the good news of the kingdom of God has been preached, and all should seek to enter into it. This does not mean that the law is void, (glc...but you should go beyond the letter of the law and into the new teachings of Jesus.)
(glc5) Luke 16:18 Jesus gives an example of the decision of Moses to grant divorce that this action violates God’s law about adultery. (see Matthew 5:31,32; Mathew 19:1-12; Mark 10:1-12; 1 Corinthians 7:10-15)
(glc3 glc5) Luke 16:19-31 Jesus told a story of a rich man who lived a well-fed and easy life, and a poor man who was hungry and not helped by anyone. The poor man died and was brought to heaven. The rich man died and was in torment in hell. The rich man called to Abraham in heaven for help. Abraham told the formerly rich man that there is an uncrossable gap between heaven and hell. (ESV...”the fate of the dead is irreversible”) The formerly rich man asked Abraham to send the formerly poor man to warn his brothers on Earth so they would change their behavior. Abraham told the formerly rich man that the brothers should pay attention to Moses and the prophets and that if the brothers don’t respond to Moses and the prophets they would not change their ways even if someone rises from the dead. (ESV...”refusal to repent and the corresponding refusal to believe the gospel is not primarily due to a lack of evidence but to a hardened heart.” Mark 8:17; John 11:37-40; Hebrews 3:7-11;15;4:7)
(glc5) Luke 17:7-10 (glc Those who serve God should not expect special treatment or praise for doing what God directs them to do. Do what God expects you to do.)
(glc4 glc5) Luke 17:11-19 As Jesus was traveling towards Jerusalem ten lepers met him but kept some distance from Jesus. They asked Jesus, acknowledging Him as Mater, for mercy (glc...healing). Jesus directed them to show themselves to the priest for ritual affirmation of being healed, and as they walked they were healed. Only one, a Samaritan, not a pure Jew, came back to Jesus praising God and thanking Jesus. Jesus told him he could go on his way. The man’s faith had healed him.
(glc2 glc5) Luke 17:20-21 The religious leaders asked Jesus when the kingdom of God would arrive. Jesus replied that it was not coming with dramatic signs (glc...in the sky as the Jews expected). Jesus told them that the kingdom of God is among them right now (glc...Jesus brought the truth and influence of the kingdom of God).
(glc3 glc5) Luke 17:22-37 Jesus taught the disciples that they would want to have Him with them again but He would not be on Earth. Jesus warned them not to follow false proclamations that Jesus had returned. Jesus return will be glorious and visible to all. But before the return Jesus must suffer and be rejected by the Jews. Just before Jesus returns people will be doing their daily activities as usual. Then Jesus will come suddenly. Then, people should not rely, and turn to, earthly possessions. They should reject their ties to an earthly life and accept a heavenly life. Not everyone will be taken into heaven. (ESV Matthew 24:38 It will be impossible to not see this event.)
(glc3 glc5) Luke 18:1-8 Jesus taught the disciples about continuing in faithful prayer using a parable. A widow got justice from a unrighteous judge by persisting in her request. God will give justice to those who align themselves with Him. (ESV...When Jesus returns to Earth He will look for those who are faithful.)
(glc5) Luke 18:9-14 Jesus taught some self-righteous people by using a parable. A religious leader prayed to God about the good actions the religious leader had done. A tax collector admitted his sin to God and asked for mercy. It was the tax collector who got God’s approval. Those who exalt themselves will be humbled and those who humble themselves (glc...and ask for help) will be exalted (glc...in God’s eyes).
(glc2 glc5) Luke 18:15-17 The disciples tried to keep children away from Jesus. Jesus called the children to come to Him and explained that the kingdom of God belongs to people who are like children (glc...those who seek God with enthusiasm and faith). Jesus said that to enter the kingdom of God you must have a simple, trusting, seeking, faith.
(glc2 glc5) Luke 18:18-30 A rich religious leader asked Jesus how he could inherit eternal life. Jesus probed him a little to see if he was identifying Jesus with God. Jesus knew the man was familiar with the commandments: “ Do not commit adultery, do not murder, do not steal, do not give false testimony, honor your father and mother.” The man rejoiced briefly and said that he had been keeping these commandments for many years. Jesus said the man was falling short in one area and asked the man to sell all his possessions and give the money to the poor so he would have treasure in heaven. The man became sad (glc...and chose earthly wealth over Jesus). Jesus remarked that it is difficult for the rich to enter the kingdom of heaven, but God can make it possible. (ESV... repent and follow Jesus Luke 18:28-30; Luke 19:1-10)
(glc3 glc5) Luke 18:31-34 Jesus talked to the twelve disciples privately and told them that the Old Testament prophecies about Him would be fulfilled. He said He would be given to the Gentiles (glc...Romans), mocked, mistreated, spat upon, flogged, and killed. But on the third day he would rise to life. The disciples did not understand what he was saying.
(glc4 glc5) Luke 18:35-43 When Jesus was near Jericho (about 17 miles from Jerusalem) a blind man called respectfully to Jesus and asked for mercy (glc...healing). People in the crowd told the man to be quiet but he persisted. Jesus had the man brought to Him and asked the man what he wanted Jesus to do for him. The man asked to be able to see again. Jesus healed him, saying that his faith had healed him. The man could see and followed Jesus, praising God. The people who saw this healing also praised God.
(glc4 glc5) Luke 19:1-10 In Jericho Zacchaeus, a tax collector who was short, climbed a tree so he could see Jesus in the crowd. Jesus saw him in the tree and told him to come down and that he wanted to stay at his house. The people complained that Jesus was going to be the guest of a sinner. Zacchaeus told Jesus that he was giving half of his possessions to the poor and paying those he cheated four times the amount of the cheating. Jesus told him that salvation has come today to those living in Zacchaeus’ house. Jesus states that his mission on Earth is to seek and to save those who are lost (glc...from God).
(glc2 glc5) Luke 19:11-27 Jesus taught the people by using a parable because he knew the people were expecting an immediate appearance of the kingdom of God. In the parable a nobleman planned to travel to a distant country to receive a kingdom, and then he would return. He gave money to ten of his slaves and told them to do business with the money until he returned. The public hated the nobleman and sent representatives to try to prevent the nobleman from becoming their king. When the nobleman returned he held an accounting of his slaves to see what they had earned with the money they were given. Two slaves who had doubled the money were congratulated and rewarded with authority over cities in the new king’s kingdom. A slave who just hid the money and did not do any business admitted he feared the king because he knew the king was a demanding man. The king said that this slave should have at least put the money in a bank to earn interest. The small amount of money was taken from the slave and given to the slave who had earned the most money with what he had been given. The king told the people that those who did well with the money will be given more and those who did not do well will have their money taken away. Then the king had those who opposed him becoming king killed. (glc… Obey Jesus and be a good servant of Him. Those who oppose Jesus will be judged and sent to hell.)
(glc3 gl4 glc5) Luke 19:28-40 Jesus went towards Jerusalem. Bethphage, Bethany, and the Mount of Olives are 2 to 3 miles outside the walls of Jerusalem. Jesus told two disciples into a village to get a colt and bring it to Jesus. Jesus rode the colt towards Jerusalem. The crowd of Jesus’ followers laid their cloaks on the road in front of the colt. The crowd rejoiced and praised God for all the miracles they had witnessed. They shouted “Blessed is the king who comes in the name of the Lord!” (Psalm 118:26), and, “Peace in heaven and glory in the highest!” Some of the religious leaders in the group told Jesus to stop the praises of the group. Jesus said that if the people stopped praising the stones would cry out praise. (glc...Praise was appropriate in this situation and the creation would put forth praise if the people didn’t speak praises.)
(glc4 glc5) Luke 19:41-44 Near Jerusalem Jesus wept over the situation of Jerusalem (glc...lack of understanding of Jesus as the visitation of God to the people...and future destruction of the city)
(glc4 glc5) Luke 19:45-48 Jesus drove out the merchants from the temple courts who were making profits from what should have been a place of prayer. Jesus taught every day in the temple courts. The religious leaders and city leaders were discussing how to kill Jesus but His popularity with the people prevented them.
(glc3 glc5) Luke 20:1-8 Jesus was in the temple courts, teaching the people and preaching the gospel when the religious leaders questioned his authority to teach and preach. Jesus asked them to tell him if they thought John the Baptist’s ministry was authorized by heaven or by people. The religious leaders realized that if they answered “by heaven” Jesus could tell them they should have been influenced by that ministry, but if they answered “by people” the people would stone him because the people held John the Baptist to be a prophet. The religious leaders replied that they did not know the source of John the Baptist’s ministry. Jesus then replied that he would not tell them where his authority came from.
(glc2 glc5) Luke 20:9-19 Jesus told a parable of a man who planted a vineyard, leased it to farmers, and then was gone along time on a journey. At the time for harvest, the man sent a slave to get the man’s share of the crop. The tenants mistreated the slave and sent him away with nothing. Two more times a slave was sent and the slave was mistreated and sent away with nothing. The man sent his son, who should have been respected by the farmers. Instead the farmers plotted and killed him thinking they would then own the vineyard. The man who owns the vineyard will then destroy the farmers and give the vineyard to others. The people said this event should never happen. (NET...The people understood Jesus’ message.) Jesus asked them to ponder on Psalm 118:22,23 ‘The stone the builders rejected has become the cornerstone.’ (ESV...this is also quoted in Acts 4:11 and 1 Peter 2:7) Those who fall on this stone will be broken. (ESV...see Isaiah 8:14,15 and 1 Peter 2:8... Jesus is referring to those who stumble at, and reject, Jesus as the Messiah. ) The person on whom the stone falls will be crushed. (ESV...When Jesus returns to Earth there will be judgment.)
(glc5) Luke 20:20-26 The religious leaders kept close watch on Jesus and sent their spies to see if Jesus would say or act in a way that would be grounds for taking Jesus to the Roman governor for judgment. These spies flattered Jesus and then asked him if it was right to pay tax to Caesar. Jesus asked them to show him a coin. The coin had Caesar’s image and inscription. Jesus told them to give to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s and to give to God the things that are God’s. Jesus was not trapped by the spies questions. They were amazed by his answer and did not try to trap Him anymore.
(glc3 glc5) Luke 20:27-40 Some religious leaders who did not believe in any resurrection posed a situation to Jesus. Moses left instructions (Deuteronomy 25:5-10) that if a man married a woman and then he died before children were born, a brother of the man should marry the woman and they should have children. The religious leaders posed a situation where this happened seven times (seven successive husbands for the one woman). The religious leaders asked which man the woman would have as husband in heaven. Jesus taught that marriage is for the time on Earth, but those who are worthy to be in heaven after the resurrection from the dead do not have a marriage relationship in heaven. Heaven is not like Earth, people don’t die in heaven so this marriage pattern on Earth is not repeated in heaven. The people in heaven are like angels and are sons of the resurrection.
(glc3 glc5) Luke 20:41-44 Jesus asked the religious leaders to explain Psalm 100:1 where David addresses the Messiah as Lord but how can Messiah be David’s son? (glc...Messiah is greater than David but is in the of David for human genealogy.)
(glc5) Luke 20:45-47 Many people were listening as Jesus spoke to his disciples. Jesus told them to beware of the religious leaders who love to be honored by people but mistreat widows. Those people will receive severe punishment.
(glc5) Luke 21:5-19 People asked Jesus when the end times would come and what were the signs they should look for. Jesus warned them to not be misled. He said that many would say that they are Jesus and that the end of times has arrived. Don’t follow them. There will be wars and rebellions before the end times arrive. There will be armed conflict between nations, great earthquakes, famines, plagues, terrifying signs in the sky. But before these things, the followers of Jesus will be persecuted and tried before the authorities. When this happens the followers of Jesus should be witnesses for Jesus. Jesus will give them words to speak and wisdom that opponents of Jesus’ followers will not be able to contradict. Family members and friends will betray some of Jesus’ followers that will lead to deaths of Jesus’ followers. But the followers who endure will save their (glc...eternal) lives.
(glc3 glc5) Luke 21: 25-29 Before and near the time of the return of Jesus to Earth there will be signs in the sky and turbulence in the oceans. People will have great fear of what is coming in the days ahead of them because of the disturbances in the natural world. Then people will see the Son of Man (glc...Jesus) arriving in a cloud with power and great glory. The followers of Jesus should stand up with hope and confidence, and realize their redemption is near.
(glc2 glc5) Luke 21:30-33 Jesus told the people to remember how they see the trees sprout leaves and inform them that summer is near. People should see the signs Jesus listed and know that the kingdom of God is near. You can be sure that the end times will be accomplished in less time than a generation (glc...Matthew 24:34; Mark 13:30 ; ESV … generation could mean a) people with a certain quality; b) Jewish people; c) believers; d) unbelievers; e) people alive when the end-times signs start) (glc...there will be a completion of the signs and then Jesus will return to Earth).
(glc3 glc5) Luke 21:34-36 Jesus told the people to not be distracted or occupied with worthless activities or drunkenness or everyday problems such that the end times come upon them by surprise and they are unprepared. Everyone on Earth will experience the end time events. Keep spiritually alert and pray that God would strengthen you to endure what takes place (glc...keep your faith in Jesus) so you would stand before the Son of Man (glc...confidently stand before Jesus in heaven).
(glc5) Luke 21:37,38 Jesus taught the people during the day in the temple courts and spent the night on the Mount of Olives (glc...about a half-mile away). People came to hear Jesus at the temple early in the morning.
(glc5) Luke 22:1-6 Passover (glc...Passover occurs at the time of a Full Moon phase) was getting near. The religious leaders were seeking how they could have Jesus killed, but they were afraid of the people who had high regard for Jesus. Satan influenced Judas, one of the twelve disciples, to discuss with the religious leaders how he could betray Jesus. Judas began looking for opportunities when Jesus would not have a large crowd around Him.
(glc4) Luke 22:7-13 At the start of Passover preparations Jesus sent Peter and John to prepare the Passover meal for the group. Jesus told them how to find a guest room for the meal and they found the room and prepared the Passover meal.
(glc2 glc3 glc5) Luke 22:14-20 Jesus and the twelve apostles joined Jesus at the table for the meal. Jesus told them that He wanted to eat the Passover meal with them before He suffered at the hands of His opponents. Jesus told them He would not eat a Passover meal after this until the Passover is fulfilled in the kingdom of God. Jesus gave thanks for the cup of wine and told them to divide it among themselves. Then He told them He would not drink wine again until the kingdom of God comes. He divided the bread, gave thanks, and gave it to the apostles saying it represented his body that is given for them. He told the apostles to do this in remembrance of Him. He also took the cup of wine and told them that it represented the new covenant in His blood.
(glc5) Luke 22:21-23 Jesus told them that His betrayer was at the table. Jesus would follow God’s plan but there is destruction for the betrayer. The apostles questioned each other as to who would be the betrayer.
(glc5) Luke 22:24-27 The apostles disputed as to which one of them should be identified as the greatest. Jesus taught them that the person who is the greatest should act like the youngest and serve. Jesus told them to look at his example. (glc...He had just served them the bread and wine.)
(glc2 glc5) Luke 22:28-30 Jesus acknowledged that the apostles had stayed with Him in difficult circumstances. He granted to them a kingdom, just as God the Father granted a kingdom to Him. His followers would eat and drink at Jesus table in His kingdom, and sit on thrones to judge the twelve tribes of Israel.
(glc5) Luke 22:31-38 Jesus told the apostles that they must make preparations with money, travel supplies, a sword, now when they go out. Isaiah 53:12 “And he was counted with the transgressors” must be fulfilled. (NET... Though completely innocent, Jesus dies as if he were a criminal.)
(glc3 glc4 glc5) Luke 22:39-46 Jesus walked on the usual way with the apostles to the Mount of Olives. (glc...to make it easy for Judas to find Him) Jesus told them to pray that they would not fall into temptation. (ESV...temptation to deny Jesus) (NET...see Luke 22:28-38 Satan’s challenge to defect) Jesus went a distance away (ESV...alone but close enough for the disciples to hear Him pray) He expressed his desire to not go through what He knew was about to take place, but he submitted to the will of God the Father. An angel from heaven ministered to Him. Jesus prayed even more fervently. When Jesus went back to the disciples they were sleeping. Jesus told them to pray again that they wouldn’t fall into temptation. (glc...We may be let down by our friends but we can rely on God.)
(glc4 glc5) Luke 22:47-53 A crowd appeared, led by Judas. Judas gave Jesus a kiss and Jesus told Judas it was not good to betray Him with a kiss. The disciples with Jesus saw the danger and asked if they should fight with swords. One of the disciples cut off the right ear of a servant of the high priest. Jesus stopped the fight and healed the man’s ear. Jesus told the religious leaders they shouldn’t be after Him with swords and clubs as if He was an outlaw. Jesus remarked that He had been in the temple courts for several days and they had not arrested Him. But Jesus submitted, knowing that it was the time for evil to appear to dominate.
(glc4) Luke 22:54-62 Jesus was arrested and led to the high priest’s house. Peter followed the group at a safe distance and then sat by a fire outside the house. Peter was identified as being with Jesus by 1) a slave girl, another person, and another person over the span of an hour but Peter denied their allegations. Then a rooster crowed and Jesus looked at Peter. Peter remembered that Jesus told him he would deny Jesus. Peter went outside the property and wept bitterly. (NET...Peter did not want to fail Jesus and was deeply grieved that he had. ) (glc...I wonder if any of the other disciples grieved for Jesus situation?)
(glc4) Luke 22:63-65 The men holding Jesus mocked Him and beat Him. Then they blindfolded Him and mocked Him more by telling Jesus to prophecy and name who hit Him.
(glc3 glc4 glc5) Luke 22:66-71 In the morning the religious leaders met and questioned Jesus. They asked Jesus if he was the Christ (glc...Messiah). Jesus answered that they would not believe Him, and if He asked them they would not give a correct answer. Jesus told them that the Son of Man (glc...Jesus) would be seated at the right hand of God. The leaders asked Jesus if He was the Son of God. Jesus answered that they had said so. (NET...”You have said it, but I o not quite mean what you think.”) The leaders recognized Jesus’ meaning and said no more testimony was needed since they had heard it directly from Jesus.
(glc2 glc3 glc4 glc5) Luke 23: 1-12 The Jewish religious leaders took Jesus to the Roman governor Pilate with three charges: subverting the nation (glc...Jesus was upsetting the corrupt influence of the religious leaders); forbidding paying tribute taxes to Caesar (glc...false charge); claiming that He was Christ, a king (glc...true about being the Christ; Jesus did often teach about the kingdom of God, but the religious leaders were implying an earthly kingdom not the spiritual kingdom of Jesus’ teaching.) Pilate asked Jesus if He was the king of the Jews. Jesus replied “You say so.” (NET...this answer “is affirmative”) Pilate is not persuaded that Jesus is a threat to Rome. The religious leaders point out that Jesus has been teaching in a wide area of the country, Galilee, Judea, Jerusalem. Since Galilee was in the jurisdiction of Herod, Pilate sent Jesus to Herod, who happened to be in Jerusalem. Herod questioned Jesus but Jesus did not answer his questions. The religious leaders were forcefully and intensely accusing Jesus before Herod. Herod and his soldiers mocked Jesus. Herod had Jesus dressed in fine clothes and sent Him back to Pilate.
(glc4) Luke 23:13-25 Pilate spoke to the religious leaders and the people of Jerusalem. He told them his examination, and Herod’s examination, did not conclude Jesus was guilty of the charges (glc...again, Jesus was without sin in his life). Pilate offered to have Jesus flogged (glc...whipped severely) and then released. The crowd wanted Jesus kept by the Romans and wanted Barabbas (arrested for insurrection and murder) released. Pilate spoke in favor of Jesus but the crowd shouted that Jesus should be crucified. The crowd’s behavior convinced Pilate that Jesus should be crucified and Barabbas released.
(glc4 glc5) Luke 23:26-31 Jesus was led away to be crucified. Simon of Cyrene was made to carry Jesus’ cross. (ESV...Jesus had been punished before this and may have not been physically able to carry the cross.) Many people followed, mourning for Jesus. Jesus told them not to weep for him but to weep for themselves and their children as the future holds (ESV...”If God did spare His innocent Son (green wood), how much worse will it be when He allows the Romans to unleash His wrath on the nation (dry wood). )
(glc2 glc4 glc5) Luke 23:32-43 Two criminals were crucified with Jesus. Jesus spoke, “Father forgive them, for they don’t know what they are doing.” (NET...”fits a theme in Luke of forgiving enemies Luke 6:27-36 and parallels Stephen’s response in Acts 7:60.”) The Romans threw dice to divide his clothes. (Psalm 22:18) The religious leaders ridiculed and taunted Jesus by saying He should save Himself if He is the Christ of God, His chosen one. The soldiers also mocked Jesus. An inscription had been put on the cross ,”This is the king of the Jews.” One of the crucified criminals also mocked Jesus in the same way, bu the other said they should fear God since they were justly crucified but Jesus had done nothing wrong. This man asked Jesus to remember him when Jesus came into His kingdom. Jesus told him that today he would be with Him in heaven.
(glc3 glc4) Luke 23:44-49 Darkness came over the land from noon to 3 p.m. (glc….not a solar eclipse, which occurs at the New Moon phase, not the Full Moon phase of P Passover, and, a solar eclipse lasts less than 8 minutes at the most. This was a darkness indicting the darkness of the rejection of Jesus by the world. Amos 8:9,10; Exodus 10:21-23; Acts 2:20; Joel 2:20; Amos 5:18,20; Zephaniah 1:15 (glc...God caused an unusual darkness) ) The temple curtain (ESV...the curtain separated the Holy Place from the Most Holy Place in the temple) was torn in two. (glc...Others have described this as a thick barrier, not a simple thin fabric….and this tearing represents Jesus providing access to God through His sacrifice.) Jesus called out loudly, “into your hands I commit my spirit!” (Psalm 31:5 a Psalm of trust) The centurion recognized the situation, praised God, and said Jesus was innocent. The crowds witnessing the crucifixion went home, lamenting what happened. Jesus followers stood at a distance and the women who followed Jesus from Galilee saw what had taken place.
(glc4) Luke 23:50-56 Joseph of Arimathea was a religious leader in Jerusalem who had not agreed with the other leaders to have Jesus killed. Joseph was looking forward to the kingdom of God. Joseph asked Pilate for the body of Jesus, wrapped it in burial cloth, and placed it in a tomb. The Sabbath was about to begin. The women who had followed Jesus from Galilee saw the tomb and how Jesus‘s body had been placed in it. They went to prepare burial spices but they rested on the Sabbath.
(glc3 glc4 glc5 ) Luke 24:1-12 Some women who were followers of Jesus went to the tomb on the day after the Sabbath with the intent to put aromatic spices on Jesus’ body. The tomb was open when they arrived but Jesus’ body was not there. Two angels appeared to them and told them not to look for the living among the dead. The women were frightened. The angels told the women that Jesus had been raised. They told the women to remember Jesus’ words spoken in Galilee that he would be delivered into the hands of sinful men, crucified, and rise again on the third day. The women remembered Jesus had said this and they told all that had happened to the eleven apostles (glc...not Judas) and the other followers of Jesus. The group did not believe the women but Peter went to the tomb and found the grave cloth. Peter went home unsure as to what had happened.
(glc3 glc4 glc5) Luke 24:13-35 Two of Jesus’ followers were walking to the village of Emmaus about seven miles (glc...west) from Jerusalem. They were discussing the recent events in Jerusalem and Jesus (unrecognized) began to walk with them. Jesus asked about what they were discussing. The two men were surprised that their new companion did not know the events. The two men told Him about Jesus the Nazarene, who had powerful deeds and words, was a prophet of God, taken by the religious leaders to the Romans to be crucified. The men had been hoping, along with others, that Jesus would free Israel. They told Him that some women from their group had gone to the tomb and came back to the group with a report that angels had said Jesus was alive. Some of Jesus’ followers had gone to the tomb and found it as the women had described but did not see Jesus. Jesus told the men they all were foolish and slow to believe what the prophets had spoken. Jesus told them it was necessary for the Christ to suffer and then enter his glory. Jesus then gave them His revealing of things written about Jesus in the Old Testament writings of Moses and the prophets. As they approached Emmaus the men asked Jesus to stay with them overnight in the town. As they prepared to eat Jesus blessed the bread, broke it, and gave it to them. Then they realized their new companion was Jesus. Jesus disappeared. The two men exclaimed to each other that their spiritual hearts were awakened when Jesus explained the messages in the Old Testament about Himself. They did not stay in Emmaus overnight but instead went right back to Jerusalem to tell the eleven disciples and Jesus’ followers that Jesus had really risen and had appeared to Simon. The men told the group what had happened on the road.
(glc3 glc4 glc5) Luke 24:36-42 While they were telling what happened, Jesus stood among the group and greeted them with a message of “Peace be with you.” The group was surprised and afraid, thinking they were seeing a ghost. Jesus told them they should not be frightened or doubt and that they could inspect and touch Him. Jesus had bones and flesh. They were not yet fully believing and were overwhelmed with joy. Jesus asked them if they had some food and they watched Jesus eat some fish.
(glc3 glc4 glc5) Luke 24:43-49 Jesus reminded the group what he had told them during his ministry before the crucifixion, that all that was written about Him in the Old Testament in the law of Moses, by the prophets, and in the psalms must be fulfilled. (glc….it might be a worthy study to go through the Old Testament and search for prophecies about Jesus that have not been fulfilled yet.) Jesus helped their minds understand the Old Testament writings and told them that it was written that the Christ must suffer and would rise from the dead on the third day, and repentance for the forgiveness of sins would be proclaimed in His name to the world, beginning at Jerusalem. Jesus told the group they were witnesses of these events. Jesus told them that He was sending them what God the Father promised ( NET...Holy Spirit). Jesus told them to stay in Jerusalem until they had received power (NET...enabling ) from on high. (NET...Holy Spirit at Pentecost … compare Peter’s behavior in Luke 22:54-62 and Acts 2:14-41)
(glc3 glc4) Luke 24:50-53 Jesus led them out to Bethany (NET...about 2 miles from Jerusalem), lifted up His hands and blessed them. As He did this he left them and was taken up to heaven. The group worshiped Jesus and return joyously to Jerusalem. After this they were constantly blessing God in the temple courts.
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JOHN Gospel of John
(QUEST…author “John, the apostle - one of the twelve original disciples of Christ.” written in the range of 80 to 95 A.D.)
(ESV…”The title says that the Gospel was written by John, and other evidence identifies this John as the son of Zebedee.” “The most likely date of writing is the period between A.D. 70 and A.D. 100…”)
(glc) Especially in the first chapter I did not merely paraphrase the verses. I filled in the meanings of words and phrases based on the message of the whole New Testament (and some of the Old Testament). You should read the Gospel of John (and of course the whole Bible) in a good translation (I would suggest ESV English Standard Version … I use the 2008 ESV Study Bible).
(glc3) John 1:1-5 The “Word” refers to Jesus (John 1:14). Jesus is fully God and was closely with God for all time. Jesus participated in the creation of the universe in all of its aspects. Life is in Jesus (Psalm 36:9) and this life is a light that informs and guides us. This light is active in this world that does not follow God and the evil in the world has not extinguished the light. (glc...My comments on vv 1-5 are informed by the whole New Testament and not just a direct paraphrase of vv 1-5.)
(NET...Similar concepts are in John 1 and Genesis 1. John 1:4 “life” and “light; John 1:5 “darkness”. “Genesis 1 describes the first (physical) creation. John 1 describes the new ( spiritual) creation.” But, “the first creation was both physical and spiritual. The new creation is really a re-creation, of the spiritual (first) but also the physical.” )
(glc3 glc4 glc5) John 1:6-13 John the Baptist was sent by God to testify about the light (Jesus) so that people would believe through John’s ministry. John the Baptist was not the light of God but he testified about the light of God (Jesus). The light of God (Jesus) is available for all people. Jesus started ministering to the world after John the Baptist started his ministry. Even though Jesus created the world, the world did not recognize Jesus’ true nature. Jesus came to the Jewish people, the people chosen by God (Which includes Jesus in the Trinity of Father, Son, Holy Spirit) to be His own (described in the Old Testament), but the Jewish people did not accept Him or believe in Him. But those who have received Jesus – trusting his message and accepting his sacrifice for their sins – have been given the standing and certification that they are God’s children – not children in the earthly sense of natural children in families, but by God’s decision and action of providing a way for people to be acceptable, made righteous in God’s sight, and spiritually adopted into God’s family.
(glc3 glc4 glc5) John 1:14-18 Jesus was born into this world and lived among people. (glc...The author, John, lived with Jesus for about three years. John is a firsthand witness about Jesus.) The followers of Jesus saw His glory (glc...His power in miracles, His character in his actions and teachings) and affirm that Jesus came from God the Father in heaven. John the Baptist testified about Jesus and proclaimed that Jesus was the one John had been talking about. He proclaimed that Jesus was greater than John the Baptist because he existed before John (glc...before all people...and before the universe we know existed). The world has received from Jesus many gracious gifts. The Old Testament Law was given to the Jewish people through Moses, but the message of grace and truth came through Jesus Christ. No person has seen God, but Jesus, who is God and is in the closest connection with God the Father, has made God known to people. (glc...Jesus gave a fuller revelation of God than what was understood by the people of the Old Testament.)
(glc3) John 1:19-28 Representatives from the religious leaders in Jerusalem came to John the baptist to investigate him. John admitted that he was not the Christ (glc...Messiah). John told them he was not Elijah (Elijah was prophesied to return before the “great and dreadful day of the Lord” -- Malachi 4:5,6) . John told them he was not the “Prophet.” (NET...a prophet like Moses...Deuteronomy 18:15) The representatives asked John to identify himself so they could bring back a report to the religious leaders in Jerusalem. John told them he was “the voice of one shouting in the wilderness, ‘Make straight the way for the Lord,” (Isaiah 40:3) The representatives asked John why he was baptizing people if he was not a special person (glc...Messiah, Elijah, Prophet). John told them that he was just baptizing with water but there was a person living now who they did not know about, and who would have a ministry after John. John told them that he was of no worth compared to this person. This took place across the Jordan River where John was baptizing people (NET...location uncertain).
(glc1 glc3 glc4 glc5) John 1:29-34 On the next day John saw Jesus walking toward him and said, “See, the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world! John said that Jesus was the person he described (glc...in verse 27) as better than John. John did not realize the status of Jesus before this time (ESV...verse 32-34 God sent a sign to reveal Jesus to John (glc...and the world) with the Spirit descending on Jesus.), but John’s ministry was to baptize with water so Jesus could be revealed to Israel. (glc...this marks the start of Jesus’ ministry). John testified that he saw the Holy Spirit descend like a dove from heaven and remain on Jesus, and that Jesus will baptize with the Holy Spirit. John personally saw this and proclaimed that Jesus is the Chosen One of God (ESV...Son of God).
(glc3 glc4 glc5) John 1:35-39 On the next day John directed the attention of two of his disciples to Jesus and told them, “Look, the Lamb of God!” Those disciples followed Jesus after this time. Jesus asked them what they wanted. They addressed Jesus as “Teacher” and asked where Jesus was staying. Jesus told them to follow Him and they stayed near Jesus that day.
(glc4) John 1:40-42 Andrew, Simon Peter’s brother, was one of the two disciples of John who decided to follow Jesus. Andrew found Simon and told Simon they had found the Messiah. Andrew led Simon to Jesus. Jesus greeted Simon by telling him the name of his father, John, (glc...not John the Baptist) and then gave Simon a new name, Cephas, (translated is Peter).
(glc3 glc4 glc5) John 1:43-51 On the next day Jesus planned to go towards Galilee (glc...about 80 miles north of Jerusalem) (Google...travel time of several days on foot). Jesus found Philip and told him to follow Jesus. Philip was from Bethsaida (Google… a town on the north of the Sea of Galilee near where the Jordan river enters the lake) Andrew and Peter were also from Bethsaida. (glc...It is interesting that these disciples were so far from home. Had they heard about John the Baptist and came to experience his ministry?) Philip found Nathanael and told him they had found the person Moses and the prophets had written about – Jesus of Nazareth, the son (glc...in family terms, not biologically) of Joseph. Nathaniel questioned that anything of importance could come from Nazareth. Philip told him to come and see. Jesus saw Nathanael approaching and told those near him that Nathanael was a true Israelite in whom there is no deceit (NET...treachery...see Psalm 32:2). Nathanael asked Jesus how He knew about him. Jesus told him that he could see him under the fig tree before Philip came to him. Nathanael was surprised and addressed Jesus as Teacher, Son of God (NET...a term for the Davidic king in the OT), and king of Israel! (Psalm 2:6,7) (ESV...Zephaniah 3:15 …. Messiah) Jesus remarked that it was unusual for Nathanael to acknowledge so much from Jesus statement that Jesus had seen him under the tree. Jesus told him that he would see much greater things than that. Jesus told him that, for certain (glc...the ‘gospel’ truth), he would see heaven opened and the angels of God ascending and descending on the Son of Man (NET...having heavenly origin and divine authority) (Daniel 7:13,14 … human-divine) (glc...angels ministered to Jesus after Jesus was tempted, and in the garden of Gethsemane before His arrest Matthew 4:11; Mark 1:13; Luke 22:43 )
(glc3 glc4) John 2:1-11 (ESV...two days after Jesus spoke to Nathanael) (ESV… possible location of Cana in Galilee is about 8 miles north of Nazareth) Jesus’ mother (glc...perhaps Joseph had died by this time) was at a wedding in Cana and Jesus and His disciples were also invited to the wedding. Mary told Jesus that they had run out of wine. Jesus did not want to focus attention on Himself until the appropriate time. Mary told the servants to do what Jesus tells them to do. Jesus told the servants to fill six large water jars with water. They did so. Jesus told them to draw from a jar and present it to the person in charge of refreshments. This person told the bridegroom that the wine was excellent. This was the first miracle done by Jesus. Jesus power (ESV… “ruler of the material universe”…”the merciful God who provides for His people’s needs”) was revealed and this disciples believed in Him.
(glc3 glc4 glc5) John 2:12-22 Jesus, His mother, His brothers, and His disciples went to Capernaum ( Google...on the north shore of Sea of Galilee; about 30 miles from Nazareth) for a few days. It was near the time of the religious celebration of Passover so Jesus (glc...with the disciples at least ... verse 22) went to Jerusalem. Jesus drove the money changers and people selling animals for sacrifice out of the temple courts. He told them not to make his Father’s house a marketplace. His disciples remembered Psalm 69:9 “Zeal for your house will devour me.” The religious leaders wanted a sign to show them that Jesus had authority to take His actions. Jesus told them that if his temple (glc...body) was destroyed (glc...killed), He would raise it up again (glc...resurrect). The religious leaders were incredulous since the material temple in Jerusalem had been under construction for 46 years. Jesus was making a reference to his body. After Jesus’ resurrection the disciples remembered he had made this statement, and this helped them believe the scripture and what Jesus had spoken.
(glc3 glc5) John 2:23-25 During the feast of Passover many people believed in Jesus (glc...that He was a man connected to God) because the saw miracles done by Jesus. Jesus did not let the people have undue influence over His life because He knew humans inner nature. (NET...The people were looking for a political solution to their situation, not a spiritual Messiah.)
(glc1 glc2 glc3 glc5) John 3:1-21 A religious leader named Nicodemus came to Jesus secretly. Nicodemus admitted that Jesus was a teacher who was appointed by God because only those associated with God could do the miracles Jesus was doing. Jesus told Nicodemus that only a person who is reborn from heaven can see the kingdom of God. Nicodemus thought Jesus was talking about a physical rebirth. Jesus explained further that a person must be born of water and spirit in order to enter the kingdom of God. [ESV...born of water and spirit is “a spiritual birth” … ‘water’ does not refer to natural birth and it is “not likely that it refers to baptism,” but “the background is probably Ezekiel 36:25-27 where God promises to ‘sprinkle clean water on you’; ‘you shall be clean’; ‘I will give you a new heart’; ‘I will put my spirit within you’.....(born again...see 1 John 2:29; 3:9; 4:7; 5:1;,4.18 ) ] There is a physical birth into the world and there is a spiritual birth. People hear the earthly wind but they don’t know exactly where the wind in the air comes from or goes to. In a similar way the Spirit gives a birth but you don’t see where it comes from or goes to. Nicodemus did not understand Jesus’ statements. Jesus said a religious leader should understand. Jesus emphatically said that He and his disciples know and testify about what they have seen, but the religious leaders do not accept their testimony. Jesus told Nicodemus that since the religious leaders don’t believe His teachings about what happens on Earth, they would not believe if He told them heavenly things. No person has ascended (ESV...”entered into the counsels of God in heaven”) except the Son of Man, who descended from heaven (ESV...”the focus of His activity became His earthly life”). Just as Moses lifted up the serpent (Numbers 21:9; Isaiah 52:13 glc...God directed Moses to lift up a bronze serpent on a pole...people who looked at it were healed after being bitten by a snake) so must Jesus be lifted up so that everyone who believes in Him may have eternal life (glc...referring to Jesus’ future crucifixion and accepting Jesus’ sacrifice for sins). God proved His love for the world by giving His one and only Son (NET...”one-of-a-kind,” “unique”), so that everyone who believes in Him will not perish but have eternal life. God did not send His Son to condemn the world (glc...God would have been right and just to do so...recall Noah’s time), but He sent His Son so that the world (glc...people) would be saved (glc...spared eternal punishment and destined for eternal life with God) through Him (glc...through Jesus’ sacrifice, not through our attempted good works Ephesians 2:8,9). The person who believes in Jesus is not condemned, but the one who does not believe in Jesus is condemned because that person has not believed in the one and only Son of God (glc...Jesus). This judgment is right because the light (glc...Jesus) has come into the world and the people wanted to stay in darkness, to try to escape judgment, because their deeds were evil (glc...not aligned with God’s character and plan). Everyone who does evil deeds avoids the light and does not seek the light in order to try to keep their evil deeds from being seen. But the person who lives aligned with God’s character and plan seeks the light and it is seen that their deeds were done in agreement with God’s character and plan. (NET...”the reaction is very much dependent on a person’s choice”)
(glc4 glc5) John 3:22-24 Jesus and His disciples were baptizing people in Judea. John the Baptist was baptizing people in different place before he was put in prison.
(glc3 glc5) John 3:25-36 Some of John the Baptist’s disciples came to John to tell him Jesus was baptizing people (glc...actually Jesus was supervising the baptisms ...see John 4:2) on the other side of the Jordan river and many people were coming to Him. John told them that they should calm down. John told them that each person has a role given to them from God. John had clearly told them that he was not the Messiah, but rather, his ministry was to prepare the way for the Messiah (Malachi 3:1) . John was like the friend of the bridegroom who rejoices for the bridegroom. John had joy in his role and knew Jesus must become more important (glc... and more sought after by the people) while John became less important (glc… and less sought after by the people). The one (glc...’person’ is too limited so I typed ‘one’. On Earth, Jesus was divine and human.) who comes from God (glc...Jesus) is superior to every person. The one who comes from Earth (glc...John the Baptist) is of the Earth and speaks from their earthly perspective. (glc...but John did speak about the heavenly concept of ‘Repent for the kingdom of heaven is near’) The person who comes from God is superior to any human. He testifies about what He has seen and heard, but many people don’t accept his testimony. Those who do accept His testimony have confirmed that God is truthful. The one sent by God speaks the words of God, for the Spirit is not given sparingly (NET...Jesus did not have a limited amount of the Spirit, in contrast to the Spirit given to the OT prophets). God the Father loves the Son and his given Him authority over all things. The person who believes in the Son has eternal life. The person who rejects the Son will not see life and God’s wrath and judgment remains on them.
(glc4 glc5) John 4:1-3 Jesus learned that the religious leaders were aware that more people were coming to Jesus for baptisms (by his disciples) and teachings than were coming to John the Baptist. Jesus left Judea and went towards Galilee.
(glc1 glc3 glc4 glc5) John 4:4-30 Jesus and his disciples came near the town of Sychar in Sumeria (Google – Sychar was about 35 miles north of Jerusalem and about 55 miles south of Capernaum. glc...The Sumerians were rejected by Jews as the people of Sumeria’s ancestors were not pure-blooded Jews.) Jesus sat down by a well while the disciples went into two to buy food. Jesus asked a Samaritan woman to give Him a drink. She was surprised since in her experience the Jews avoided Samaritans. Jesus led her into a spiritual conversation by telling her that if she had known the gift of God and who He was, she would have asked Him for living water. The woman tried to put this into the earthly context and questioned Jesus as to how He would get living water since Jesus did not even have a bucket to get water out of the deep well. She remarked that Jesus was certainly not better than her ancestor Jacob who dug and used this well. (glc...it is interesting that she claims a connection to Jewish people by claiming Jacob is her ancestor) Jesus told her that all who drink water from the well they were near would get thirsty again. But whoever drinks some of the water that Jesus will give them will never by thirsty again. The water Jesus gives will be a fountain of life in them that produces eternal life. The woman asked Jesus to give her some of the living water so she would not have to come to the well again. Jesus told the woman to get her husband and come back to the well. The woman explains that she does not have a husband. Jesus tells her she is correct because she has had five husbands and the man she is living with is not her husband. Jesus congratulates her on speaking truthfully. The woman calls Jesus a prophet and describes how her ancestors worshiped on the mountain but that the Jews say people must worship in Jerusalem. Jesus tells her that in the future she will worship God the Father neither on the mountain in Samaria nor in Jerusalem. Jesus tells her the Samaritans worship what they do not know, but the Jews worship what they know because salvation is from the Jews. But a time has arrived when true worshipers with worship God the Father in spirit and truth, because God the Father seeks these people to be those who worship Him. God the Father is spirit and the people who worship Him must worship in spirit and truth. The woman told Jesus that the Messiah is coming and that the Messiah will tell them everything when he comes. Jesus tells her that He is the Messiah. The disciples were very surprised to see Jesus speaking with a woman but they did not interrupt Him. (glc...perhaps they were surprised Jesus talked with a woman because women were not valued in the Jewish culture ....and...she was a Samaritan). The woman left her water jar so she could hurry back to the town and tell the people about Jesus. She told them that Jesus could tell everything about her and that he might be the Messiah. The people came to Jesus at the well.
(glc3 glc5) John 4:31-38 The disciples were concerned for Jesus physical condition, but Jesus told them that he was getting what he needed that they could not understand. Jesus told them that he received what he needed by doing God’s will and to complete the work God gave Him to do. He told the disciples that they should open their eyes and see the work that is ready for them to do. Those who do God’s work get heavenly rewards, and God and the workers both rejoice. Jesus sent the disciples to gather a harvest (glc...usher people into God’s kingdom) that others (glc...OT prophets...and Jesus) had prepared.
(glc1 glc4 glc5) John 4:39-42 Many Samaritans believed in Jesus because of what the woman at the well told them about Jesus. The Samaritans asked Jesus to stay in their town and Jesus stayed there two days. Many more Samaritans heard Jesus’ teachings and came to believe in Him. (glc...The religious leaders of the Jews were rejecting Jesus but the Samaritans believed.) They told the woman that they believe not just because of her testimony, but because they heard Jesus themselves and know that Jesus is the Savior of the world. (glc...It is good to tell people about Jesus to get them interested and seeking more about Jesus for themselves.)
(glc4 glc5) John 4:43 -45 After two days Jesus went to Galilee and the people welcomed Him because they had seen the miracles Jesus did in Jerusalem.
(glc4 glc5) John 4:46-54 Jesus came to Cana, where he had turned water into wine. A royal official’s son in Capernaum was very sick. The official came to Jesus to beg Him to come to Capernaum and heal his son. Jesus remarked that people were only believing in Him because of the miracles he had don. The official politely asked Jesus again to come and heal his son. Jesus told him he could go home, that his son would live. The official believed Jesus and started for home. As the official was traveling to Capernaum his servants met him and told him his son was doing better. The official realized that his son started getting better at the same time Jesus told him his son would live. The official and all of his household believed in Jesus.
(glc4 glc5) John 5:1-15 Jesus went to Jerusalem for a Jewish feast. He went to the pool near the Sheep Gate by the temple that has five covered walkways. Many sick, blind, and lame people gathered near the pool seeking to be healed. Jesus saw a man, who had been disabled for 38 years, and asked him if he wanted to be healed. The man replied that he did not have anyone who would help him be first into the pool when the water is agitated. Jesus told him to stand up, pick up the mat he was sitting on, and walk. The man was immediately healed, picked up his mat, and walked. Some religious leaders told the man he could not carry his mat because it was the Sabbath day. (ESV...No OT law spoke against carrying a simple mat on the Sabbath. This tradition had developed along with many other minute rules over the years. ) The healed man answered that the man who healed him told him to “pick up his mat and walk.” The healed man did not know who had healed him since Jesus had slipped out of the place through a crowd. Later, Jesus found the man at the temple and told him “Look, you have become well. Don’t sin any more, lest anything worse happen to you.” (ESV...This does not suggest that all suffering is due to sin. See John 9:2) The healed man left and told the religious leaders that Jesus had healed him.
(glc3 glc3 glc5) John 5:16-30 The religious leaders harassed Jesus because he was doing these actions on the Sabbath. Jesus told them that his Father was working up to that day and that He (Jesus) is also working. This made the religious leaders scheme more to kill Jesus because in addition to breaking the traditional rules about the Sabbath, Jesus was calling God His own Father, making Himself equal with God. Jesus told them, “I am speaking the solemn truth, the Son cannot do anything by His own plans, but only what He sees the Father doing. The Son does what the Father does. The Father loves the Son and shows the Son all that the Father does, and will show Him greater works than these so that you will be amazed.” Jesus describes how He is equal with God: The Son can give life to whomever he decides. (ESV… resurrection and giving life are the sole prerogatives of God Deuteronomy 32:39; 1 Samuel 2:6; 2 Kings 5:7) The Son has authority to judge. (ESV… The Son is subject to the Father but also has equality with the Father.) People who honor the Son honor the Father. The person who does not honor the Son does not honor God the Father who sent the Son to the Earth. Jesus emphatically told them that the person who hears Jesus’ message and believes in God the Father has eternal life and will not face condemnation, but will leave the realm of death and have life. Jesus emphatically told them that the time has arrived when the dead (glc...spiritually dead) will understand the message of the Son of God and they will leave their state of death and have (ESV...heavenly ) life. God the Father has life in himself and has arranged that the Son has heavenly life in Himself. The Son has been given authority to pronounce judgment because he is the Son of Man. (Daniel 7:13; John 1:51) Do not be surprised at this, because a time is coming when people who have been buried will hear the voice of the Son of Man and will be resurrected to receive their reward. Those who believe and respond correctly will have heavenly life. Those who do not believe and respond with evil will face condemnation. (ESV ...belief in Jesus is the way to obtain eternal life John 3:16; John 5:24,25; John 14:6......”good works function as evidence for true faith”) Jesus does not act independently. He listens (glc...to God) and judges in agreement with the will of God the Father.
(glc3 glc5) John 5:31-47 Jesus spoke to the religious leaders about the true testimony about Jesus. (NET and ESV...the primary testimony is from God the Father and not John the Baptist) John the Baptist’s testimony is true but Jesus does not rely on human testimony about Jesus. (glc...The religious leaders should have recognized John the Baptist’s testimony and call to repentance.) The miracles done by Jesus at the direction of God the Father testify about Jesus that God the Father sent Him. The religious leaders did not have a personal encounter with God and did not have God’s word active inside them because they did not believe Jesus, whom God sent to the Earth. The religious leaders studied scripture but did not see that the scriptures testified about Jesus. The religious leaders were not willing to accept Jesus which would have given them heavenly life. Jesus did not look for praise and honor from people and Jesus knew the leaders did not have the love of God in them. Jesus came to Earth aligned with God but the leaders did not accept Jesus. The leaders had accepted people who promote themselves. The leaders cannot believe Jesus if they accept praise and honor from people but don’t seek the praise and honor that comes from the true God. Jesus will not have to accuse the leaders before God the Father because Moses will accuse them, even though they claim Moses as their ancestor and claim to have placed their hope in Moses. If they really understood and believed Moses they would believe Jesus, because Moses wrote about Jesus. (ESV … Genesis – Deuteronomy Deuteronomy 18:15 … see also Luke 24:27; Luke 24:44; John 1:45; 3:14; 8:56; Acts 26:22; 28:23; 1 Corinthians 10:4; Hebrews 11:23-26; 1 Peter 1:10-12; Jude 5) If the leaders don’t believe what Moses wrote, how will they believe Jesus’ words?
(glc3 glc4 glc5) John 6:1-15 Jesus left Jerusalem and went to the other side of the Sea of Galilee (ESV … a few months may have passed since Chapter 5). A large crowd followed Jesus because they saw many people healed by Jesus. Jesus went onto higher ground and sat down with his disciples. This took place near the Jewish celebration of Passover (glc...when the Jewish people remembered the Exodus from Egypt...Jesus was crucified near the time of another Passover). Jesus saw the large crowd and asked Philip, a disciple, where they could buy bread to feed the people. (Jesus said this to see how Philip would respond. Jesus already knew how He would feed the people.) Philip remarked that money worth wages for 200 days of work (ESV) would only buy enough food for each person to only get a little to eat. Andrew, Peter’s brother, told Jesus that there was a boy in the group who had five loaves of bread and two fish, but that would do little good towards feeding the crowd. Jesus told the disciples to organize the crowd and have them sit down on the grass. About 5,000 men sat down. (glc...it was common to not count the women and children) Jesus took the loaves of bread, gave thanks to God, and distributed the bread and the fish to those who were seated. Each person got as much as they wanted and were satisfied. Jesus had the disciples gather up the broken pieces so nothing would be wasted. They filled twelve baskets with the leftovers from the loaves of bread after the people had eaten. The people saw that all had been fed and that there was food left over and recognized this as a miracle. The people talked with each other and said that Jesus must be the Prophet (NET...like Moses ... Deuteronomy 18:15, 18...ESV Acts 7:37 … Prophet was a title who knew little about Jesus, Jesus is much more than a prophet) who was written about in the Old Testament who was to come into the world. Jesus knew that the crowd was close to forcing him to be called King so Jesus went up to higher ground by himself.
(glc3 glc4) John 6:16-21 When it got dark the disciples got into a boat without Jesus and started to go towards Capernaum. A strong wind was blowing and the sea was rough. After they had rowed more than 3 miles they saw Jesus walking on the lake and coming towards the boat. They were afraid. Jesus assured them that it was He and told them not to be afraid. They wanted Jesus to come into the boat and the boat came to the shore.
(glc1 glc3 glc4 glc5) John 6:25-40 The crowd that had been fed by Jesus crossed the lake, found Jesus, and asked when Jesus had arrived. Jesus emphatically told them that He knew they were seeking Him because Jesus had fed them well, not because they had seen miracles done by Jesus. Jesus told them to not work for earthly food, but to work for the food that lasts in eternal life – the food that the Son of Man will give them. Jesus told them that God the Father had authenticated Him. The crowd asked Jesus what they could do to satisfy God. Jesus told them God requires people to believe in the one whom He sent. The crowd wanted more proof from Jesus and asked Him to perform some more miracles so they would believe in Jesus. The crowd told Jesus that their ancestors ate manna in their journey from Egypt as recorded in Psalm 78:24; Exodus 16:4-36. “He gave them bread from heaven to eat.” Jesus emphatically told them that they had not received bread from Moses ,but His Father is giving them true nourishment from heaven. Jesus told them that the nourishment from God is the one who comes down from heaven and gives life to the world. (glc...God the Father was giving the people Jesus who is true nourishment.) The people asked for this bread. Jesus told them that He is the bread of life and that the person who comes to (glc...believes in) Him will never be hungry or thirsty (glc...will be spiritually satisfied). Jesus told them that they have seen Jesus but they do not really believe. Everyone whom the Father assigns to Jesus will come to Him, and Jesus will never send away the person who comes to Jesus (glc...believes in Jesus) . Jesus came to Earth from heaven to do God’s will, not Jesus’ will. God’s will is that Jesus should not lose even one person of those assigned to Him. They will be resurrected at the last day (glc...when people are judged in heaven). God the Father’s will is that everyone who believes in Jesus will have eternal life and Jesus will resurrect these people at the last day.
(glc1 glc3 glc4 glc5) John 6:41-58 The Jews who opposed Jesus spoke against Jesus after He said He was the spiritual nourishment that came down from heaven. They remarked that Jesus was the son of Joseph and they knew His earthly father and mother. They scoffed that He could claim to have come down from heaven. Jesus told them not to complain about Him among themselves. Jesus told them that no one can come to Jesus unless God the Father, who sent Jesus, draws them. Jesus told them that He would resurrect the ones who believe in Him at the last day. Jesus reminded them of Isaiah 54:13 ‘And they will all be taught by God.’ Jesus told them that all who hear, learn (glc...believe) from God the Father believe in Jesus. (No one on Earth has seen God the Father except the person who is from God (glc...Jesus) ) Jesus emphatically told them that the person who believes (glc...in Jesus) has eternal life. Jesus told them that He is the bread of life (glc...spiritual bread that gives eternal life). Jesus told them that their ancestors ate the manna in traveling after the captivity in Egypt but they died (glc...that manna did not have the ability to give them eternal life). Jesus told them that there is a “bread” that came down from heaven that a person can “eat” (glc...believe in) and they will have eternal life. Jesus told them that He is the “bread” with life that came down from heaven. If anyone believes in Jesus they will live forever. Jesus will give his body to bring true life to the world. The Jews who opposed Jesus argued among themselves about the earthly interpretation of Jesus statements. They rejected that they must literally eat Jesus’ body. Then Jesus emphatically told them that a person must eat (ESV...trust and believe in Jesus….see verse 35 where Jesus talks about hunger and thirsting) the flesh of the Son of Man and drink His blood (ESV….”trust in his atoning death, which is represented by the shedding of His blood” The Last Supper also has this symbolism) in order to have eternal life. Jesus tells them that those who eat his flesh and drink his blood have eternal life and Jesus will resurrect them on the last day. Jesus tells them that his flesh is true food and His blood is true drink. The person who eats His flesh and drinks His blood resides in Jesus and Jesus resides in them. (glc...Those who draw close to Jesus, commit themselves to Jesus, and believe in Jesus have eternal life.) Jesus tells them that the living God the Father sent Him, He lives because of the Father, and those who consume Jesus will live (glc...eternal life) because of Jesus. This is the spiritual explanation of the bread (glc...Jesus) that came down from heaven. This bread is better than the manna the Jewish ancestors ate but then they died. The person who eats the bread of Jesus (glc...believes that Jesus is the Son of God and trusts in Jesus for resurrection to eternal life) will live forever.
(glc3 glc4 glc5) John 6:59-65 Jesus spoke this teaching in a synagogue in Capernaum. Many of Jesus disciples were also arguing and complaining about Jesus’ teaching of His “bread” and did not understand it. Jesus knew they were complaining and He asked them if they were offended by His statements. Jesus asked them what they would think if they saw the Son of Man (glc...Jesus) ascend to heaven. Jesus told them that it is the Spirit who gives life beyond the life of the human body. Jesus told them that His teachings are spirit and life. Jesus knew that some of His followers did not believe His teachings and Jesus knew who would betray Him. Jesus reminded his followers that no one could believe in Jesus unless God the Father has allowed them to believe.
(glc3 glc5) John 6:66- 71 Many of Jesus’ followers left the group permanently. Jesus asked the twelve disciples if they wanted to leave also. Peter answered that there was no better person to go to since Jesus had the words of eternal life. (ESV...”there was no other teacher who can lead people to eternal life and to true fellowship with God himself”) Peter stated that they believed in Jesus and knew that He is the Holy One of God. Jesus responded that He had chosen the twelve but one of them is a devil. (Jesus was referring to Judas, who would betray Him.)
(glc4 glc5) John 7:1-9 Jesus traveled around the region of Galilee. He did not travel in Judea because the religious leaders wanted to kill Him. The Jewish Feast of Booths (ESV...September or October….remembering God’s faithfulness to Israel during wanderings after captivity in Egypt...and celebration of harvest) Jesus brothers taunted Jesus and told Him he should go to Judea to show more miracles to His disciples. They taunted that someone who is trying to gain a reputation should not be in isolation for their activities, but should do their activities in a very public place. Jesus’ brothers did not believe Jesus was the Son of God. (glc...until after the resurrection) Jesus told them that the time for His full revealing had not arrived. Jesus remarked that the world hates Him because Jesus was telling people that the deeds of the world were evil. Jesus told His brothers to go to Jerusalem without Him because His time of full revealing (ESV...crucifixion, resurrection) had not arrived. Jesus stayed in Galilee for a short time. (ESV...Greek grammar here can carry the meaning of “I am not now going.”)
(glc4 glc5) John 7:10-13 After Jesus’ brothers had gone to Jerusalem, Jesus went to Jerusalem but kept out of view. The religious leaders were looking for Jesus and were asking where He could be. People were complaining and debating about Jesus and there was a division of opinion between those who held Him to be a good person and those who thought He was misleading the uneducated people. No one openly supported Jesus because they feared the religious leaders.
(glc3 glc4 glc5) John 7:14-19 After the feast was halfway done (Google...Feast of Booths lasts 7 days, with 8th day of celebration) , Jesus started teaching in the temple courts. The religious leaders were amazed that Jesus, who did not attend their rabbinical schools) knew so much about religious matters. Jesus told them that he did not speak about the religious matters on His own, but rather He was speaking the teachings given to him by the one (glc...God the Father) who sent Him. Jesus told them that those who seek to do God’s will be able to recognize whether His teachings were from God for from His own authority. Jesus pointed out that the person who speaks from their own authority seeks honor for themselves but the person who seeks honor for the one who sent him has integrity and is free from unrighteousness. Jesus pointed out that the Jews had the laws from Moses, but they were not following that law. Jesus asks them to consider their reasons for wanting to kill Him.
(glc5) John 7:20-24 The crowd claimed Jesus was possessed by a demon. They questioned His statement that they were trying to kill Him. Jesus remarked that they were amazed after He performed a miracle (ESV...perhaps the invalid healed in John chapter 5) but they were upset that he had healed on the Sabbath, even though they perform circumcision of a male baby on the Sabbath. (glc...The Jews carried out a religious activity on the Sabbath but didn’t want good, but unauthorized, activities to take place that were not under their control.) Jesus asks that they make judgments on what is a good activity based on what has true worth and not on just if it looks good at first glance.
(glc3 glc3 glc4 glc5) John 7:25-31 Some people who lived in Jerusalem were puzzled when Jesus was teaching in public but the religious leaders, who wanted to kill Jesus, did not try to stop Him. The people speculated that the leaders knew that Jesus was the Christ (glc...Messiah). The people said they knew where Jesus came from (glc...humanly from Bethlehem or Nazareth; spiritually from Heaven), but that no one will know where the Christ comes from (ESV...some Rabbi’s taught that no one would know where the Christ comes from, others taught from Bethlehem John 7:42; Matthew 2:1-6). As Jesus was teaching in the temple courts he proclaimed that the people knew Him and knew where He came from. (glc...Perhaps Jesus was asking them to reconsider how much they really knew about Him.) Jesus told them that He did come based on His own decision, but the one (glc...God the Father) who sent Him is true. Jesus told them that they did not really know God, but Jesus knows Him because Jesus came from Him and God sent Him. The listeners tried to seize Jesus but they did not because the time of Jesus full revealing had not arrived. Many in the crowd believed in Jesus and remarked that Jesus was doing all the miracles that the prophesied Christ was supposed to do.
(glc3 glc5) John 7:32-36 The religious leaders heard the crowd starting to voice belief in Jesus so they sent their temple security officers to arrest Jesus. Jesus spoke to the crowd that He would only be with the Jews for a short time, and then He would return to God the Father. He told them that they would look for Him but they would not find Him and that they could not go where He was going. The religious leaders were puzzled at this statement and discussed among themselves if Jesus was going to the Jewish people scattered into the Greek lands to teach the Greeks. The religious leaders were puzzled that Jesus said they would not be able to find Him and that they could not go where Jesus was going. (glc...Jesus was foretelling his resurrection to Heaven).
(glc3 glc4 glc5) John 7:37-44 At the last gathering of the feast Jesus got the crowd’s attention and shouted to them that “if anyone is thirsty, let him come to me, and let the one who believes in me drink. Just as the scripture says, ‘From within Him will flow rivers of living water.’ (Proverbs 4:23; Isaiah 44:3; 55:1; 58:11; Zechariah 14:8) (NET...Jesus was describing the future, fuller, ministry of the Holy Spirit that would come after Jesus’ resurrection.) When the crowd heard Jesus’ words, some proclaimed that Jesus is the Prophet; others said Jesus is the Christ; others said NO, the Christ does not come from Galilee because the Old Testament says the Christ is a descendant of David and will come from Bethlehem where David lived (Psalm 89:4; Micah 5:2) (ESV..the leaders did not realize Jesus was born in Bethlehem.). The crowd had different opinions about Jesus. Some in the crowd tried to seize Jesus but they failed.
(glc4 glc5) John 7:45-52 The temple security officers returned to the religious leaders without Jesus and explained they didn’t bring Jesus because they had never heard a person teach as Jesus was teaching. The leaders asked if the security officers had been misled by Jesus and emphatically stated that none of the religious leaders have believed in Jesus. The leaders said that the common people did not know the Jewish law and are out of God’s favor. Nicodemus, a leader who had secretly met with Jesus (John 3:1-15) spoke up and said that Jewish law directed that a person should not be condemned before the leaders have spoken to the accused and questioned them. The other leaders spoke down to Nicodemus and implied he might be from Galilee also. They told Nicodemus to read the scriptures carefully so he would know that no prophet comes from Galilee.
(glc3 glc4 glc5) John 7:53-8:11 (glc...modern translations include the last sentence of chapter 7 with the starting passage of chapter 8) Everyone went to their own house but Jesus went to the Mount of Olives (glc...near Jerusalem). The next day Jesus came to the temple courts and taught those who came to Him. The religious leaders brought a woman to Jesus who had been caught committing adultery. (glc...Why didn’t they bring the man also?) The leaders told Jesus she was caught in the act of adultery and that the law of Moses commanded that she should be stoned to death. They asked Jesus what he though should be done. (They did this to try to trap Jesus and bring charges against Jesus. glc...to reduce his popularity with the people) Jesus wrote on the ground with His finger. The leaders persisted in their demand for His opinion so Jesus replied, “Whoever among you is guiltless may be the first to throw a stone at her.” Then Jesus bent over and wrote on the ground again, not looking at the woman or leaders. The leaders slowly dispersed, starting with the older leaders. Finally only Jesus and the woman were there. Jesus stood up and asked the woman where her accusers were. The woman respectfully replied that no one had accused her. Jesus told her He also did not condemn her, and that she should go and not sin any more.
(glc1 glc3 glc5) John 8:12-20 Again, Jesus was teaching. He said that He is the light of the world and that the person who follows Him will never walk in darkness, but will have the light of life. The religious leaders were offended and said that Jesus was just testifying about Himself with an untrue testimony. Jesus answered them the He is giving a true testimony about Himself because He knows where He came from (glc...heaven) and where He is going (glc...heaven). He told the leaders that they judge on outward appearances but He does not judge anyone. But if He would judge someone His judgment is accurate, because God the Father, who sent Him, are judging together. Jesus reminded the leaders that the testimony of two men is true. Jesus and God the Father, who sent Him, are testifying about Jesus. The leaders were getting upset and asked Him who His father is. Jesus replied that they did not know Jesus or His Father. If they knew Jesus they would know His Father also (glc….Jesus reveals God the Father to the world). (Jesus was speaking near the offering box in the temple courts.) No one arrested Jesus because the time of the completion of his ministry had not come yet.
(glc1 glc3 glc5) John 8:21-30 Jesus told the leaders that He was going away, they would look for Him but not find Him, they would die in their sin. (glc...going to Heaven...if you don’t believe in Jesus you die with unforgiven sin) He told them they could not go where He was going. The leaders speculated that Jesus would kill Himself (glc...something the leaders would not do). Jesus told them they were aligned with earthly things and principles separated from God but He was aligned with heavenly things and principles. Jesus told them they would die in their sins if they did not believe He is Messiah. The leaders asked Jesus to tell them who He is. Jesus replied that He has been revealing who He is in His time of ministry. Jesus told them there is more He could judge about them, but Father who sent Him is truthful, and Jesus is telling the world what He hears from the Father. (The leaders did not realize or accept that Jesus was referring to God the Father.) Jesus told the leaders that when they lift Him up (glc...crucify) then they will realize that Jesus is unique, and that Jesus does nothing by His own decision, but He speaks what the Father has told Him. Jesus told the leaders that the one who sent Him is with Him and has not left Him alone, because He is doing what the Father wants Him to do. Many people came to believe in Jesus while Jesus was speaking.
(glc1 glc3 glc5) John 8:31-38 Jesus spoke to the Jewish people who believed in Him, that if they stay committed to His teachings (ESV...and obey Him) they are really His disciples, they will understand the truth, and the truth will set them free (ESV...from the power of sin). The people misunderstood and emphatically replied that Abraham was their ancestor and they had never been slaves. Jesus emphatically told them that all who practice sin (glc...thoughts and actions) are slaves to sin. Jesus told them that a slave does not have full rights in a family, but a son stays in the family. If the Son in the family sets you free (glc... from sin) you will truly be free. Jesus agreed that they are descendants of Abraham, but their goal is to kill Jesus because they don’t accept and believe Jesus’ teachings. Jesus tells them what He has seen while He was with the Father (glc...while in heaven), but they should put into practice what they have heard from the Father (glc...what Jesus has told them).
(glc3 glc5) John 8:39-47 The people exclaimed that Abraham is their father. Jesus answered that if they were children of Abraham they would have the thoughts and actions that Abraham did. Jesus pointed out they their goal is to kill Him while He is telling them the truth He heard from God. Their thoughts and actions are not what Abraham did. The people were having the thoughts and actions of a different father. The people replied to Jesus that they had a pure heritage and that God is their father (glc...implying Jesus heritage was impure). Jesus told them that if God was really their father they would love Jesus, because He came from God and is on Earth now. Jesus did not come to Earth solely by his decision, God sent Him. Jesus told them they did not understand His teaching because they were set against accepting His teaching. Jesus told them that they are following the influence of the devil and seeking to do the devil’s desires. The devil was a murderer from the beginning and does not promote truth because there is no truth in him. The devil’s true nature is to lie and to promote lies. Jesus told the people that they don’t believe Jesus because He is telling them the truth. Jesus challenged them to prove that Jesus was guilty of any sin. He challenged them to consider that He is telling the truth, and consider why they don’t believe Him. The person who aligns with God hears, understands, and responds affirmatively to God’s words. Jesus told them that they don’t hear, understand, and respond affirmatively because they don’t align with God.
(glc3 glc5) John 8:48- 59 The Jewish people responded that they now knew Jesus was possessed by a demon. They said Jesus could not be better or more important than Abraham or other Old Testament prophets, who died, but Jesus was teaching that those who obey Jesus’ teaching would not experience death (glc...would not experience separation from God). They asked who Jesus was claiming to be. Jesus replied that if He glorified Himself that would not have value. Jesus told them that God the Father was glorifying Him. He said that the Jews claim that God the Father is their God, but they don’t know Him, Jesus knows Him. Jesus would be lying, like they did, if He said that He did not know God the Father and obeyed His teaching. Jesus told them that their ancestor Abraham had great joy to see Jesus activity (ESV...possibly Genesis 12:1-3; 17 :17,20; 22:8, 13-18; Romans 4:13-21). The Jews replied that Jesus was less than 50 years old so how could He have seen Abraham?! Jesus emphatically told them that before Abraham lived, “I AM!” (glc...I AM is a key phrase associated with God. Exodus 3:14; John 6:35; 8:12; 10:7; 10:11; 11:25; 14:6; 15:1) . The Jews understood what Jesus was claiming and picked up stones to stone Him to death, but they could not find Jesus and Jesus left the temple area.
(glc2 glc3 glc5) John 9:1-12 While Jesus was walking He saw a man who had been blind since his birth. Jesus’ disciples asked if his parents had sinned or the man had sinned. (glc...strange to ask if the man had sinned, since he was born blind) Jesus told them that no person’s sin caused the blindness (ESV...”suffering is not always a result of a person’s sin” ...see Luke 13:2-3a; 2 Cor 12:7; Gal 4:13; Jesus crucifixion; John 12:28, 37-41; John 17:1,5) (glc... but there are consequences for sin...unrepentance leads to spiritual death, separation from God; broken relationships, guilt, difficulty praying to God, Psalm 32:3-4; divine discipline) , but, rather, he was born blind to reveal the acts of God through what happens next. Jesus told the disciples that they must do the work of God who sent Him while there is opportunity (ESV...while Jesus is alive on Earth). There is a time coming when these works will not be done (ESV...at the crucifixion). Jesus tells the disciples that He is the light of the world (glc...bringing a taste of the kingdom of God, revealing God to people). Jesus made mud with His saliva and put it on the eyes of the blind man. Then He told the man to wash in the pool of Siloam (ESV...southeast of the temple). The man went to the pool, washed, and came back able to see. Some people who had seen the man begging before he was healed remarked that he had been blind. Others said the man before them just resembled the blind man. The healed man insisted that he was the blind beggar. The man told them that Jesus put mud on his eyes and told him to wash in the Siloam pool. He told the people that he washed and could then see. The people asked where Jesus was but the man did not know.
(glc3 glc5) John 9:13-34 The people brought the man to the religious leaders. (This healing took place on a Sabbath.) The leaders asked him how he was able to see again. The man told them that Jesus put mud on his eyes, he washed, and then he could see. Some of the religious leaders said that Jesus could not be from God because he did not follow all of the ritual laws set up by the Jews for the Sabbath. Others said that He could not be a sinner because He is able to do these miracles. The leaders were divided and asked the man who could see for more His opinion about Jesus. The man said Jesus was a prophet. The leaders came to the conclusion that the man had not truly been blind so they had his parents come before them. The leaders asked the parents if the man was their son and could they testify that he was born blind. They asked the parents how he could not see. The parents were intimidated by the leaders and wanted to avoid being excluded from the synagogue so they said the leaders should ask their son what happened since he was an adult. (ESV...many people do not believe in Jesus because they fear people more than God John 55:44; 12:42,43) The leaders spoke to the man who was healed and warned him to speak the truth before God. The leaders said that Jesus was a sinner. The healed man said he did not know if Jesus was a sinner, but he did certainly know that he had been blind but now he could see. The leaders asked him again to tell them how Jesus caused him to be able to see. The man replied that he had already told them. The man wondered why they want his story repeated and wondered if the religious leaders wanted to become Jesus’ disciples. The leaders insulted the man and exclaimed that he was a disciple of Jesus but they were disciples of Moses. The leaders were confident that God spoke to Moses but they said they did not know the true origin of Jesus. The healed man thought it was remarkable that they did not know Jesus’ origin but Jesus healed him. The man stated that God does not take requests from sinners but rather does take requests from people who align with God and do God’s will. The healed man states that Jesus could do nothing of importance if He were not from God. The leaders told the healed man that he was in sin and should not be trying to teach the religious leaders. They threw the healed man out of their assembly.
(glc1 glc3 glc5) John 9:35-41 Jesus found the healed man and asked him if he believed in the Son of Man (ESV...see John 1:51). The man asked who is the Son of Man, I want to believe in Him. Jesus told him that the man had SEEN him; the Son of Man was talking to him now. The healed man said “Lord, I believe,” and worshiped Jesus. Jesus told him that He came into the world ( glc...to set a choice before people) so that those who (glc...lack spiritual understanding) may understand, and that those (glc...who claim to have spiritual understanding but don’t accept Jesus) may become blind (glc...be confirmed in their spiritual darkness by their choice). Some of the religious leaders heard this and asked Jesus if they were (glc...spiritually) blind. Jesus told them that if they were blind (ESV...had no knowledge about God, His laws, or about who Jesus is) they would not be held guilty of sin Romans 1:18-3:20 , but because they claim to be able to see (glc...have spiritual understanding) their guilt remains on them. (NET...see passage about Nicodemus in John 3:10 …. the leaders “rejected the only cure that exists” John 12:39-41)
(glc1 glc3 glc5) John 10:1-21 Jesus emphatically told those around Him that the person who does not enter the sheep pen (ESV...a shared pen with sheep belonging to different people) through the gate but sneaks in some other way is a thief and a robber. The person who enters through the gate is the rightful shepherd of the sheep. The person watching the gate opens it for him and the sheep recognize his voice (ESV...people who belong to God and believe Jesus’ message John 5:46,47; 8:37,45,47) . The shepherd calls his sheep by name and leads them out. When he has brought all of his sheep out he leads them and they follow because they recognize his voice. The sheep will not follow a new person, but will run away, because they don’t recognize his voice. Jesus spoke this parable about the shepherd and the sheep but those around Him did not understand the spiritual meaning. Jesus emphatically told them that He is the door for the sheep (ESV….He is “the way to become part of the people of God” Psalm 118:20). Jesus tells them that those who came before Him were thieves and robbers and the sheep did not listen to them (ESV...false messiahs after OT was written and before Jesus came to Earth Acts 5:36,37; Acts 21:38) Jesus told them that He is the door and those who enter through Him will be saved and find nourishment. Jesus came so that those who enter through Him will have abundant life (ESV...having “meaningful activities under the personal favor and blessing of God”) . Jesus is the good shepherd who gives up His life for the sheep. (glc….Jesus death on the cross was the sacrifice for sins for people that becomes effective when they trust in Jesus.) Those who tend the sheep for money and not for love of the sheep flee and don’t help the sheep when trouble comes, so those sheep are scattered. Jesus told them that He is the good shepherd who knows his people, and they know Him – just as God the Father knows Jesus and Jesus knows God the Father – and Jesus is willing to give up his life for people. Jesus also possesses other people (ESV...Gentiles … Isaiah 56:8) who are not from the heritage of the Jews. Jesus plans to gather them and they will listen and understand Jesus voice. They will be brought into the one flock that has one shepherd, Jesus. God the Father loves Jesus because Jesus is willing to give up his life so that Jesus can reclaim life. No entity takes away Jesus life. Jesus gives up His life by His decision, by His free will. Jesus has authority from God the Father to give up his life and to take back his life again. God the Father gave this mission to Jesus. The Jewish people were extremely divided again after listening to Jesus’ teachings. Some said Jesus was possessed by a demon, insane, and not worth listening to. Others replied that a demon could not restore sight to a blind man.
(glc1 glc3 glc4 glc5) John 10:22-39 At the feast to celebrate the rededication of the temple (ESV… December 164 B.C.) Jesus was walking in the temple, in the colonnade of Solomon (ESV...in a sheltered area on the east side of the temple area...Josephus ‘Jewish Antiquities’ also Acts 3:11) . The religious leaders crowded around Jesus and asked Him how long He would hold back from telling them plainly that He was the Christ (glc...Messiah). Jesus replied that the miracles He did in His Father’s name testified about Him. Jesus told them that if they chose to not believe then they were not part of His sheep (glc...not true followers). Jesus said again that his sheep (glc...true followers) listen and seek His voice (glc...message), Jesus knows them, and they follow Jesus. Jesus gives his true followers eternal life so they will never perish (NET...never be lost). No one can take them out of Jesus control by force. Jesus’ Father has given these true followers to Jesus and the Father is greater than everyone. No one can forcibly remove them from Jesus’ Father’s hand. Jesus states that He and the Father are one. At this statement the religious leaders picked up rocks and were about to stone Jesus. Jesus stated that he had shown them many good miracles from the Father. Jesus asked them which of these miracles would cause them to stone Him. The leaders replied that they were going to stone Jesus, not because of a miracle, but because in their minds they heard blasphemy because they viewed Him as just a man who was claiming to be God. Jesus asked them to consider Psalm 82:6 ‘ I said, you are gods.’ If those people who received the word of God in the OT were called ‘gods’ (and scripture cannot be broken (NET...shown to be in error) they should not tell the one whom the Father set apart and sent to earth that He is blaspheming because He said He is the Son of God. (NET...”a case of arguing from the lesser to the greater” human “OT judges could be called gods because they were vehicles of the word of God”… “Jesus deserves much more than they to be called God. He is the Word incarnate” “If it is permissible to call men ‘gods’ because they were the vehicles of the word of God, how much more permissible is it to use the word ‘God’ of Him who is the Word of God?”) Jesus tells them if He did not perform miracles from God they should not believe Him. But if Jesus is doing miracles from God they should believe those miracles even if they don’t trust Jesus’ words so they would come to fully understand that Jesus is in the Father and the Father is in Jesus. The Jews again attempted to seize Jesus but Jesus escaped. Jesus went across the Jordan river to the location where John the Baptist had been baptizing people and stayed there for a time. Many people came to Jesus and then told others that John the Baptist did not perform miracles, but everything John the Baptist said about Jesus was true. Many people believed in Jesus at this location.
(glc3 glc5) John 11:1-16 Lazarus, (who lived near Jerusalem and whose family was friends with Jesus), was sick. Mary and Martha sent a message to Jesus to let him know Lazarus was sick. Jesus told the disciples that Lazarus’ illness would not be the cause of the end of his life on earth, but would bring glory to God, so that the Son of God (glc...Jesus) would be glorified through this event. Jesus cared deeply for Lazarus, Mary, and Martha. Jesus decided to stay where He was for two more days. Then He told His disciples that they would all go to Judea. The disciples were concerned and worried about Jesus going back to Judea and reminded Jesus that the religious leaders had recently been trying to stone Jesus to death. Jesus instructs the disciples that it is best to do your activities when there is light. (glc...Read John Chapters 1 and 8...Jesus is the light of the world ESV...walk in fellowship with Jesus). Those who walk without light stumble. (ESV...walk apart from Jesus, not believing and obeying) Jesus tells the disciples Lazarus is asleep but Jesus will awaken him. The disciples thought this normal sleep would be good for Lazarus. (They misunderstood this to mean normal sleep, but Jesus was describing Lazarus’ earthly death.) Jesus told the disciples directly that Lazarus had died and that this would help the disciples believe in Jesus. Jesus told them they would go to Lazarus. Thomas told the rest of the disciples that they should go with Jesus to Judea to die with Jesus. (NET...Thomas was committed to following Jesus.)
(glc1 glc3 glc4 glc5) John 11:17-37 When Jesus arrived at Mary and Martha’s house Lazarus had been in the tomb for 4 days (ESV….burial usually was done soon after death….some Jewish writings indicated a belief that the soul stayed near the body for 3 days before leaving… glc…Lazarus was certainly dead) (Many people were at the house to give comfort to Mary and Martha.) Martha got word that Jesus was coming so she went to meet Him; Mary stayed in the house. Martha expressed her feelings that Jesus could have kept Lazarus from dying. But she also expresses her faith that God will grant whatever Jesus asks of Him. Jesus tells Martha that Lazarus will live again. Martha misinterprets this as a reference to the final resurrection. (ESV...resurrection was taught by most of the religious leaders and accepted most Jews) Jesus told her that He is “the resurrection and the life. The one who lives and believes in me will never die.” Jesus asks her if she believes this. She replied that she believes that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God who comes into the world. Martha went to the house to talk to Mary privately and told her that Jesus was asking for her. Mary quickly went out to meet Him. (Jesus was outside the village and still in the place where he had talked to Martha.) The people in the house followed Mary thinking they would give her comfort at the tomb. Mary fell at Jesus’ feet and said that if Jesus had been there Lazarus would not have died. Jesus saw Mary weeping, and the people with her weeping, He was very moved and distressed. (ESV...in His human spirit) (ESV...”deep sorrow” for His friends; some “anger at the evil of death” 1 Corinthians 15:26; Revelation 21:4; “deep sense of awe at the power of God that was about to flow through Him to triumph over death). Jesus wept. The mourners said to each other that Jesus cared very much for Lazarus. But some of the mourners said Jesus healed a blind man, so couldn’t He have kept Lazarus from dying?
(glc3 glc5) John 11:38-44 Jesus was very moved as He came to the tomb. (The tomb was a cave with a stone placed across the opening.) Jesus told the people to remove the stone. Martha was concerned that there would be a bad smell from the tomb. Jesus told her that He had said that if you believe, you would see the glory of God. The stone was moved away from the entrance. Jesus looked upward and spoke loudly enough for all to hear: “Father, I thank you that you have listened to me. I knew that yo always listen to me, but I said this for the sake of the crowd standing around here, that they may believe that you sent me.” Then Jesus shouted loudly, “Lazarus, come out!” Lazarus came out with the burial wrappings around him. Jesus told the people to take away the burial wrappings and let him go.
(glc1 glc3 glc5) John 11:45-53 Many of the mourners who had seen the miracles Jesus had done, believed in Jesus. But some of the people went to the religious leaders and told what Jesus had done. The religious leaders met and discussed that they had to take action. They reasoned that Jesus was doing miracles that would lead to most of the people believing in Him, and then the Romans would come with force and take away their access to the temple and remove the remaining authority that the Jewish leaders had. The high priest, Caiaphas, (ESV...Caiaphas was high priest from A.D. 18 to 36 ) made the announcement that the others should realize that was best to have one man die for the people than for the whole nation to be taken over by Rome. (What Caiaphas said was a prophecy that Jesus would die for the Jewish nation, and for more than just the Jews, (read Ephesians 2:11-22) to gather together many into the family of God.) The religious leaders started discussing how to kill Jesus.
(glc3 glc5) John 11:54-57 Jesus was aware of their plans and kept away from the public settings in Judea. Jesus went to a rural town, Ephraim (NET...perhaps 12 miles northeast of Jerusalem), with his disciples. The Feast of Passover was approaching and many people from outside of Jerusalem were going to Jerusalem to fulfill ritual cleansing before Passover (Numbers 9:4-14; 19:11,12). People were looking for Jesus in the temple courts and wondering if He would show Himself. (The religious leaders had told the people that they should report to them if they knew where Jesus was, so the leaders could arrest Jesus.)
(glc3 glc4 glc5) John 12:1-11 Six days before Passover, Jesus went to Bethany (NET...about 2 miles from Jerusalem), and Lazarus, Mary, and Martha made dinner for Jesus. Lazarus reclined at the meal with Jesus, Martha was serving, and Mary took expensive ointment and anointed Jesus’ feet (glc...it was customary to provide water for guests to wash their feet but this was doing much more than simple hospitality). (A fragrant aroma filled the house.) Judas Iscariot (the disciple who would betray Jesus) complained that the ointment should have been sold so the money could have been given to the poor. (Judas kept the money for the group but was a thief and not really concerned about the poor, but himself.) Jesus told Judas to leave Mary alone. The ointment was for Jesus’ burial. Jesus told him there will always be poor people around them but Jesus will not always be with them. A large crowd of Jews learned Jesus was at the home of Lazarus, Mary, and Martha, so they came to see Jesus and to see Lazarus whom had been raised from the dead. The religious leaders also planned to kill Lazarus since a live Lazarus was influencing may Jews from Jerusalem to believe in Jesus. (glc...Do I have a good witness among people that encourages others to believe in Jesus?)
(glc3 glc4 glc5) John 12:12-19 On the next day many people who were in Jerusalem for Passover (glc...perhaps seeking God more than the average Jew) heard that Jesus was coming to Jerusalem. They took branches off of palm trees and went to meet Jesus. They shouted “Hosanna! (NET...Hosanna = Praise God) Blessed is the one who comes in the name of the Lord! (Psalm 118:25,26) Blessed is the king of Israel!” Jesus entered Jerusalem riding a young donkey. “Do not be afraid, people of Zion; look, your king is coming, seated on a donkey’s colt!” (Zechariah 9:9) (The disciples did not fully understand what was happening but after Jesus’ resurrection and ascension to God the Father they remembered (NET...after the resurrection the Holy Spirit gave the disciples insight to what had taken place) the OT writings about the things that happened to Jesus ) . The many people who were at the tomb when Jesus called Lazarus out of the tomb were continuing to tell people about the miracle. Many people came out to meet Jesus because they had been told about this miracle. The religious leaders were concerned that they were losing control as they saw the many people seeking Jesus.
(glc1 glc3 glc5) John 12:20-36 There were some non-Jews (NET….’Greeks’ were probably “God fearers” rather than Jewish converts …. another example is the Ethiopian eunuch Acts 8:27) who had come to Jerusalem for Passover. They asked the disciple Philip if they could talk to Jesus. Philip told Andrew and they both went to Jesus to tell Him about the Greeks. Jesus told them that the time has come for the completion of His ministry. (NET … ‘the time has come’ refers to Jesus’ death being near) Jesus emphatically told them that His situation is like when a kernel of grain is planted and produces abundant results. The person who clings to his earthly life actually destroys it, but the person who holds his earthly life lightly actually is preserving his eternal life. If anyone wants to serve Jesus, they must align with Him and be with Him. Those who serve Jesus will be honored by the Father. Jesus was facing a difficult situation but said that he would not ask the Father to remove the coming persecution because His mission on Earth was to face the persecution. (NET...’deliver me from this hour’ John 13:1 John 17:1 Psalm 6:4 … “Jesus’ soul is troubled” ... Jesus is not asking to be spared from His sacrificial death). Jesus asked the Father to glorify the Father’s name. A voice came from heaven that He had glorified His name and would glorify it again. Some people around them heard the voice but said it was the sound of thunder. Others said that an angel had spoken to Jesus. Jesus told the people that the voice they heard was for their benefit, not for His. The time had come for the judgment of the world when Satan’s control would be overcome. (NET… 1 John 5:19 the world lies in the power of Satan but “Jesus’ death, resurrection, and exaltation to the Father marks the end of Satan’s domain” … and future ultimate defeat ) Jesus told them that when He was lifted up from the Earth, He would draw all people to Himself. (Jesus said this to indicate how His earthly body would die.) The people replied that they had been taught form the law that the Christ would remain forever. (NET...Christ (Greek) and Messiah (Hebrew and Aramaic) both mean “one who has been anointed”) (NET...’law’ in the common usage refers to the entire OT...perhaps Psalm 89:36,37) They wondered why Jesus would say that the Son of Man must be lifted up and said they did not know the Son of Man. Jesus told them that the light (glc...Jesus) would only be with them for a little longer and they should respond to the light so the darkness (glc...evil) would not control them. The person who lives in darkness does not know where they are going. Jesus told them to believe in the light (glc...Jesus) while the light was with them, so that they might become sons (glc...and daughters) of the light. (NET...”there is a limited time in which each individual has opportunity to respond to Jesus, after that comes darkness (NET...’sons of light’ = ‘people of God’ men and women who are living according to the light, the truth). After Jesus had given this teaching, He went away and did not let Himself be found.
(glc3 glc5) John 12:37-43 Jesus had done many miracles that were seen by the people and religious leaders, but they refused to believe in Him. (ESV….” the miracles provided abundant proof of Jesus’ deity and messiahship, but people in their hardness of heart still rejected this evidence ) This fulfilled the prophecy in Isaiah 53:1 “Lord, who has believed our message, and to whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed?” The reason they could not believe was also prophesied in Isaiah 6:10 “He has blinded their eyes and hardened their heart, so that they would not see with their eyes and understand with their heart and turn to me, and I would heal them.” (NET...Isaiah 6:10 God has blinded their eyes and hardened their hearts...Acts 28:26,27 Romans 11:8) (NET...turn back to God) . Isaiah experienced the glory of Christ and spoke about Him. (NET...”Isaiah saw the preincarnate glory of Christ, the very revelation of the Father (John 1:18; John 14:9) ) Even though many did not believe, many of even the leaders did believe in Him, but because of the higher leadership people they would not acknowledge Jesus as the Christ because they didn’t want to be excluded from participation in synagogue activities. These people gave praise from men more value than praise from God. (glc...shocking, but reality….people pay more attention to what they can see in the world than to what they can’t see in the spiritual realm) .
(glc1 glc3 glc5) John 12:44-50 Jesus shouted to the crowd that the person who believes in Him does not just believe in Him, but also in the one (glc...Father) who sent Him, and the person who comprehends Jesus comprehends the one (glc...Father) who sent Him. Jesus brought light (glc...spiritual teaching) into the world, so that the people who believe in Him will not remain in darkness (glc...lack of spiritual understanding) Those who hear Jesus’ teaching but does not put it into effect in their life is not judged by Jesus. Jesus did not come to Earth to judge and condemn the world but to spiritually save the world. The person who rejects Jesus and does not accept His teachings will be judged by Jesus’ words when people are called to account at the last day (glc...final judgment). Jesus did not speak just from His own decision or authority, but the Father, who sent Jesus, prescribed that Jesus speak and teach as He did. Jesus knows that the Father’s commandment leads to eternal life. Jesus taught just as the Father told Him.
(glc1 glc3 glc4 glc5) John 13:1-17 Shortly before Passover Jesus knew the time had come to complete His mission and return to the Father. Jesus had great care for those who aligned themselves with Jesus and did the best for them to the very end. The group was partaking of the evening meal, and Satan had already influenced Judas Iscariot that he should betray Jesus. Because Jesus knew the Father had given Him authority, and that He came from God and was going back to God, Jesus got up from the meal, removed His outer garment, and put a long towel around His waist. Jesus put water into a basin, started to wash the disciples’ feet, and dried them with the end of the long towel. Simon Peter was reluctant to have Jesus wash his feet. Jesus told him that Peter did not now understand why Jesus did this washing, but that he would understand in the future. (NET...”not just to an example of humble service (as most understand it), but something more—Jesus’ self-sacrificial death on the cross. ” ) Peter again rejected that Jesus would wash his feet. Jesus told Peter that if He didn’t wash his feet, Peter would have no share with Jesus (ESV...”not belong to Him”). Peter asked Jesus to wash his feet, hands, and head! Jesus told him that the person who has bathed only needs to wash their feet (ESV...”those who are washed through Jesus once-for-all death also need daily cleansing for their sins”). Not all of the disciples were true believers in Jesus. (Jesus knew the person (glc...Judas) who would betray Him.) (ESV….Jesus washed Judas’ feet but Judas was not spiritually clean) After washing the disciples’ feet Jesus put His outer clothing back on and rejoined the group at the table. Jesus asked them if they understood what He had done. He explained that they were correct to call him ‘Teacher,’ and ‘Lord,’ for He was both of those. They should consider that if the Lord and Teacher washed their feet, they should wash one-another’s feet (ESV...serve each other). Jesus has given them an example of serving that they should follow. Jesus emphatically told them that the slave is not more important than the master, and the messenger is not more important than the person who sent the messenger. Those who understand and do these principles will be blessed.
(glc1 glc3 glc5) John 13:18-30 Jesus comments did not apply to all of the disciples. Jesus knew the people he chose. The scripture of Psalm 41:9 was fulfilled, ‘The one who eats my bread has turned against me.’ 13:18 (NET...has become my enemy). Jesus told the disciples this message before the betrayal occurred so that after it took place it would increase their faith that Jesus is the Christ. Jesus emphatically told them that the person who accepts the one Jesus sends is accepting Jesus, and the person who accepts Jesus accepts the one (glc...Father) who send Him. After Jesus spoke these things He was troubled and disturbed in His spirit and spoke plainly that one of the disciples would betray Him. The disciples looked at each other with concern and wondered which one of them He was speaking about. One of the disciples, whom Jesus had special concern for and highly valued, (NET...John was the disciple), was to the right of Jesus (NET...both the positions to the left and right of Jesus would be places of honor). Peter gestured to him (NET...John) that he should ask Jesus the name of the disciple Jesus was talking about. So this disciple (NET...John) leaned closer to Jesus and asked Him for the name. Jesus told him that He would give a piece of bread to that disciple after He had dipped it in the dish. Jesus dipped a piece of bread in the dish and gave it to Judas. After Judas took the bread Satan came into Judas in a more direct way. (NET...”Judas...came under the influence of Satan even more completely and finally.”) Jesus told Judas to do what he had to do quickly. (NET...perhaps Judas was seated near Jesus so Jesus could speak to him and give him a morsel of bread) (The rest of the disciples did not understand Jesus’ direction to Judas. Some thought that Jesus was sending Judas out to buy supplies for their meal, or to give money to the poor. ) Judas took the bread (glc...but didn’t eat it????) and immediately left the group. (It was night.) (NET...night is more than a time indicator...”Judas had become one of those who walked by night and stumbled, because the light was not in him John 11:10)
(glc3 glc5) John 13:31-38 After Judas left, Jesus told the disciples that now is the Son of Man glorified, and God is glorified through Him. Since God is glorified in Him, God will also glorify Him in Himself, and He will glorify Him immediately. Jesus addressed the disciples as dear to Him and told them that He will be with them for a little time. Then, they will look for Him, and just as He told the religious leaders, He is going where they cannot come (glc...at this time). Jesus gave the disciples a new commandment, that they love one another in the same way that Jesus showed love to them. (NET...” They are to follow His example of sacrificial service to one another, to death if necessary.” ) All people will know they are Jesus’ disciples if they have love for each other. Peter asked Jesus to explain where He was going. Jesus told Him that, at this time, Peter cannot follow where Jesus’ is going, but later he will follow. (glc...Peter was crucified perhaps 30 years after Jesus’ crucifixion) Peter asked why he couldn’t follow Jesus and said that he would die for Jesus. Jesus asked him to consider what he had just said. Jesus emphatically told Peter that Peter would deny Jesus three times before the next day.
(glc1 glc1 glc3 glc5) John 14:1-14 Jesus encouraged the disciples to not be upset with this news. He encouraged them to remember and keep their faith in God and to keep their faith in Him. Jesus told them that there is more than enough room for them (glc...and all believers) in heaven , and that He would have told them if this was not true. Jesus told them He was going away from them to prepare a place for them (NET...a permanent dwelling place) and that He would come back to take them with Him so that they could be where Jesus is. He also told them that they knew the way to where He was going. (NET...”The way he was going was via the cross. This he had also mentioned previously (e.g., 12:32) although his disciples did not understand at the time (cf. 12:33). As Jesus would explain in v. 6, although for him the way back to the Father was via the cross, for his disciples the “way” to where he was going was Jesus himself.”) Thomas said that the disciples did not know here Jesus was going so how could they know the way. Jesus told them, ‘I am the way, and the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father except through Me. If you have known Me, you will know my Father too. And from now on you do know Him and have seen Him.” (NET...”Jesus promises the disciples that, assuming they have known him, they will know the Father. “) Philip asked Jesus to show them the Father and then they would be satisfied. Jesus replied that He has been with them for along time and they certainly knew Him. The person who has seen (glc...understood) Jesus has seen the Father. (ESV...a clear claim to deity) Jesus asked them to consider why they would ask for Him to show them the Father. The disciples should consider that Jesus is in the Father and that the Father is in Jesus. (ESV...trinity ….Father, Son, Holy Spirit...Matthew 28:19; 2 Corinthians 13:14) Jesus did not speak just on His own initiative, but the Father in Him performed the miraculous deeds they witnessed. They should believe that Jesus is in the Father and the Father is in Jesus, but if they did not believe His words, they should believe because of the miracles that had taken place. Jesus emphatically told them that the person who believes in Jesus will perform the miracles Jesus had done, and will perform greater works than those because Jesus was going to the Father. (ESV...greater works will be possible because the Holy Spirit will be sent to them) (NET...”from a numerical standpoint, the deeds of Peter and the other Apostles surpassed those of Jesus in a single day (the day of Pentecost). On that day more were added to the church than had become followers of Jesus during the entire three years of his earthly ministry. And the message went forth not just in Judea, Samaria, and Galilee, but to the farthest parts of the known world. “) Jesus will do whatever you ask in His name. (glc...not because you say certain words, but because you ask in line with the will of Jesus and the Father. Closing a prayer with “In Jesus name we pray.” is OK if you are praying aligned with God’s will and character, and not saying those words is OK if you are praying aligned with God’s will and character.) (ESV… praying in Jesus’ name means praying in a way consistent with His character and His will) Jesus will act so that the Father may be glorified in the Son. Jesus repeated His promise that He would act on prayer requests.
(glc1 glc3 glc5) John 14:15-31 Those who sincerely love Jesus will obey His commandments. (ESV...willing obedience) For those who love Jesus, He will ask the Father to give them an advocate who will be with them forever-- (NET...advocate is a good term …. also ’helper,’ but not meaning subordinate to the believer) – This Spirit of truth, whom the world cannot receive because it does not perceive Him or know Him. But those who love Jesus know the Spirit because the Spirit remains in them and will be with them. Jesus tells them that He will not leave them alone and helpless but He will come to them. (NET...”“abandon you as orphans” could be understood as an idiom meaning, “leave you helpless.””) (NET...”another Johannine double meaning is found here, so that Jesus ‘returns’ to his disciples in one sense in his appearances to them after his resurrection, but in another sense he ‘returns’ in the person of the Holy Spirit to indwell them.”) After a short time people in the world will not see Jesus, but the disciples will see Jesus and because Jesus will be alive, they will have life also. When this takes place the disciples will know that Jesus is in the Father, and that they are in Jesus, and that Jesus is in them. The person who has Jesus’ commandments and obeys them is the person who truly loves Jesus. The person who loves Jesus will be loved by the Father, and Jesus will love him and will fully reveal Himself to them. Judas (a disciple but not Judas Iscariot) asked Jesus how it was possible that Jesus would reveal Himself to the disciples but not to the world. Jesus explained that those who love Jesus will obey His teachings, and the Father will love that person, and God will come to that person and live in that person. Jesus also told them that the person who does not love Jesus will not obey His teachings. The teachings that the disciples heard are not just from Jesus, but are from the Father who sent Jesus. Jesus told them that He spoke these teachings while He was living with them, but the Advocate, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in Jesus’ name, will instruct them and will help them remember all Jesus had said to them. Jesus spoke peace to them and gave them His peace in a way and with a purpose that is far superior to what the world can do. (ESV...peace is not just the state of no conflict, but includes positive blessing and a right relationship with God) Jesus counseled the disciples to not be distressed or afraid. Jesus reminded them that He had told them that He was going away and was coming back. Jesus instructed them that if they truly loved Jesus they would be glad that Jesus was going to the Father, because the Father is greater than Jesus is. (ESV...the Father is greater as the one who sends and commands...but it does not mean that Jesus is inferior to the Father...see John 1:1; 10:30; 20:28) (NET…” it seems evident that by the fact Jesus compares himself to the Father, his divine nature is taken for granted. “ ) Jesus told them what was going to happen before it happened so the disciples would believe after it happened. Jesus told them that he would not be with them much longer because Satan was about to be arrive (ESV...in the person of Judas and those with Judas). Satan has no power over Jesus, but Jesus is fulfilling all that the Father has commanded Him, as a testimony to the world that Jesus loves the Father. Jesus told the disciples it was time to leave the Upper Room. (NET...”Jesus could simply have stood up at this point (the disciples may or may not have stood with him) to finish the discourse before finally departing (in 18:1).” )
(glc3 glc5) John 15:1-8 Jesus gave the disciples an illustration of how they can have a productive spiritual life from Him. The situation is similar to a vineyard (glc...common in Israel) (NET…. OT scripture where Israel is called a vine Ps 80:8-16, Isa 5:1-7, Jer 2:21, Ezek 15:1-8; 17:5-10; 19:10-14, and Hos 10:1) . Jesus is the main vine and the Father is the gardener. The Father takes branches off the vine that are not producing fruit. Also, the Father prunes the branches that are bearing fruit so they will produce more fruit. The disciples should learn from Jesus, have godly behavior, and increase the works of God in the world. Jesus and the Father are concerned about having a healthy group of people connected to them and doing God’s will. The disciples were in a good state of spiritual health already because of the teachings Jesus gave them (NET...John 13:10 cleansed from sin). Jesus told them to stay connected to Jesus so He could stay connected to them. (NET… fruitfulness results from your position in Christ, not from human achievement) A disciple of Jesus will not produce godly works on their own, they must remain connected to Jesus to be productive for God and to show others they are a disciple of Jesus. (NET v7 means “When both of these qualifications are met, the disciples would in fact be asking in Jesus’ name and therefore according to his will.”)
(glc1 glc3 glc4 glc5) John 15:9-17 Jesus loved the disciples just as the Father loved Jesus. Jesus encouraged them to remain in Jesus’ love. Those who obey Jesus’ teachings will remain in Jesus’ love just as Jesus obeyed the Father’s will and remained in His love. Jesus gave the disciples this instruction so that Jesus’ joy would be in them and their joy would be complete or experienced. Jesus gives them a commandment to love each other just as Jesus loved them. (NET...”express itself in self-sacrifice for one another, sacrifice up to the point of death,”) The ultimate expression of love is to give up your life for your friends. Jesus told the disciples they were His friends if they did what He commanded them to do. Jesus no longer called them servants, because a servant is not told the reason for the master’s actions. Jesus calls them friends because he has told them all that He heard from His Father. The disciples did not choose Jesus. (NET... “the theme that Christians are “chosen” by God appears frequently in other NT texts (e.g., Rom 8:33; Eph 1:4ff.; Col 3:12; and 1 Pet 2:4).” ) (ESV….still, the disciples willingly decided to follow Jesus) Jesus chose the disciples and gave them the task of doing the work aligned with God’s will (ESV...be productive in fulfilling God’s purposes) , which will survive. When you are aligned with God’s and Jesus’ will God will give you what you ask for. Jesus again commands them to love each other.
(glc3 glc5) John 15:18- 27 Don’t be surprised if people in the world hate you, because they hated Jesus first. If you behaved and thought like people in the world then the people in the world would accept you and love you. But, because Jesus chose the disciples to be separate from the way of life and the thinking of people of the world, the people of the world hated them. Jesus reminded the disciples that He had told them that a servant is not greater than their master. Since the people of the world persecuted Jesus, they will persecute Jesus’ followers also. If people of the world understood and obeyed Jesus’ teachings they would understand and obey the teachings of the disciples. The people of the world will persecute Jesus’ followers because of who Jesus is and because they don’t really have a relationship with God the Father who sent Jesus. If Jesus and not come to Earth and delivered his teachings, these people would not be guilty of the sin of unbelief. But with all that Jesus did and said, they have no excuse for their sin. The person who hates Jesus also hates God the Father. If Jesus had not done miraculous deeds, that no other person could do, the people would not be guilty of sin. But the people did see the miraculous deeds and still hated Jesus and God the Father. All this took place to fulfill the Old Testament prophecy of Psalm 35:19 and 69:4 , ‘They hated me without reason.’ When the Holy Spirit, the Advocate, comes to the disciples, whom Jesus will send from God the Father – who is the Spirit of Truth proceeding from the Father – He will testify about Jesus, and Jesus’ disciples will also testify about Jesus, because they saw what Jesus did and heard what Jesus taught from the beginning of His ministry
(glc3 glc5) John 16:1–11 Jesus gave the disciples this explanation so they would not become discouraged and lose faith in the next few days. (NET...Jesus is concerned the disciples would fall away in the midst of their coming confusion and doubt when persecutions began after He departs to heaven.) He warned them that the religious leaders would excommunicate them and there would come a time when those who kill them will believe they are serving God. They will do these actions because they don’t really know God the Father or Jesus. Jesus told them these things so they would remember Jesus had told them what would happen. Jesus had not told them what would happen when they first became disciples because He was with them and there was no need for concern. But now the time had come for Jesus to go back to God the Father. But the disciples were not asking where Jesus was going because they were overwhelmed with sadness as they started to realize the big changes that were coming. Jesus emphatically told them that it was best that He goes away so that He would send the Advocate (glc...Holy Spirit) to them. Jesus told them that when the Advocate came to them He would/will show the world the truth about sin, righteousness, and judgment. He would/will show their sin because they do not believe Jesus’ claims and teachings. (NET...the Holy Spirit will prove them wrong) He would/will show their lack of righteousness because Jesus will be with the Father and no longer on Earth. (NET...guilty concerning sin because they refused to believe in Jesus..John 12:37) He would/will show judgment because Satan has been condemned. (NET...Jesus return to God the Father and glorification is His vindication in spite of the claims of Jesus’ opponents John 5:18; 7:12; 9:24; 10:33…) (NET….The judgment of Satan is not immediately executed, but it is certain.)
(glc3 glc5) John 16:12-24 Jesus had quite a bit more He would like them to know but the disciples were not ready to comprehend them, or not be upset by them, at this time. Jesus promised that when the Holy Spirit came to them, He would help them understand the truth. (NET...Jesus will continue to speak to the disciples ...and others...through the Holy Spirit .. 1 John 4:1-6) (NET...John 8:31,32 ….follow Jesus’ teachings, then you are a disciple, you will know the truth, the truth will set you free….Jesus is the source of what the Holy Spirit says) The Holy Spirit does not deliver messages just from His own initiative. He speaks what He hears (glc...from the Father and from Jesus) and will tell the disciples about the future. The Holy Spirit brings glory to Jesus because He passes on truths from Jesus to the disciples. All that God the Father has also belongs to Jesus so the Holy Spirit will be delivering God’s truth to the disciples. Jesus told the disciples that soon they would not see Jesus , but then after a short time (NET...’after a little while’ refers to the post-resurrection appearances of Jesus to the disciples) , they would see Him. Some of the disciples were confused about the message of not seeing Jesus and then seeing Jesus. They shared with each other that they did not understand. Jesus knew the disciples wanted a further explanation about the near future so He told them emphatically that they will have sorrow but the world will think all is well. They will be sad but their sadness will pass and change to joy. Jesus used the illustration of a woman giving birth. She has pain and trouble before the birth, but when the baby is born she no longer considers the suffering to be important because of her joy when the baby is born. (NET...the disciples will have real anguish at the crucifixion of Jesus….after Jesus’ resurrection and reappearance they will forget the anguish because they will have joy) (NET….Isaiah chapter 66 also has the imagery of a woman giving birth) Jesus told the disciples that soon they will have sorrow but He promised to see them after that and they would have joy that no one could take from them. When this takes place they will be able to make prayer requests to God the Father and He will give them to the disciples. (glc...see my (unfinished as of 2026) Bible study on the topic of praying (title … Prayer, A Topic Study of Aspects of Praying …. item 8. “In Jesus Name, Amen.”) Up until this time the disciples had not asked for things in Jesus name. (glc...had not prayed in full alignment with Jesus character and will) Jesus encouraged them to ask so they could receive, so their joy would be accomplished.
(glc3 glc5) John 16:25-33 Jesus admitted that He had not spoken plainly to the disciples about the Father. (NET...veiled saying, figure of speech, figurative speech with obscure or enigmatic elements) He also told them that there will be a time when He will speak plainly about the Father. At that time the disciples will be able to make requests to the Father that are aligned with Jesus’ nature. Jesus will not have to ask the Father on their behalf since the Father loves them because they love Jesus and believe that Jesus came from God. Jesus came from the Father and lived in the world, but now He is leaving the world and returning to the Father. The disciples let Jesus know that they understand better since He was not using confusing figures of speech. (NET...”The disciples will not fully understand all that Jesus has said to them until after his resurrection, when the Holy Spirit will give them insight and understanding John 16:13.” ) The disciples said that they know that Jesus knows everything and further explanations are not needed. Because of His direct speaking the disciples believed that Jesus came from God. Jesus remarked that now they finally believed. He warned them that shortly the disciples would be scattered to their separate homes. None of the disciples will stay with Him but Jesus will not be alone because the Father is with Him. Jesus told them these things so that believing in Jesus they would have peace. They would face troubles in the world, but they could be encouraged by the fact that Jesus is more powerful than the world.
(glc1 glc3 glc3 glc5) John 17:1-5 After Jesus spoke to His disciples, He spoke to God the Father and that he knew the end of His mission on Earth was drawing near. He asked that the Father would glorify the Son (glc...Him) so that the Son would glorify God the Father. Jesus voiced that He knew that God the Father had given Him authority over all people, including the authority to give eternal life to all people given to Him by God the Father. Jesus voiced that eternal life is knowing God the Father as the only true God, and Jesus Christ who was sent to Earth by God the Father. (NET...a quality of life, with its quality derived from a relationship with God. Having eternal life is here defined as being in relationship with the Father, the one true God, and Jesus Christ whom the Father sent. ) (NET...knowing God...For John this knowledge is not intellectual, but relational. It involves being in relationship. ) Jesus glorified God the Father on Earth by finishing the work God the Father had given Him. (NET...It is not without significance that Jesus’ last word from the cross is “It is completed” ) Jesus asked the Father to glorify Him at the Father’s side with the glory that Jesus had with the Father before Earth was created. (see John 1:1)
(glc1 glc3 glc5) John 17:6-19 Jesus prayed. He told the Father that He had given understanding about the Father to the men the Father had given to him. (NET...In one sense the name represents the person (cf. John 1:12) and thus Jesus by saying that he has revealed the Father’s name is saying that he has fully revealed who God is and what he is like ) (John 1:18; 8:19; 8:27; 10:38;12:45; 14:9-11) (ESV….”given to Him” … those who believed in Jesus and will believe in Jesus in the future.) Jesus said that the disciples understood that everything given to Jesus had come from the Father, because Jesus had spoken the truths the Father had given to Him. The disciples received and believed the message and understood that Jesus came from the Father and was sent to Earth by the Father. Jesus prayed for the disciples. Jesus did not pray for all the people in the world, but He did pray for those who believed in Him because those people belong to the Father. Jesus proclaimed that all He had belonged to the Father, and acknowledged that all the Father has belongs to Jesus, and Jesus had been glorified by the disciples. (NET... He could now say that he had been glorified by them in the light of what he had already said in vv. 7-8, that the disciples had come to know that he had come from the Father and been sent by the Father. He would, of course, be glorified by them further after the resurrection, as they carried on his ministry after his departure. ) Jesus said that He was not in the world (John 16:28 He is about to leave the world.) but the disciples are remaining in the world. Jesus proclaimed that He was coming to the Father. Jesus asked the Holy Father to keep His believers safe in continued faith and belief so they may be unified just as Jesus and the Father are one. In the time Jesus was with His believers, He kept them safe, guided, and protected them in the power and understanding the Father gave to Jesus. The only disciple that was lost was the one (glc….Judas) predicted to be lost by scripture (Psalm 41:9; 69:25; 109:8; see also Acts 1:20) (NET...“the son of destruction” (a Semitic idiom for one appointed for destruction; here it is a reference to Judas... The one destined to destruction refers to Judas. Clearly in John’s Gospel Judas is portrayed as a tool of Satan. ) (NET...A possible allusion to Ps 41:9 or Prov 24:22 LXX. The exact passage is not specified here, but in John 13:18, Ps 41:9 is explicitly quoted by Jesus with reference to the traitor, suggesting that this is the passage to which Jesus refers here. ) Jesus acknowledged that He was coming to the Father, and He was praying aloud so His followers would experience Jesus’ completed joy personally. Jesus gave His followers the Father’s message and the unbelieving people of the world hated the disciples because the disciples to not accept or live by the human principles of the world, just as Jesus did not accept or live by the human principles of the world. Jesus did not ask the Father to take His followers out of the world. He asked the Father to keep them from being dominated by Satan. The disciples did not accept or live by the principles of the world, just as Jesus did not accept or live by the principles of the world. Jesus asked the Father to commission the disciples into His Truth by using the truth of the Father’s message. (ESV...God’s word is truth itself. It embodies truth and is the standard of truth all else must be measured by.) Jesus sent His followers to other people in the world just as the Father had sent Jesus. Jesus committed Himself to His mission for the benefit of His followers, so that they would truly be committed. (NET...The nature of this prayer for the disciples as a consecratory prayer is now emerging: Jesus was setting them apart for the work he had called them to do. They were, in a sense, being commissioned.) (NET... But when Jesus speaks of setting himself apart (consecrating or dedicating himself) on behalf of the disciples here in 17:19 the meaning is closer to the consecration of a sacrificial animal (Deut 15:19). Jesus is “setting himself apart,” i.e. dedicating himself, to do the will of the Father, that is, to go to the cross on the disciples’ behalf (and of course on behalf of their successors as well). )
(glc3 glc3 glc5) John 17:20–26 Jesus prayer for unity was for the current believers in Him and for future believers who would come to faith in Jesus as a result of the testimony of earlier believers in Jesus. (NET... The disciples whom Jesus is leaving behind will carry on his ministry and in doing so will see others come to trust in Jesus. This will include not only Jewish Christians, but other Gentile Christians who are “not of this fold” (10:16), and thus Jesus’ prayer for unity is especially appropriate in light of the probability that most of the readers of the Gospel are Gentiles ) This unity was intended for all believers, that they would be unified in motives and mission just as Jesus and the Father are unified in each other. Jesus prayed that believers would be united with Jesus and the Father (ESV….spiritual union and fellowship) so others in the world would believe that the Father sent Jesus to Earth. Jesus gave the glory, that the Father had given to Him (ESV...the manifestation of the excellence of God’s entire character in Jesus’ life) , to His believers to help the believers be unified – Jesus in them and the Father in Jesus – so that there would be fully unified to help the world know that Jesus was sent by the Father, and that the Father loves them just as the Father loves Jesus. Jesus expressed his desire that believers in Him would have a future position with Jesus so they would see Jesus’ glory, the glory the Father gave Jesus because the Father loved Jesus before the creation of the universe (ESV...the love and interpersonal interaction between Father, Son, and Holy Spirit has existed eternally) . Jesus acknowledged that the Father is righteous. Regardless that the unbelieving world does not know the Father, Jesus knows the Father and believers in Jesus know that the Father sent Jesus to Earth. Jesus brought understanding of the Father to the believers and continues to do so, so that the love the Father gave to Jesus will be with the believers and that Jesus would be in and with the believers.
(glc3 glc4 glc5) John 18:1-11 After Jesus had spoken to the 11 disciples in the Upper Room, they went outside the city to an orchard on the lower slopes of the Mount of Olives (Google...a ridge with olive groves) where they had gathered before. (Google...The Kidron valley is an often-dry streambed NE of the temple.) Judas would have know this was a likely place for Jesus to be. Judas came with officers from the religious leaders but also with Roman soldiers to make the arrest of Jesus more certain (see the failed arrest attempt in John 7:32-52). This group had torches to help in their search for Jesus and weapons in case there was resistance. (NET...Mention of the lanterns and torches suggests a detail remembered by one who was an eyewitness) (glc...the arrest was done at night so the public would not possibly be there to support Jesus, and, done at night with the symbolism of evil and dark deeds, in the world). Jesus guided the interaction with the arresting officers to focus their attention on Him rather than including the disciples of Jesus. When Jesus speaks “I AM” the person they are looking for the arresting group of grown men (glc...including Judas) fall back (glc...a short distance) (ESV...falling to the ground is a common reaction to divine revelation) . Jesus again guides the focus of the arrest away from the disciples. (NET...Jesus own statement of John 17:12 is fulfilled ...not an OT prophecy when the disciples are not arrested.) (glc...but see John 13:18 and Psalm 41:9). Peter had a sword and cut off part of the ear of one of the arresting group. (NET...The account of the attack on the high priest’s slave contains details which suggest eyewitness testimony.) Jesus told Peter to stop the fighting since Jesus was ready to follow the will of God the Father.
(glc4 glc5 ) John 18:12-14 Jesus was arrested and tied up. He was taken to the house of Annas, the father-in-law of the current high priest, Caiaphas. (NET...Although Annas no longer technically held the office, he may well have managed to control those relatives of his who did hold it from behind the scenes. ) (Caiaphas had given advice to the religious leaders that it was best that one man die for the country. John 11:49,50)
(glc5 ) John 18:15- 18 Peter and another disciple followed the arresting officers to the home of Annas. (NET...on the whole it seems most probable that the disciple who accompanied Peter and gained entry into the courtyard for him was John son of Zebedee. ) This other disciple spoke to the servant girl who was watching the door and was able to have Peter admitted to the grounds of the home. This servant girl asked if Peter was a disciple of Jesus. Peter denied it. Peter was standing around a fire with the servants and guards.
(glc5) John 18:19-24 Annas questioned Jesus about Jesus’ disciples and Jesus’ teachings. Jesus pointed out that He had always given his teachings in public places and suggested that Annas ask people to speak about His teachings. (ESV...Annas main concern was theological) One of the officers didn’t like the way Jesus spoke to Annas so he struck Jesus on the face. Jesus pointed out that the officer should tell Him what was wrong with the way He spoke to Annas, and if the officer could not do that he should consider why he struck Jesus. (ESV...truthful self defense is righteous) Annas kept Jesus tied up and had Jesus taken to Caiaphas, the high priest.
(glc3 glc5) John 18:25- 27 Those standing near Peter asked if Peter was one of Jesus’ disciples. Peter denied it emphatically. A relative of the man whose ear Peter had cut off with the sword asked Peter if he had seen Peter in the orchard. Peter denied it and then the rooster crowed fulfilling Jesus’ statement that Peter would deny Jesus three times. see John 13:36-38
(glc4 glc5) John 18:28-32 Jesus was taken from Caiaphas’ home to the residence of the Roman governor (glc…Pilate). It was early in the morning of the Sabbath day and the Jews did not want to go into the Roman residence as they would then be considered to be contaminated and unable to participate in the Jewish Passover ceremonies that would take place on this day. Pilate came to them outside his residence and asked them what charges they had against Jesus. The religious leaders were a little surprised at this and told Pilate that Jesus was a criminal. (glc...They expected Pilate to go along with their judgment.) Pilate wanted the Jews to judge Jesus according to their Jewish laws and not bother him. The Jews replied to Pilate that Roman rule did not allow the Jews to put someone to death. (glc...This whole sequence led to the fulfillment of Jesus’ words on how He would die. John 12:32)
(glc2 glc3 glc5 ) John 18:33-38a Pilate had Jesus brought into his residence and asked Jesus if He was the king of the Jews. Jesus asked Pilate if he this was Pilate’s own question or if others had prompted him to ask this question. Pilate quickly replied that he was not a Jew and that Jesus own people, Jews, and religious leaders had delivered Him to Pilate. Pilate asked what Jesus had done to provoke the Jews. Jesus told Pilate that His kingdom was not an earthly kingdom, and that if it was an earthly kingdom his followers would have fought to prevent Jesus from being taken by the Jewish leaders. Jesus repeats that His kingdom is not an earthly kingdom. Pilate calls Jesus a king. Jesus accepts Pilate’s label that He is a king. Jesus tells Pilate that He is on Earth to testify to the truth, and that all who belong to the truth listen to Jesus words. Pilate asks “What is truth?” (ESV...Pilate likely “viewed Jesus as a teacher of abstract philosophical questions to which no one had an answer”)
(glc3 glc5) John 18:38b-40 Pilate went outside and told the Jewish leaders that he did not find a basis for their charges against Jesus. Pilate offered to continue his custom of releasing one prisoner at Passover and proposed that he release “the king of the Jews.” The religious leaders strongly decline and instead propose that Barabbas, a revolutionary (NET), should be released.
(glc3 glc5) John 19:1–11 Pilate had Jesus flogged (NET...probably not severely flogged until after Pilate has the soldiers take Jesus to be crucified, then the flogging would be severe punishment before the crucifixion. This would have led to torn flesh and bleeding.) The soldiers put a crown of thorns on Jesus’ head, put a purple robe on Him, mocked Him, and hit his face. Pilate had Jesus taken outside to present Him to the religious leaders. Pilate told them that he did not find serious charges against Jesus. The religious leaders shouted to Pilate that Jesus should be crucified. (NET... Pilate’s words constituted an unconscious allusion to Zech 6:12, “Look, here is the man whose name is the Branch.” In this case Pilate (unknowingly and ironically) presented Jesus to the nation under a messianic title. ) (NET... Crucifixion was the cruelest form of punishment practiced by the Romans. Roman citizens could not normally undergo it. It was reserved for the worst crimes, like treason and evasion of due process in a capital case. ) Pilate tells the Jews to crucify Jesus and that the charges were baseless. (NET... Pilate’s statement should be understood as one of frustration and perhaps sarcasm. ) The Jews tell Pilate that Jesus has violated their law because Jesus claimed to be the Son of God. This made Pilate unsettled and he asked Jesus where He came from. Jesus did not answer. Pilate was frustrated and told Jesus that he had authority to release or crucify Jesus. Jesus told Pilate that his authority was given to him from heaven so the religious leaders were guilty of greater sin in condemning Jesus.
(glc3 glc5) John 19:12–16 Pilate was looking for a way to release Jesus. But the religious leaders told him that if he released a person who claimed to be a king, Pilate would be in danger of disapproval from Caesar. Pilate had Jesus taken outside and Pilate sat in the seat of judgment. It was about noon on the day of preparation before Passover. (ESV...This would be about the time when lambs were sacrificed for the Passover) Pilate announced to the religious leaders that he was presenting the King of the Jews. They shouted that Jesus should be taken away and crucified. Pilate asked if he should crucify their king and the Jewish leaders responded that Caesar was their king.. (glc..it seems to me that both sides were trying to gain something from this situation with Jesus...the religious leaders wanted to get rid of a challenger to their religious authority and their place in the system...Pilate wanted the Jews to submit to Roman rule) Jesus was taken away to be crucified.
(glc3 glc4 glc5) John 16b-27 Jesus carried His cross (NET...perhaps just the horizontal piece) to Golgotha (glc...just outside the city) where Jesus was crucified. (NET... the soldiers forced Simon to take the cross; Luke 23:26 states that the cross was placed on Simon so that it might be carried behind Jesus. A reasonable explanation of all this is that Jesus started out carrying the cross until he was no longer able to do so, at which point Simon was forced to take over. ) Two others were also crucified, one on each side of Jesus (see Isaiah 53:12). Pilate had a sign attached to the cross, “Jesus the Nazarene, the king of the Jews. “ Many residents of Jerusalem (glc...and perhaps visitors in the region for Passover) read the sign which was written in Aramaic, Latin, and Greek. The religious leaders wanted Pilate to change the sign to read that Jesus said He was the king of the Jews. Pilate refused to change the sign. (NET... Jesus really was the King of the Jews, although he was a king rejected by his own people ) The Roman soldiers divided up Jesus clothes, except for the one-piece, longer tunic. They threw gambling dice to see who would get the tunic. This fulfilled Psalm 22:18 “They divided my garments among them, and for my clothing they threw dice.” (NET... A reference to Ps 69:21 or Ps 22:15. ) Standing near the cross were His mother, his mother’s sister, Mary the wife of Clopas, and Mary Magdalene. Jesus committed His mother to live with a disciple (glc...John). (ESV...”Jesus made provision for His mother”)
(glc1 glc3 glc4 glc5) John 19:28-37 Jesus now knew that his ministry on Earth was completed so He said He was thirsty. The soldiers put a sponge soaked with sour wine to Jesus lips. Jesus said “It is completed.” (ESV...”all the work the Father had sent Him to accomplish was now completed, particularly His work of bearing the penalty for sins”) Then he let his head dropped and gave up his spirit (glc...died) (ESV...”His human spirit”) . The Jewish leaders did not want dead bodies on the crosses because it was the day before the Passover so they asked Pilate to have the legs broken so they would die more quickly. (NET... the priests had the entire afternoon of 14th Nisan in which to complete the slaughter of the Passover lambs. According to the Fourth Gospel, this is the time Jesus was dying on the cross.) (NET... This was based on the law of Deut 21:22-23 and Josh 8:29 that specified the bodies of executed criminals who had been hanged on a tree should not remain there overnight. ) The legs of the other two criminals were broken but the soldiers found that Jesus was already dead so they did not break his legs. One of the soldiers pierced Jesus’ side with a spear and blood and water came out. (ESV … “Jesus truly died as a fully human being with a genuine human body”) (NET... blood and water that flowed out from Jesus’ side to be understood? This is probably to be connected with the statements in 1 John 5:6-8. In both passages water, blood, and testimony are mentioned. The Spirit is also mentioned in 1 John 5:7 as the source of the testimony, while here the testimony comes from one of the disciples (19:35). ) (NET...(NET... For the author, the water which flowed out of Jesus’ side was a symbolic reference to the Holy Spirit who could now be given because Jesus was now glorified (cf. 7:39); Jesus had now departed and returned to that glory which he had with the Father before the creation of the world (cf. 17:5). The mention of blood recalls the motif of the Passover lamb as a sacrificial victim. ) One of Jesus’ followers was an eyewitness to all of this. Prophecies were fulfilled: Not a bone of his will be broken.” (Exodus 12:46, Numbers 9:12, and Psalms 34:20 ) and, “They will look on the one whom they have pierced. “ ( Zechariah 12:10 )
(glc4) John 19:38-42 Joseph of Arimathea ( Matthew 27; Mark 15; Luke 23), a secret disciple of Jesus because he feared the religious leaders, received permission from Pilate to bury Jesus. Joseph and Nicodemus (John 3; John 7) bury Jesus using cloth and burial spices in a nearby tomb that no one had been buried in before. (NET... The Passover and the Sabbath would begin at 6 p.m., so those who had come to prepare and bury the body could not afford to waste time. )
(glc3 glc4 ) John 20:1-9 While it was still dark on Sunday morning, Mary Magdalene came to the tomb (ESV...it is likely she came to complete burial preparations not done because of the closeness of the Sabbath after the burial) and saw that the tomb was not longer closed, the stone that closed the entrance had been moved away. She ran back to Peter and the other disciples and told them Jesus was not in the tomb and she didn’t know where He was. Peter and another disciple (probably John) ran to the tomb. John reached the tomb first and saw the burial cloths but did not go into the tomb. Peter arrived and went into the tomb. Peter saw the burial cloths lying where the body had been and the face cloth rolled up and placed by itself. (NET...” the condition of the graveclothes indicated was that the body of Jesus had not been stolen by thieves. Anyone who had come to remove the body (whether the authorities or anyone else) would not have bothered to unwrap it before carrying it off. ….they would certainly not have bothered to take time to roll up the face cloth and leave the other wrappings in an orderly fashion.” ) (ESV...it is reasonable to assume Jesus removed the burial cloths after His life was restored) then John entered the tomb, saw the situation, and believed (NET...” he believed that Jesus had risen from the dead.”) (glc...believed a miracle had taken place). The disciples did not fully understand from scripture that Jesus must rise from the dead.
(glc3 glc4 glc5) John 20:10-18 The disciples (glc...Peter and John??) went back to the homes where they were staying. Mary (glc...Magdalene) stayed outside the tomb crying. She looked into the tomb and saw two angels in white sitting where Jesus’ body had been laid. They asked Mary why she was crying. Mary answered that someone had taken Jesus’ body to an unknown location. After she had said this she turned around and saw a person, Jesus, that she presumed was the caretaker of the garden. Jesus asked Mary why she was crying and who she was looking for. Mary asked the presumed caretaker if he had carried Jesus’ body away so Mary could take the body. Jesus spoke directly to Mary and called her by name. (glc...Mary had not told the supposed caretaker her name.) (ESV...John 10:3,4 He calls his own sheep by name...They know His voice) Mary looked at Jesus and said “Rabboni” (teacher) (glc...Mary now knew the person was Jesus.) Jesus told her that she could not touch Him because He had not yet ascended to His Father. Jesus told Mary to His brothers (glc...the disciples) (ESV...Hebrews 2:12,17) and tell them He was ascending to His Father and to their Father, to His God and to their God. Mary went to the disciples and told them she had seen Jesus and then told them the message.
(glc1 glc3 glc4 glc5) John 20:19- 23 That same Sunday evening the disciples were together in a room with locked doors because the disciples feared the Jewish leaders would take action against them. Jesus came into their midst (ESV...Peter went through a door that had been locked in Acts 12:10...perhaps the door unlocked and opened...Jesus had a physical body) and said “Peace be with you.” Then he showed them the wounds on his hands and side. The disciples were filled with joy at seeing Jesus. (NET... a fulfillment of Jesus’ words to the disciples in the Farewell Discourse (16:20-22) that they would have ….lasting joy when they saw him again.”) Jesus calmed them down and again said “Peace be with you.” Jesus told them that He was sending the disciples just as God the Father had sent Him. Jesus breathed on them and told them to receive the Holy Spirit. (NET...recall Gen 2:7 where “the Lord God ...breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living being.” … there is the imagery of Ezek 37:1-14, ...the resurrection of the dry bones…. see also John 7:38-39, ‘Out from within him will flow rivers of living water.’ (Now he said this about the Spirit whom those who believed in him were going to receive; for the Spirit had not yet been given, because Jesus was not yet glorified.”) …….….What about the coming of the Holy Spirit in Acts 2? ... This was the giving of life itself, which flowed out from within (cf. 7:38-39). The giving of power for witnessing, etc. would occur ... on the day of Pentecost) Jesus told them that if they forgave anyone’s sin, the sin is forgiven, and if they don’t forgive the sin, the sin remains. (NET...”closest parallel is in Matt 16:19 and 18:18. ...not referring to apostolic power to forgive or retain the sins of individuals ...but to the “power” of proclaiming this forgiveness .…) (ESV… the church proclaims the gospel message… those who believe in Jesus have their sins forgiven … and those who do not believe do not have their sins forgiven)
(glc3 glc4 glc5) John 20:24-31 The disciple Thomas was not with the other 10 when Jesus had appeared. Thomas would not believe their report that Jesus had been there. He said he would need to see and touch the wounds on Jesus for himself before he would believe Jesus had been there. Eight days later (ESV...again a Sunday...the starting day is included in the count) the disciples were together in the house with Thomas. Even though the doors were locked Jesus came among them and said “Peace be with you!” Jesus told Thomas to touch the wounds and examine them so he would believe. Thomas replied, “My Lord and My God!” (NET...”John 1:1 and 1:14 : The Word was God, and the Word became flesh --Jesus of Nazareth--. .... By being lifted up in crucifixion (which led in turn to his death, resurrection, and exaltation with the Father) Jesus has revealed his true identity as both Lord and God “) (ESV...Thomas statement is his confession of his newly found faith in Jesus as his Lord and God) Jesus told him he believed because he saw Jesus, and blessed are those who believe without seeing Jesus. (ESV...readers of the Gospel of John are at no disadvantage...See 1 Peter 1:8 and 2 Corinthians 5:7)...see Jesus did many miracles that were witnessed by the disciples that are not recorded in the gospel of John. The miracles that are recorded should help you believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and with this belief you will have life in His name. (NET...”the author wrote to...: (1) witness to unbelievers concerning Jesus, in order that they come to believe in him and have eternal life; and (2) strengthen the faith of believers, by deepening and expanding their understanding of who Jesus is.”)
(glc3 glc4) John 21:1-14 The disciples encountered Jesus again near the Sea of Tiberias. (glc...Many of the disciples lived near the Sea of Galilee before they were called by Jesus to follow Him.) Peter, Thomas (“the twin”), Nathanael, James and John, and two other disciples went fishing with Peter. After fishing all night they had not caught anything. (ESV...”fish caught in the night could be sold as fresh in the morning”) Early in the morning they could see someone on the beach but they did not know it was Jesus. Jesus remarked to them that they did not have any fish. Jesus told them to cast their net on the right side of the boat. They did so and many fish were in the net. The disciple whom Jesus loved (ESV...almost certainly John) told Peter “It is the Lord!” Peter picked up his outer clothes and wrapped them around him. Then he jumped into the water to go to the shore. (ESV…. Believing himself inadequately dressed to greet the Lord, Peter threw his outer garment around himself….not necessarily putting the outer clothes on while in the boat... and dived into the sea. ) (glc...the load of fish in the net would have made the boat hard to move towards shore) The other disciples brought the boat and net with the fish towards the shore, about 100 yards away. When all the disciples were on the shore they saw a fire with a fish already on it, and bread. Jesus told them to bring some of the fish from the net. Peter pulled the net with the 153 fish onto the shore. (ESV...”these details as indicative of an eyewitness account “ “Perhaps the reader is simply to understand this as the abundance which results from obedience to Jesus,” ) Jesus invited the disciples to eat. The disciples knew the person was Jesus. Jesus gave some of the bread and fish to the disciples.
(glc3 glc4 glc5) John 21:15-19 After the ate Jesus asked Peter if he loved Jesus more than the other disciples (AMP...love with reasoning, intentional, spiritual devotion) . Peter answered that yes, he loved Jesus (AMP...with deep, personal affection, as for a close friend) . Jesus told Peter to “Feed My lambs.” Jesus asked Peter if he loved Jesus more than the other disciples (AMP...love with reasoning, intentional, spiritual devotion) . Peter answered that yes, he loved Jesus (AMP...with deep, personal affection, as for a close friend) . Jesus told Peter to “Shepherd My sheep.” A third time Jesus asked Peter if he loved Jesus more than the other disciples (AMP...love with reasoning, intentional, spiritual devotion) . Peter was distressed now and answered that Jesus knew everything including that he loved Jesus (AMP...with deep, personal affection, as for a close friend) . Jesus told Peter to “Feed My sheep.” Jesus emphatically told Peter that when he is older people will control him, tie him up, and take him where he does not want to go. Jesus was telling Peter how he would die to glorify God. Then Jesus told Peter, “Follow me.”
(glc3 glc4 glc5) John 21:20-25 Peter saw the disciple Jesus loved ( glc...John) and asked Jesus what the future held for that disciple. Jesus told Peter that Jesus plan for that disciple should not concern Peter even if the plan was for John to live. Jesus told Peter to keep his mind on Jesus. This conversation caused a rumor that John was not going to die, but Jesus did not say that. Jesus simply said His plan for John should not concern Peter. The Gospel of John is an eyewitness account and is true. Jesus also did many, many, many other things that are not recorded in this gospel book. (ESV...”Everything that Jesus did during his three and one-half years of earthly ministry is not known…. There is far more to know about Jesus than could ever be written down, or even known.” ) (glc…We can’t completely comprehend Jesus and his teachings, but we have enough written down that we can fully believe in Jesus’ teachings, and his sacrifice for our sins through his death, and his testimony of being alive after having died.)
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ACTS
(glc2 glc3 glc4 glc6) Acts 1:1-5 After he died, Jesus was taken up to heaven. The Holy Spirit gave Jesus’ directions to the apostles Jesus chose. Jesus came to the apostles in person after he died and gave solid proof that he was alive for forty days. He taught the apostles about the kingdom of God.
(glc2 glc3 glc6) Acts 1:6-11 The apostles were anticipating that Jesus would free Israel from Rome’s control (ESV) and restore Israel as a kingdom under God’s control. Jesus told the apostles he Holy Spirit would be in them and they would witness about Jesus in Jerusalem, Judea and Samaria, and throughout the Earth. Then Jesus ascended into the sky in a cloud. Angels told the apostles the Jesus was now in heaven but would come back in the future in the same way that he left Earth.
(glc6) Acts 1:12-26 The apostles, women, including Mary, Jesus’ mother, and Jesus’ brothers were in the upper room praying. Peter spoke about how the Old Testament prophecies were fulfilled concerning Judas’ betrayal. The group prayed for the Lord to help them select a man who had been a witness to Jesus’ life to take Judas’ place among the apostles.
(glc6) Acts 2:1-13 On Pentecost (Old Testament: 50 days after Passover New Testament: 49 days after Easter) all of Jesus’ followers (ESV...120 people) were together and a loud sound filled the house were they were gathered. The Holy Spirit fills all of them and they speak in tongues as the Holy Spirit enables them. Jews from various nations (glc...verses 9,10,11 and compare to 1 Peter 1:1) who were genuinely seeking God were in Jerusalem and heard the sound and then heard Jesus’ followers speaking their native languages about God’s great deeds (glc...gospel message).
(glc1 glc3 glc4 glc5 glc6) Acts 1:14-36 Peter and the other eleven apostles stood up. Peter told the Jews that the Jews were witnessing the fulfillment of what the prophet Joel wrote (Joel 2:28-32) … God will pour out His Spirit on all people … on men and women … everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved (glc...put their faith in God). Peter told them that Jesus had been verified by God with the miracles God did through Jesus… and they should acknowledge they were aware of these miracles. Jesus was a man on Earth who was fulfilling God’s plan through His execution on the cross. God raised Jesus to life as David wrote (in Psalm 16:8-11) so that Jesus, God’s holy one, would not experience decay (glc...in the grave) . Peter spoke that David, a prophet, had known that one of his descendants (glc...Jesus) would sit on God’s throne. David spoke about the resurrection of the Christ (NET...anointed one). Peter told the people that they witnessed that Jesus was raised up by God, and now Jesus is beside God in heaven. All Israel should know the God made the crucified Jesus both Lord and Christ.
(glc1 glc6) Acts 2:37-41 The people believed Peter’s preaching and asked all the apostles what they should do. Peter told the to repent, be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of sins, and receive the Holy Spirit. (glc...I believe all Christians receive the Holy Spirit when they first put their faith in Jesus ( Romans 8:9; Ephesians 1:13,14; 1 Corinthians 12:13), and Christians can receive a further filling and gifts from the Holy Spirit ( 1 Corinthians 12:1-31; Ephesians 5:18). About 3,000 people put their faith in Jesus on this day.
(glc6) Acts 2:42-47 The believers devoted themselves to the apostles’ teaching, to fellowship, to eating together, and to prayer. God worked through the apostles to do miracles. The group met the needs of people in the group. The Lord brought in more believers every day.
(glc3 glc6) Acts 3:1-26 Peter provided healing through the power of Jesus to a lame man. People in the temple recognized the healed man as the person who had been lame. Peter used the attention this caused to preach to the people that Jesus was God’s glorified servant. The Jewish people had caused Jesus’ death. They had rejected the Holy and Righteous Jesus. They killed the giver of life, but Jesus’ followers witnessed that God raised Him from the dead. Faith in Jesus’ name (ESV...all that is true about the person, and therefore...the person himself) healed the lame man. Peter identifies himself with the Jewish people to tell them they acted in ignorance. God, through the prophets, had told Israel that the Christ would suffer (NBC...Jesus identified the suffering servant with the Messiah). Peter called on the people to repent and change their beliefs back to God so their sins would be forgiven and they would be refreshed by God and receive the Messiah, Jesus (glc...be saved). Jesus is in heaven until the proper time. Moses wrote (Deuteronomy 18:15) that God would raise up a special prophet who must be obeyed (NET...this person reveals the plan of God and the way of God) . The person who does not obey will be destroyed. Other Old Testament prophets wrote about what was currently taking place in Jerusalem. God sent Jesus to the Jews to turn them from sin.
(glc1 glc6) Acts 4:1-22 The religious leaders were angry that Peter and John were teaching that Jesus had risen from the dead. Peter and John were put into prison but about 5,000 men believed their gospel message. (ESV...now the total number of Christians would have been in excess of 10,000) On the next day, the religious leaders questioned Peter and John. Peter was motivated by the Holy Spirit to tell them that the man was healed by the name (glc...by the authority) of Jesus Christ, whom God raised from the dead. Peter paraphrased Psalm 118:22 saying that Jesus was rejected by the leaders but is now the cornerstone (glc...of relation to God). Only Jesus can provide salvation. The leaders were amazed by the boldness of Peter and John since they were uneducated. They knew they had been with Jesus. The leaders could not argue since the healed man was standing there. The leaders admitted that a miracle had been done through Peter and John. The leaders ordered Peter and John to stop teaching about Jesus. Peter and John told them to consider if Peter and John should obey men or obey God, and that they must speak about what they know about Jesus. The leaders threatened Peter and John and then released them. The people were praising God for the miracle.
(glc1 glc6) Acts 4:23-31 Peter and John gave a report to the believers on their interview by the religious leaders. The group praised God loudly for His greatness and recalled Psalm 2:1,2 that questions why leaders of nations act foolishly and assemble against God and His Christ. The reviewed that Pilate, Gentiles, and Jews rejected Jesus, God’s holy and anointed servant, in line with God’s plan. The group asked God to help them proclaim the gospel message with courage and that God would provide more miraculous signs through the name (glc...authority) of Jesus. After they prayed, the house where they were was shaken, and they were filled with the Holy Spirit (glc...again) and spoke the gospel message courageously. They changed from an attitude of hiding in fear, to an attitude of having courage to speak God’s message.
(glc6) Acts 4:32-37 The believers had unity and shared possessions with each other. The apostles preached with power about the resurrection of Jesus and God’s unmerited favor was on the believers. Barnabas, from Cyprus, sold land and gave the money to the apostles.
Acts 5:1-11 Ananias and Sapphria sold some property and lied about the money amount. They both died. Skip
(glc6) Acts 5:12-16 The apostles did many miraculous signs. The people honored them but had reluctance to join the believers as they met in Solomon’s Portico (ESV...in the temple area). Many men and women came to believe in Jesus and many people were healed.
(glc6) Acts 5:17-42 The religious leaders were jealous of the apostles’ popularity with the people. The apostles were put in jail but during the night and angel of the Lord opened the doors of the jail, led them outside, and told them to proclaim the gospel message. The apostles started teaching in the temple courts at daybreak. The religious leaders found out that the apostles were not in the jail. The leaders were told that the apostles were teaching in the temple courts. The apostles were brought to the religious leaders. Peter and the apostles told them that they had to obey God rather than obey the religious leaders. Peter and the apostles explained that God had raised Jesus from the dead and exalted Jesus to God’s side to be the leader and savior, and to give repentance and forgiveness of sins to Israel. They proclaimed that they were witnesses of all that had happened, and that the Holy Spirit, whom God gave to believers, also is a witness. The leaders were very angry at these words. The respected Pharisee, Gamaliel, counseled the leaders to not act hastily because if the apostles were just giving their own teaching their movement would die out, but if they were really from God, the leaders could not stop them. The leaders had the apostles beaten, told them to stop speaking about Jesus, and released them. The apostles rejoiced that they were considered worthy to suffer for Jesus’ name. The apostles continued to teach and proclaim the gospel message that Jesus was the Christ in the temple courts and from house to house.
(glc6) Acts 6:1-7 The widows in group of Greek-speaking Jewish Christians were being neglected for daily food. The apostles let the group appoint seven men to rectify this concern so the apostles could continue to pray and spread the gospel message. This allowed the word of God to continue to spread such that many more in Jerusalem became disciples of Jesus, including many Jewish priests.
Acts 6:8-15 Stephen (glc...one who had been selected to distribute food) performed miracles among the people of Jerusalem. Some Jews from foreign lands tried to have a spiritual argument with Stephen but failed to win the argument. So these Jews conspired to have some men accuse Stephen of blaspheming Moses and God. Stephen was arrested and taken to the Jewish council. False witnesses claimed that Stephen was speaking against the temple and the Mosaic law. Stephen was not frightened. Skip
(glc1) Acts 7:1-53 Stephen gave a summary of the religious history of the Jewish people from Abraham to Moses. Then Stephen rebuked the religious leaders for resisting the Holy Spirit just as their ancestors had done by persecuting prophets. He rebuked them for betraying and murdering the Righteous One (glc...Jesus). He rebuked them for not obeying the law given to Israel through the ministry of angels.
(glc3) Acts 7:54-60 The Jewish people started to show their anger. Stephen was prompted by the Holy Spirit to look up and He saw the glory of God and Jesus standing by God. Stephen told them what he saw. The Jews refused to listen any longer and forced him out of the city to stone him, with Saul nearby. Stephen called out for Jesus to receive his spirit and then asked the Lord to not hold the sin of killing him against the Jews. Stephen died.
(glc6) Acts 8:4 The persecution caused many believers to leave Jerusalem and this had the result that the good news was taught in a wider region.
(glc1 glc2 glc6) Acts 8:9-13 People in Samaria believed Philip’s message of the good news about the kingdom of God and Jesus Christ. These new believers, men and women, were baptized. Many miracles occurred.
(glc6) Acts 8:14-17 The apostles in Jerusalem were told that people in Samaria had accepted the gospel, so they sent Peter and John to “Now when the apostles in Jerusalem heard that Samaria had accepted the word of God, they sent Peter and John to them. Peter and John prayed for the people to receive the Holy Spirit.
(glc6) Acts 8:25 Peter and John taught the word of the Lord in Samaria. When they traveled back to Jerusalem they preached the good news to many Samaritan villages.
(glc6) Acts 8:26-38 Philip obeyed an angel of God and met an Ethiopian Eunuch who had been in Jerusalem to worship. The Holy Spirit told Philip to go to the man’s chariot. Philip heard the man reading from Isaiah 53:7,8 and Philip asked him if he understood the passage. The man asked Philip to explain it. Philip used this passage and others to tell the good news about Jesus to him. The man asked to be baptized and Philip baptized him.
(glc6) Acts 8:39,40 The Holy Spirit took Philip to Azotus (on the Mediterranean coast west of Jerusalem). Philip traveled north from there towards Caesarea and preached the good news in villages as he traveled the 50 to 60 miles.
(glc3) Acts 9:1-9 Saul went to Damascus with the authority to arrest Christian men and women. As Saul and his group were traveling on the road there was a bright light from heaven and Jesus spoke to Saul. Jesus asked Saul why he was persecuting Jesus (glc...Christians form the body of Christ 1 Corinthians 12:12-27; Ephesians 1:22,23; Colossians 1:18) . Jesus told Saul to go in to Damascus where he would be told what to do. Saul could not see and he fasted for three days.
(gloc3 glc6) Acts 9:10-22 The Lord told a Christian in Damascus, Ananias, to go to Saul to heal Saul’s vision. The Lord told Ananias that Saul was the Lord’s chosen instrument to bring the gospel message to Gentiles, kings, and Jewish people, and that Saul would suffer because of spreading the gospel message. Ananias went to Saul and explained the Lord Jesus sent Ananias to restore Saul’s sight and to help Saul be filled with the Holy Spirit. Saul’s vision was healed and Saul was baptized. Saul lived with Christians in Damascus for several days and then started preaching that Jesus is the son of God in synagogues. Saul grew in effectiveness in his preaching and upset some of the Jews as he proved that Jesus is the Christ.
Acts 9:23-25 The Jews wanted to kill Saul but the Christians helped Saul escape from the city. Skip
(glc6) Acts 9:26-31 Saul went to Jerusalem but the disciples didn’t want to meet with him because they did not trust that Saul had put his faith in Jesus. Barnabas brought Saul to the apostles and explained Saul’s conversion experience and how Saul preached boldly about Jesus in Damascus. Saul was accepted and preached boldly about Jesus in Jerusalem. Greek-speaking Jews sought to kill Saul so the Christians took Saul to Caesarea and then to his home in Tarsus. The church in Judea, Galilee, and Samaria had peace and grew as they lived in reverent fear of the Lord and had encouragement from the Holy Spirit.
(glc3 glc6) Acts 9:32-35 Peter was traveling in the region (glc...spreading the gospel??) and visited Christians in Lydda (Google….25 miles northwest of Jerusalem, 9 miles southeast of Joppa). Peter proclaimed to a paralyzed man that “Jesus the Christ heals you.” The man was healed and all who lived in Lydda and Sharon (Google...Sharon is the broader region where Lydda is located) saw the healed man and put their faith in Jesus.
(glc6) Acts 9:36-42 A Christian named Tabitha died in Joppa (glc...near Lydda where Peter was). The Christians in Joppa went to Lydda and implored Peter to come to Joppa. Peter came to the room where Tabitha’s body was. Peter sent all the mourners out of the room and then prayed. Peter commanded Tabitha’s body to get up. She came to life. Peter presented Tabitha to the Christians. This miracle became known in the city and many put their faith in Jesus. Peter stayed several days in Joppa.
(glc6) Acts 10:1-33 A Roman centurion, Cornelius, lived in Caesarea (Google … Caesarea was about 35 miles north of Joppa). He honored God (NBC … gave general adherence to the Jewish faith without following the Jewish regulations), helped the Jewish people, and prayed to God. Cornelius had a vision in which an angel told him to send men to summon Simon (glc...Peter) to come to his house. Cornelius explained what he had been told and sent two men to Joppa. In Joppa, Peter went to the roof of the house and prayed. He was hungry, but saw a vision of various creatures coming down from heaven. A voice told Peter to kill and eat. Peter said he could not do that because Jews were not allowed to eat these types of creatures. The voice told Peter “What God has made clean, you must not consider ritually unclean!” (NET) This exchange of eat-no happened three times. While Peter was trying to understand the vision, the men from Cornelius arrived. The Holy Spirit told Peter the he should not hesitate to go with the men who had arrived, because God had sent them. The men told Peter that an angel had directed that the men summon Peter to Cornelius’ house so Peter could speak to those in the house. Peter showed hospitality to the men and on the next day Peter, some Christians from Joppa, and the two men went to Caesarea. Cornelius had invited relatives and friends in expectation that Peter would come to his house. Peter would not let Cornelius worship him. Peter explained that God had directed Peter that Peter should not consider anyone to be ritually unclean, so Peter came to Cornelius’ house even though that was not allowed under Jewish law. Cornelius explained his vision to Peter and told Peter that he, his friends, and relatives were gathered in the presence of God to hear what the Lord had commanded Peter to tell them.
(glc1 glc5 glc6) Acts 10:34-43 Peter addressed the Gentiles gathered in the house of Cornelius. He told them that he now understood that God accepts people, from all nations, who respect Him and behave properly. He recalled to them that God had sent a message of good news of peace through Jesus Christ, Lord of all. Peter summarized Jesus’ life – how He was anointed with the Holy Spirit and power and did healings of those oppressed by Satan. Peter told how Jesus was crucified and died but God raised Him on the third day. Jesus was seen by His followers who are now witnessing to others what they saw. Peter told them that His followers were commanded to preach to people and warn them that Jesus is appointed to judge the living and the dead. In line with the Old Testament prophets, all who believe in Jesus receives forgiveness for sins through His name.
(glc1 glc6) Acts 11:1-18 The report of Gentiles accepting Jesus reached the Jewish Christians in Judea. They were not pleased that Peter associated with Gentiles. Peter explained the heavenly vision that taught him that “What God has made clean, you must not consider ritually unclean.” (NET) (glc...this also applies today...When a person repents and trusts in Jesus for salvation, God forgives the sins done before they accept Jesus. We should also have this attitude for new Christians.) Peter told the Jewish Christians that the Gentiles had received the Holy Spirit just as happened to them at Pentecost. God gave the gift of the Holy Spirit to them. The Jewish Christians stopped objecting and praised God for granting repentance and life to the Gentiles.
(glc1 glc6) Acts 11:19-26 Christians left Jerusalem because of persecution after Stephen’s stoning. They preached the gospel message to Jews they encountered. Then some of the dispersed who were not from Judea preached the good news of Jesus to Gentiles also, and many Gentiles believed in Jesus. This report came to the Jewish Christians in Jerusalem so they sent Barnabas to Antioch (Google...about 300 miles north of Jerusalem). Barnabas saw how God was working among the Gentiles and he encouraged them in their faith of Jesus. More people came to believe in Jesus. Barnabas went to Tarsus (Google...about 150 miles by the walking journey) to get Saul so he and Saul could give religious teaching to the new Christians in Antioch. The believers were first called ‘Christians’ in Antioch.
(glc6) Acts 12:1-24 King Herod arrested some Christians. He had James, John’s brother, killed and put Peter in prison. The church (glc … Christians) prayed for Peter and an angel took Peter out of the prison to rescue him from Herod. The people who were praying were amazed to see Peter safe at the door of their house. Peter told them how God had rescued him. Herod killed those who had been guarding Peter. Herod left Jerusalem and went to Caesarea. Herod made a speech and accepted the acclamation of the crowd, but did not give glory to God. He was struck down with an illness by an angel and died. The persecution in Jerusalem did not stop the spread of the gospel. The word of God was accepted by many more people.
(glc6) Acts 13:1-12 The Christians in Antioch were worshiping God and fasting. The Holy Spirit told them to send Barnabas and Saul (glc...Paul) to Cyprus. They preached the gospel message in synagogues across the island. The Roman official on the island summoned Barnabas and Saul because he wanted to learn more about the gospel. An advisor to the official opposed Barnabas and Saul. Saul was led by the Holy Spirit to declare that the advisor was full of deceit and being led by Satan. Saul said that the man would be blind for a time. This happened immediately. The Roman official believed in Jesus because he was greatly impressed by the teaching about Jesus.
(glc1 glc6) Acts 13:13-43 Paul and the group sailed to the southern shores of present-day Turkey. John Mark left the group and returned to Jerusalem. The group went to the synagogue in Pisidian Antioch (Google...a major Roman colony...in the inland Mountains…a long journey glc...about halfway between Ephesus on west coast of Turkey and Taurus) Paul addressed the Jews and the god-fearing Gentiles. Paul recounted how God had made Israel a large number of people in Egypt; how God led them out of Egypt and led them 40 years in the wilderness; guided the takeover of Canaan to provide an inheritance for Israel; provided Judges in the land until Saul became king; the raised up David to be King; from the descendants of David God brought Israel a savior, Jesus, whom John the Baptist had taught would be greater than John. Paul proclaimed to the Jews and God-fearing Gentiles that the message of salvation was sent to the Jews in Jerusalem but the religious leaders did not accept Jesus and had Pilate kill Him. Paul proclaimed that God raised Jesus from the dead and Jesus appeared to many of His followers, who are now witnesses of these facts. Paul proclaimed this good news about God fulfilling His promise to the Jewish ancestors (Psalm 2; Psalm 16:10; Isaiah 55:3; Isaiah 29:14). Paul told them that through Jesus there is forgiveness for sins. All who believe in Jesus is justified in a way the law of Moses could not justify them. Paul warned them to avoid unbelief ( Habakkuk 1:5). After the service the people asked Paul and Barnabas to speak again at the next Sabbath. Many kept walking with Paul and Barnabas who encouraging them to seek God.
(glc6) Acts 13:44-52 On the next Sabbath most of the people in the city gathered to hear Paul and Barnabas preach about God’s work in the world and Jesus. The Jews became jealous of their popularity and spoke against Paul’s message. Paul and Barnabas replied that they brought the message of God to the Jews first but since they are now rejecting it they will speak to the Gentiles. “...be a light for the Gentiles…” (Isaiah 42:6; 49:6). The Gentiles rejoiced to hear the word of the Lord and all destined for eternal life (glc...putting their faith in Jesus) believed. (ESV...”Luke , without contradiction, maintains a dual emphasis on divine election and human response”) The gospel message was spreading throughout the surrounding area. The Jews stirred up influential people to bring persecution to Paul and Barnabas so they left the region and traveled to Iconium (Google...about 90 miles away from Pisidian Antioch ) . The disciples were not discouraged but rejoiced and were filled with the Holy Spirit.
(glc6) Acts 14:1-7 In Iconium Paul and Barnabas preached in the Jewish synagogue. A large number of Jews and Gentiles believed in Jesus. The Jews who did not believe spoke against the disciples and stirred up trouble. Paul and the group stayed in Iconium for a good while and continued to preach the gospel. Their preaching was accompanied by miracles done through the disciples. The unbelieving people and the rulers tried to stone the disciples. When Paul and the group heard about their plans, they left Iconium and traveled to Lystra (Google...abut 25 miles), Derbe (Google...about 50 miles), and the surrounding area, and preached the good news.
(glc1 glc6) Acts 14:8-20 In Lystra, Paul recognized that a lame man had faith to be healed. Paul told him emphatically to stand up. The man stood up and started walking. The people thought their gods had come among them and wanted to offer sacrifices to them. Paul and Barnabas shouted that they were just men, but they are proclaiming the good news so they can stop worshiping worthless idols and start turning to God who made the universe. In past times God overlooked the wrong thinking of men even though He witnessed to them by providing for them with rain and food. Unbelieving Jews from Antioch and Iconium turned the people away from Paul’s message. Paul was stoned and dragged out of the city looking like he was dead. The disciples gathered around Paul. Paul got up and went back into the city. On the next day the group went to Derbe.
(glc2 glc6) Acts 14:21-28 Paul and the group preached in Derbe and many believed in Jesus. Then the group went to Lystra, Iconium, and Psidian Antioch. They encouraged those who had believed after their earlier visit to continue in faith in Jesus. They told the believers that Christians must enter the kingdom of God through many persecutions. They appointed elders in several churches. They fasted and prayed for the protection of the Lord for them. The group traveled back through the Pisidia region and Pamphylia (Google...southern Turkey), and arrived at the port of Attalia. They sailed back to Antioch (glc...north of Jerusalem...where they had started this missions trip) and reported to the gathered church all the things God had done for people along their trip and how there was an opening of a door for faith among the Gentiles. The group spent a long time their with the disciples in Antioch.
(glc1 glc6) Acts 15:1-18 Some Christians from Jerusalem came to Antioch and taught that the Gentiles did not have salvation if they were not circumcised. Paul and Barnabas argued against this teaching. The church sent Paul, Barnabas, and some others from the church to meet with the apostles and elders in Jerusalem to get guidance on this issue. On the trip the group told Christians they met how Gentiles were accepting Jesus and this report was received with joy. In Jerusalem the group reported all that God had done through them on their missions trip. Some Christians who were formerly Jewish religious leaders spoke up that the Gentiles must be circumcised and obey the laws of Moses. The apostles and elders discussed the issue for a considerable time. Then Peter spoke about how God called him to preach to the Gentiles, who then received the Holy Spirit just as had happened to the apostles. Peter spoke that there was no distinction between the Jewish and Gentile believers, their sins had been forgiven by faith. (ESV...Acts 1015; 11:9 “What God has made clean, do not call common”) Peter spoke that it was wrong to put God to the test by putting requirements on the Gentile believers that the Jewish ancestors and the Jews living now had not been able to follow. (ESV...salvation could not be obtained through the law...Romans 2:17-24) Peter said that there is now a different way, all people are saved through the grace of the Lord Jesus. (ESV,,,Matthew 11:29) The assembled group stopped talking and listened to Barnabas and Paul tell of the miraculous signs and wonders God had done among the Gentile people. When they finished talking, James (glc...half-brother of Jesus) reminded the people that Peter had explained that God had selected Gentiles to be included as His people. The Old Testament prophets agree with this as is written, for one example, in Amos 9:11-12 “… I will rebuild the fallen tent of David..so that the rest of humanity may seek the Lord, namely, all the Gentiles I have called to be my own…” (ESV...see also Isaiah45:21)
(glc6) Acts 15:19- 35 James summarized the discussion by saying that the Jewish Christians should not make it more difficult for Gentiles to come to faith in Jesus. James said that they should write a letter to Gentile believers that they should stay away from idols, from sexual immorality, and they should not eat animals that still have blood in them ( Leviticus 17:13,14). These requirements will also help with unity among the Jews in towns who hear the words of Moses in synagogues every Sabbath. The apostles, elders, and the whole church decided to send leaders from the church, with Paul and Barnabas to the Christians in Antioch. This group carried a written letter of greeting and explanation. The letter said that the Jewish Christians who had unsettled them with requirements were not authorized to do so and they had now sent an authorized group. Barnabas and Paul were called ‘dear friends,’ and their risky service to God on their missions trip was noted. The representatives were authorized to give this message in person in their own words. The requirements listed in the letter were: not eating meat that was a part of idol worship, not eating meat of a strangled animal (glc...that would still have blood in it), and not participating in sexual immorality. The letter pointed out that if they kept away from those activities they would be doing well. The group went to Antioch and gathered the whole church. They delivered the letter and read it to the church. The people rejoiced and were encouraged. The representatives from the Jerusalem church spoke for an extended time to encourage and strengthen the faith of the people in Antioch. After some days the representatives left in peace ( glc...in close fellowship) to return to Jerusalem. Paul and Barnabas stayed in Antioch to teach and preach (along with many others) the gospel.
(glc6) Acts 16:1-5 Paul and his group went to Derbe and Lystra. They found Timothy, who was a believer. Timothy’s mother was a Jewish believer but his father was a Gentile. Timothy had a good reputation with the Christians in Lystra and Ionium. Paul wanted Timothy to join in the missions trip so he circumcised Timothy to give less offense to the Jews in the area because they knew Timothy’s father was a Gentile. Paul’s group shared with new believers the guidelines set forth for Gentile believers by the Christian leaders in Jerusalem. The churches were growing in faith and numbers.
(glc6) Acts 16:6-10 Paul’s group journeyed through Phrygia (NET...central Asia Minor w4est of Pisidia) and Galatia (NET...either central part of Asia Minor or near Pisidian Antioch) . The Holy Spirit directed where they should travel and speak...not in Bithynia, through Mysia, to Troas. (NET ...Asia in New Testament is the west 1/3 of Asia Minor , not the continent of Asia) (NET...Mysia was a province in NW Asia Minor) (NET...Bithynia was a province in northern Asia Minor, NE of Mysia) (NET...Troas was a port city on the NW coast of Asia Minor) (NET...it would have been about a 400 mile journey to Troas) Paul had a vision of a Macedonian man (NET...Macedonia was a Roman province in Greece) asking Paul to come to Macedonia and help them (glc...spiritually). The group (NET...’we’ indicates Luke was now traveling with Paul’s group) concluded God was calling them to minister in Macedonia and immediately made plans to go there.
(glc6) Acts 16:11-15 The group sailed to Neapolis and then went to Philippi, a Roman colony. (NET...Neapolis was a seaport on the southern coast of Macedonia, 10 miles by foot from Philippi) (NET..the people living in a city that was a Roman colony had the status of being Roman citizens) On the Sabbath they located a place of prayer by a river and started speaking to a group of women. (glc...not in a synagogue) (NET...a locations needed 10 Jewish men to have a synagogue) a god-fearing business woman named Lydia listened. God helped her understand Paul’s message. She believed and she and her household were baptized. Lydia hosted Paul’s group in her house.
(glc6) Acts 16:16-21 Paul and his group were met by a slave girl as they went to the place of prayer. She had a spirit that enabled her to tell the future and her owners made a lot of money from this fortune-telling. She shouted, “These men are servants of the Most High God (ESV...perhaps meaning the Greek god Zeus) and are telling you how to have salvation.” She kept doing this day after day. Paul was annoyed (glc...perhaps that she was distracting people from really hearing and understanding Paul’s message) so Paul commanded the spirit to come out of the slave girl and it did so. The owners were upset that they were going to not continue to have money from the slave girl’s fortune-telling so they had Paul and Silas brought to the city authorities. They filed a complaint that Paul and Silas were confusing the city, they were Jews, and they were promoting unlawful customs that Roman citizens don’t practice. The crowds were stirred up against Paul and Silas and the officials had Paul and Silas beaten with rods. Then they had Paul and Silas put securely into prison. Around midnight Paul and Silas were praying and singing to God. The rest of the prisoners were listening to them. An earthquake occurred, the prison doors opened, and the prisoners restraints came loose. The jailer was responsible for the security of the prisoners and when he thought they had fled he decided to kill himself rather than face punishment from his superiors. Paul told him to not harm himself because all the prisoners were still in the prison. Lights were brought in and the jailer humbly approached Paul and Silas. The jailer took them out of the prison and asked what he must do to be saved. Paul and Silas told him to believe in the Lord Jesus so he and his household would be saved (glc...the leader of a household should influence the household to believe in Jesus). Paul and Silas spoke the gospel to the jailer and his household. The jailer washed their wounds; The household believed in Jesus and were baptized. The jailer fed them in his home and the household rejoiced in their new faith in Jesus (glc...and that the jailer was still alive??) When the morning came the authorities sent officers to the jail to have Paul and Silas released. The jailer told this to Paul and Silas. Paul told the officers that they were Roman citizens and had not been given a proper trial before being beaten in public. Paul wanted a public apology ( glc….to publicly clear his record and restore his standing in the eyes of the people and new believers in the city) . The officers brought this message to the authorities. They were fearful after learning Paul and Silas were citizens ( glc...since they had violated their rights) so they came to the prison to apologize and lead them out of the prison. Then they pleaded with Paul and Silas to leave the city. Paul and Silas went to Lydia’s house and encouraged the believers. Then they left the city.
(glc6) Acts 17:1-9 Paul’s group traveled to Thessalonica (NET...capital of Macedonia….Google ... 100 miles SW of Philippi along the Roman road) and Paul spoke to the Jews in the synagogue using scripture on three Sabbaths (ESV...1 Thessalonians 2:9; 5:12...Paul stayed in Thessalonica longer than 3 weeks). Paul taught that the Christ had to suffer and rise from the dead (Psalm 22; Isaiah 53; Zechariah 12:10; 13:7) , and he taught that Jesus is the Christ. Some of the Jews, many God-fearing Gentiles, and several prominent women believed. Some other Jews were led by jealousy and gathered ruffians to form a mob and disturb the city. The mob attacked Jason’s house (NET...perhaps a house-church was located here) looking for Paul and Silas to deal with them. Failing at this they took Jason and some believers to the city officials and charged them with being trouble-makers in other cities and making trouble in this city. The charges included opposition to Roman law and proclamation of a king named Jesus. The city and the officials were confused. Jason and the other believers posted bail and were released.
(glc6) Acts 17:10-15 At night, the group secretly sent Paul and Silas to Berea (NET...Berea was about 45 miles west of Thessalonica). Paul and Silas went to the Jewish synagogue and found that those Jews were willing to listen to their teaching (NET...more receptive to Paul’s message) (ESV...the Bible can be understood rightly...by ordinary people who read it eagerly and diligently, with conscious dependence on God for help). The Jews were very interested in the message and searched the Old Testament scriptures to see if Paul’s message aligned with scripture. Many of the men in the synagogue, and several prominent Gentile men and women, came to believe in Jesus. But, Jews in Thessalonica heard that Paul was preaching the gospel in Berea and came to Berea to stir up people against Paul and Silas. The Christians sent Paul and some companions to another city to avoid trouble but Silas and Timothy remained in Berea. The group escorted Paul to Athens (NET... about 340 miles from Berea to Athens). Paul instructed the company to go back to Berea and have Silas and Timothy come quickly to Athens.
(glc1 glc6) Acts 17:16-34 Paul was disturbed by the widespread use of idols in Athens. He wanted to give the people spiritual truths so he taught the Jews and God-fearing Gentiles in the synagogue, and preached in the marketplace every day to all who were there doing their business. Some of the Epicurean and Stoic philosophers (NET….Epicureans...desired freedom from annoyances and avoidance of trouble...viewed organized religion as evil) (NET...Stoics...stressed virtue and responsibility for actions...believed in providence) engaged Paul in discussions while others talked among themselves about Paul as having no good ideas and how Paul was promoting a god from outside their region. Paul was preaching the gospel about Jesus and the resurrection. The philosophers brought Paul to the Areopagus (NET...Areopagus...advisory council of Athens that dealt with ethical, cultural, religious matters…. glc...it is likely that the group met at a certain location in the city) so they could learn more about Paul’s message. They told Paul that they were surprised by what he taught and that they wanted to more fully understand. (ESV’’....”Let your speech always be gracious, seasoned with salt...” Colossians 4:6 ) (glc...speak in a way to engage your listeners) The long time residents of Athens and foreigners who lived in Athens had a habit of engaging in conversations about new ideas.
(glc1 glc6) Acts 17:22-34 Paul addressed the Areopagus council and complimented the men of Athens about their religious interests. He remarked about seeing their objects of worship and that he found an altar with the inscription, ‘To an unknown god.’ Paul preached that he is proclaiming this ‘unknown god’ to them. The god they call ‘unknown’ made the universe, is Lord of heaven and earth, does not live in a temple made by people, and has no need of human servants because He gives life and continued life to all. God made the one man who is the ancestor of all the people of the Earth and God arranged where people would live and how long they would live so that people would search for God and find Him, even though God is not far from each person. In God’s sphere of influence we live our daily lives and even the poets of Athens have written ‘For we too are his offspring.’ (Google...the Greeks believed that the Titan Prometheus formed humans out of clay and Athena breathed life into them) Paul reasoned with them that if we are God’s offspring we should not believe that God is a lifeless image of gold, silver, or stone that is made by a person. God has overlooked this ignorance in the past but now God commands all people to repent (glc...reject sinful ways, ask for forgiveness, seek to live according to God’s standards) because he has fixed a time when He will judge to world using his standard of righteousness. The world will be judged by the man he designated. This man was proven to the world to be God’s choice when God raised Him from the dead. The proclamation of resurrection led some of the people to mock and show scorn for Paul’s teaching. However, others in the group said they wanted to hear from Paul again. Paul left the Areopagus and some people went with him and believed the message. It was notable that Dionysius, a member of the Areopagus, and a woman named Damaris believed.
(glc6) Acts 18:1-4 Paul left Athens and went to Corinth (Google...Corinth was 50 miles west of Athens). Paul met Aquila (NET...from Pontus, a region in the NE of Asia Minor) and Priscilla, who were Jews expelled (NET...49 A.D.) from Rome (ESV...it is possible that Aquila and Priscilla were already believers in Jesus before they met Paul).
(glc6) Acts 18:5-11 Silas and Timothy joined Paul in Corinth and Paul devoted much time to preaching the gospel and testifying to the Jews that Jesus was the Christ prophesied in the Old Testament. The Jews rejected this teaching and maligned him so he symbolically shook out his clothes and boldly told them that they were responsible for their future judgment by God and that he was going to preach to the Gentiles. Paul went to the house of Justus, a Gentile who worshiped God and lived near the synagogue. The leader of the synagogue, Crispus, believed in Jesus along with his household, and many residents of Corinth heard reports of people believing in Jesus and they came to believe in Jesus. Jesus spoke to Paul in a night vision and told him to speak up in the city and not to be afraid because Jesus was with him. Jesus told him that Paul would not be physically attacked because many people in the city believed (ESV ...or would come to believe) in Jesus. Paul taught in the city for 18 months.
(glc6) Acts 18:12-17 The Jews finally did physically attacked Paul and took him to the place of judgment in the city. The Jews accused Paul before the Roman proconsul Gallio (NET...Gallio was proconsul of Achaia from 51-52 A.D. Achaia and Macedonia made up Greece) that Paul was encouraging the people to worship God in an unlawful way. Gallio told the Jews that he would not take any action since there was no serious crime but rather a religious dispute. (NET...Rome was indifferent to these disputes) Gallio had the Jews forcibly removed from the judgment area. The Jews vented their anger on Sosthenes, the president of the synagogue, and beat him in the judgment area. Gallio ignored them.
(glc6) Acts 18:18-23 Paul had his hair cut off at Cenchrea because he made a vow (Numbers 6:1-21; Acts 21:20-24) (ESV...a vow for seeking diving blessing for an undertaking or to express thanksgiving). (Cenchrea is a seaport near Corinth ) He said his farewells to the Christians in his group and to those who believe in Greece and sailed to Syria with Priscilla and Aquila. At Ephesus (Ephesus, western Turkey, was about 250 miles by sea from Corinth) Paul went by himself to the synagogue and spoke to the Jews. They asked Paul to stay longer but Paul declined (NET...Paul wanted to travel to Jerusalem before sea travel was dangerous) and said his farewells to them and said he would return if God allowed (ESV….Paul’s plans are ultimately in God’s hands 1 Corinthians 4:19; James 4:15). He sailed from Ephesus to Caesarea and then went to the church in Jerusalem and then went down to Antioch. (NET...any direction away from Jerusalem is ‘down’) After spending many days there he went through Galatia and Phrygia (glc...southwest Turkey) giving encouragement and teaching to the believers there.
(glc6) Acts 18:24-28 Apollos, a Jew, came to Ephesus. He was an eloquent speaker and was very knowledgeable about the Old Testament. He had been taught about faith in Jesus and he was enthusiastic as he taught people the facts about Jesus (ESV...Jesus’ life and ministry before His death and resurrection). But Apollos only had the experience of the baptism of John (glc...repentance … ESV not the baptism Jesus commanded in Matthew 28:19). Priscilla and Aquila heard him speak in the synagogue and privately taught him about faith in Jesus more accurately (ESV...both men and women can explain God’s word in private or informal settings…..glc..I am comfortable with women teaching in public settings). Apollos desired to go to Achaia (glc...lower Greece) and the Christians at Ephesus encouraged this and wrote a letter of introduction to the Christians in Achaia (ESV...Priscilla and Aquila were well known by Christians in Achaia and this letter would have been influential). When he reached Achaia, Apollos was a great help to the Christians there in public debates as he effectively refuted the Jews who did not believe in Jesus. Apollos clearly used the Old Testament scriptures to show that the Christ was Jesus.
(glc6) Acts 19:1-7 Apollos was in Corinth. Paul went inland and then went to Ephesus. (Google...in 1st Century A.D. Ephesus could be used as a port with access via the Cayster River. Today, silt has filled the river and Ephesus is about 4 miles from the coast.) Paul found some people (about 12 men) who had been baptized for repentance. Paul asked them if they had received the Holy Spirit. They said no. They had not been told about the Holy Spirit. They told Paul they had received John’s baptism of repentance and belief in the one who would come later, ... Jesus. (NET...this is the 5th time that Luke links John the Baptist and Jesus Acts 1:5; 11:16; 13:25; 18:25) (ESV...these Jews had knowledge of the ministry of John the Baptist but not of Jesus’ ministry) The people were baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus, Paul placed his hands on them and the Holy Spirit came on them (ESV...speaking in tongues and prophesying). They spoke in tongues and prophesied.
(glc2 glc6) Acts 19:8-10 Paul spoke boldly and convincingly about the kingdom of God in the synagogue in Ephesus for three months. When some people who were set in their way of thinking started speaking against the way with abusive and insulting language in front of the congregation Paul left the synagogue along with those who believed in Jesus and taught them everyday in a lecture hall. Paul continued to do this for two years so all the Jews and Greeks who lived in the region of Asia heard the gospel message (NET...prophetic and divine message). (NET...in NT the Roman province of Asia was about the western one-third of the current Asia Minor. It was west of Phrygia and Galatia.
(glc6) Acts 19:11-20 God was verifying Paul’s teaching with miracles connected to Paul. Even if some cloth that had touched Paul’s body were given to the sick they were healed of their diseases and evil spirits left their bodies (ESV...the Holy Spirit was manifested in powerful ways). Some Jewish exorcists, who made their living this way as they traveled to different places, invoked the name of Jesus in an attempt to help people who were possessed by evil spirits. They would speak boldly to the spirit and name “Jesus who Paul was preaching about.” In one case the evil spirit caused the possessed man to reply that it knew Jesus and Paul but did not acknowledge them. The possessed man attacked seven Jews who were trying to cast out the spirit and beat them severely such that the Jews ran from the house naked and wounded. (ESV...true faith in Jesus is needed) This event became known to the Jews and Greeks in Ephesus and caused them to respect and praise the name of Jesus. Many of the people who came to believe in Jesus confessed their past evil deeds. Many of those who were involved with, and trusted in, magic burned their books in front of the people. The burned books were worth 50,000 silver coins. (NET….Coming to faith in Jesus changed lives and had a social impact.) (NET… one drachma is about one denarius, a days wage...there was an impact on the local economy) The message about Jesus grew in prominence.
(glc6) Acts 19:21-40 With the ministry thriving, Paul decided to go to Macedonia (ESV...Philippi, Thessalonica, Berea) and Achaia (ESV...Corinth) on his way to Jerusalem. Paul also had a desire to go to Rome. Paul sent Timothy and Erastus to Macedonia while he stayed a while longer in the province of Asia. Then the city became agitated about the Christian message. A silversmith named Demetrius made silver shrines of Artemis and had a large business with the silversmiths of the city. Demetrius gathered these silversmiths along with others who made a living from items associated with Artemis. He stirred them up by arguing that their business and the reputation of Artemis would be destroyed by Paul’s teachings. (ESV...their civic and religious pride was offended) (ESV...Artemis was important for the civic, economic, and religious aspects of the city) The crowd let their feelings explode and shouted “Great is Artemis of Ephesus.” The crowd dragged the Macedonians Gaius and Aristarchus, who were traveling with Paul, into the city theater. (NET...the temple of Artemis was one of the seven wonders of the ancient world and was located close to the city of Ephesus) (NET...the theater in Ephesus could seat 25,000) (ESV...capacity was 12,000) Paul wanted to enter the theater but some disciples were concerned for him and would not let him enter. Some of the provincial officials who were friendly with Paul also advised him not to enter. The crowd was so stirred up that they shouted many phrases and most of them did not know why the crowd had gathered. The Jew, Alexander, was put in front of the crowd and he tried to reason with them. But when they recognized he was Jew, and not a follower of the local deities, the crowd again shouted “Great is Artemis of the Ephesians!” for almost two hours. A city official was able to quiet the crowd and got in their favor by recounting that people know that the city of Ephesus is keeping the temple of Artemis in good order and keeping the image of Artemis that fell from the sky. (NET...the people viewed Artemis as having a heavenly origin glc...large meteorite?? ..would have likely been very dense and heavy) He calmed the crowd by saying no one could dispute his statements, and they should calm down and be restrained in their actions. He pointed out that the Macedonians had not robbed the temple or spoken against Artemis. (NET...Paul was innocent of any civil crime as he had not physically harmed the temple) The official pointed out that Demetrius and silversmiths could bring their complaints to the courts where proconsuls could render judgment. The official pointed out that a legal assembly was required to resolve charges, and that the current assembly was close to being charged with rioting because the assembly was not legally organized. The official dismissed the people.
(glc6) Acts 20:1-12 When the disturbance had calmed down, Paul met with the disciples to encourage them and say his goodbyes. He traveled to Macedonia and delivered encouragement to the believers. He stayed in Greece for three months. The Jews there plotted to harm Paul before he could sail to Syria so Paul changed his route and went through Macedonia. These went ahead of Paul and Luke to Troas: Sopater son of Pyrrhus from Berea, Aristarchus and Secundus from Thessalonica, Gaius from Derbe, Timothy , and Tychicus and Trophimus from the province of Asia. Paul and Luke sailed from Philippi after Passover and in five days arrived in Troas. The whole group stayed there for seven days. The Christians gathered on Sunday to break bread (glc...remember Jesus sacrifice for us) . Paul preached until midnight since he planned to leave the next day. A young man, Eutychus, drifted into a deep sleep while Paul spoke for a long time. He was sitting in a window opening. He fell from the third story window to the ground and people went to him and found that he was dead. Paul went to him, threw himself on the body, put his arms around him and told the group that Eutychus was alive. Paul went back to the meeting room and ate with the group. Paul talked with the group until dawn and then left them. The group took Eutychus home and were greatly relieved.
(glc6) Acts 20:13-17 Luke and the rest of Paul’s group went to the ship and it sailed to Assos to pick up Paul. Then the ship went to Mitylene, Chios, Samos, and Miletus. Paul decided to sail beyond Ephesus as he was in a hurry to reach Jerusalem by the day of Pentecost. At Miletus, Paul sent a message to the elders of the church at Ephesus to come to him.
(glc1 glc2 glc6) Acts 20:18-24 When the elders arrived Paul reminded them that he served Jesus among them with humility and tears in the midst of persecutions promoted by the Jews in the region. Paul had not withheld any useful teachings from them. He had taught them in public and in houses as he brought testimony to Jews and Greeks about repenting to God and having faith in our Lord Jesus. Paul told the elders that the Holy Spirit was leading him to go to Jerusalem. Paul did not know how this trip would go form him but the Holy Spirit was warning him (ESV...through Christian prophets and direct revelation) that he would be imprisoned and persecuted. Paul testified that he did not overly value his life. His goal was to finish the ministry that Jesus had given to him: testifying the gospel of God’s grace (Acts 9:3-16; 15-16; 22:6-21) .
(glc1 glc2 glc6) Acts 20:25- 38 Paul was convinced that he would not again see those present to whom Paul had preached about the kingdom (glc...of God...and had become Christians through his ministry) . (NET...For Paul ... proclaiming the kingdom is associated with, and intertwined with, testifying to the good news of God’s grace) He told them that his conscience was clear concerning his responsibility for their understanding of spiritual truths and their spiritual condition. (ESV...see Ezekiel 33:1-6) Paul had fully proclaimed the whole plan of salvation that God provided for people. Paul challenged the elders to keep spiritually alert for themselves and for the people in the churches they had been assigned to lead by the Holy Spirit. God has gathered a church as a result of Jesus death on the cross. (NET...This is one of only two explicit statements in Luke-Acts highlighting the substitutionary nature of Christ’s death (the other is in Luke 22:19). ) (ESV...see Romans 3:25; 5:9; Ephesians 1:7; and other passages) Paul was certain that deceitful and vicious people would infiltrate the church and harm people. They, and even elders currently in the church, will speak out and teach distortions of the truth to lure people away and into their sphere of influence. (NET... teachings that would undermine repentance toward God and faith in the Lord Jesus Christ (cf. v. 21). ...these false teachers would arise from within the Ephesian congregation (cf. 1 John 2:18-19) and would seek to draw the disciples away after them.) Paul warned the elders to be alert and keep in mind how Paul had passionately taught and warned them for three years. Paul now entrusted the elders to God and to the gospel message. The gospel message has power to help them live and lead them to the heavenly inheritance along with all who are sanctified (glc...led into right thoughts and actions and forgiven by God) (ESV...sanctified...made holy in heart and life by the Holy Spirit). Paul did not have a goal of gathering wealth for himself. (NET...Paul had integrity...he was not doing ministry for financial gain) Paul reminded the elders that they knew he worked at jobs to meet his needs, and the needs of his traveling companions. (glc … for food, clothes, etc.) Paul set an example for the elders that leaders (glc...and all Christians) must help those who are weak (NET...or sick...see Ephesians 4:28) . We all should remember that Jesus taught, “It is more blessed to give than to receive.” (NET...similar to Matthew 10:8, but Paul would have been familiar with these words from another source...ESV likely told to Paul by those who heard Jesus teach ) Paul then knelt down with all those assembled and prayed. Those who were staying behind wept out loud and hugged Paul with Christian love. They were very saddened by Paul’s message that they would not see him again. Then the group walked with Paul to the ship.
(glc6) Acts 21:1-14 (glc...Chapter 21 and following show how Paul was faithful to the mission of spreading the gospel even though it would cost him much.)
Paul’s group went by sea to Cos, Rhodes, Patara, Phoenicia, Tyre. (NET...Patara ..on southwest coast of Asia Minor...about 185 miles on the journey so far) (NET...Phoenicia was north of Palestine) (NET...Tyre...seaport of Phoenicia … about 400 miles from Patara...4 to 5 days by sea) Christians in Tyre were influenced by the Holy Spirit to warn Paul not to go to Jerusalem. (NET...Paul had a choice..this was a warning about risks to him in Jerusalem) (ESV...prophecies should be examined 1 Corinthians 14:29; 1 Thessalonians 5:20,21) The group of men, women, and children went outside the city and prayed. Then farewells were spoken and Paul’s group went aboard the ship. They sailed from Tyre to Ptolemais (NET...Ptolemais ….seaport about 30 miles south of Tyre) and met with Christians. Then they went to Caesarea (NET...Caesarea...on the coast another 40 miles) and stayed at the house of Philip the evangelist (glc...Acts 8:5-40) (NET...Philip was one of seven deacons appointed in the Jerusalem church Acts 6:1-7) for several days. Philip’s daughters had the gift of prophecy. (ESV...Men and Women are given the gift of prophecy Joel 2:28,29; Acts 2:17,18) The prophet Agabus came from Judea and led by the Holy Spirit he demonstrated that Paul would be detained by the Jews in Jerusalem and given to the Romans. Paul’s companions and the local people urged Paul to not go to Jerusalem. Paul was distressed by their seeking to divert him from his mission and that he was ready to die for the Lord Jesus. Paul would not change his mind about going to Jerusalem. The group said “The Lord’s will be done.” (NET...Lord’s will be done … no one knew exactly what would happen so the matter was left in the Lord’s hands)
(glc6) Acts 21:15-40 Paul’s group traveled to Jerusalem and Paul got a warm welcome from the leaders of the church. Paul gave a detailed report on how God had worked among the Gentiles through Paul’s ministry. The leaders praised God and then told Paul there were thousands of Jews in Jerusalem (NET...estimates of Jewish population is 20,000 to 50,000) who are believers in Jesus and keeping the Jewish laws. These Jews had previously received reports of Paul’s ministry to Gentiles that included descriptions of Paul telling Gentiles not to follow Jewish laws. (ESV...Paul did not object to Jewish believers voluntarily following Jewish laws 1 Corinthians 7:18,19) The leaders of the church proposed that Paul, and four in the church, should perform a Jewish purification ritual to show the Jewish believers that Paul had not totally abandoned Jewish rituals. (NET...ritual cleansing was a conciliatory gesture since Paul had traveled through Gentile countries) (NET...heads shaved at the end of a Nazarite vow Numbers 6:14,15). The leaders affirmed to Paul that their decision was still in place to not require Gentile Christians to follow all the Jewish laws. (NET...the issue is different than in Acts 15 … should Christian Jews keep doing Jewish practices) Paul agreed and the next day Paul went to the temple to record when the temple sacrifice would be done at the end of their purification time period. (NET...Paul obeyed the request of the Jewish Christian leadership) (ESV...Paul was willing to ‘become all things to all people’ 1 Corinthians 9:22… glc...as long as you don’t go against God’s ways) Jews from regions where Paul had traveled saw Paul in the temple and incited a crowd of Jews by claiming Paul had taught against the Jews, the law, the temple, and had brought Gentiles into the inner court of the temple. (NET...Gentiles were not allowed to enter the inner courts...penalty was death) A report of the disturbance was given to the Roman authorities and soldiers arrested Paul, protected him from the mob, and took him towards their barracks. Paul told the Roman officer that he was a Jew and also a Roman citizen. The officer allowed Paul to speak to the Jewish mob. Paul spoke to the Jews in the local language.
(glc1 glc6) Acts 22:1-21 Paul gave his testimony to the Jewish mob. ‘brothers and fathers’.. Paul seeks to establish a connection to the people by this phrase, by speaking the local language, and recounting his development as a Jew in his education and zeal for God (glc...pointing out he once had their zeal … he will explain it was misguided). (NET...Gamaliel was a highly regarded Jewish teacher.) He had persecuted Christians as Jewish leaders could testify. He was making a trip to Damascus to continue these persecutions when a bright light from heaven enveloped him (ESV...the brightness of God’s glory Acts 23:16...Ezekiel 1:226-28; Revelation 1:16) . Jesus spoke to him and asked Paul why he was persecuting Him (glc...persecuting Christians is persecuting Jesus). (Damascus road experience Acts 9:1-9 … told again in Acts 26:9-20 glc...we should all have a good summary of how we came to have faith in Jesus so we can tell others) Those in Paul’s group saw the light but did not understand the words. Paul asked Jesus what he should do. Jesus told Paul to go to Damascus and then Paul would get more instructions about what Paul had been chosen to do. (glc...God called Paul into ministry) Paul could not see so others led him by hand to the house of Ananias who had a good reputation among the Jews of Damascus. Ananias pronounced healing for Paul’s vision and Paul regained his sight. Ananias told Paul the God of the Jewish ancestors had chosen Paul to know God’s intentions, to see Jesus (NET...the righteous one is Jesus Christ .. Acts 3:14), and to hear Jesus’ command, because Paul will be God’s witness of what Paul had seen and heard to all people. (glc...Paul probably was very familiar with reports about Jesus; Paul had seen and heard Stephen’s testimony … Acts 7:1 – 8:1; Paul just had a personal experience on the Damascus road) (NET...’all people’ refers to all nationalities .. Ephesians 3:7-9) Ananias told Paul to not delay but to get up, be baptized, and have your sins washed away, calling on Jesus’ name (glc...because of faith in Jesus) (NET… ‘calling on his name’ refers to the confession of the believer .. Romans 10:12,13; 1 Corinthians 1:2) (ESV… Hebrews 10:19-22 the believer’s sins are ‘washed away’ through faith in the ‘blood of Jesus’ … the believer is ‘sprinkled clean’ and ‘washed with pure water’ ) Paul recounted how he returned to Jerusalem and while praying in the temple he had a vision of Jesus where Jesus warned him to leave Jerusalem because the Jews would not accept Paul’s testimony about Jesus Paul spoke how he had wanted to stay because the Jews should know how Paul had once been persecuting Christians, and that Paul agreed with the Jews that Stephen should be stoned. (NET...Paul has now become a witness for Jesus as Stephen had been) Paul reported that Jesus had told Paul he was being sent far away to the Gentiles.
(glc6) Acts 22:22-29 When Paul said he was sent to witness to the Gentiles the crowd went back to an uproar and called for Paul’s death. (NET...the implication of ethnic openness was very disturbing to the Jewish mob) The Romans took Paul into the barracks and intended to physically beat him as they questioned him. Paul invoked protection of due process for a Roman citizen. (NET...’born a citizen’ this suggests Paul inherited his citizenship from his family …. glc....but, you don’t automatically inherit eternal life because your parents are Christian)
(glc6) Acts 22:30-31 The next day, Paul was brought before the Jewish leaders to help the Roman officials know why Paul had been accused by the Jewish crowd. (NET...the Sanhedrin was the highest legal body for the Jews)
(glc6) Acts 23:1-11 Paul spoke with confidence to the religious leaders that he had a clear conscience before God. The high priest had Paul hit in the mouth. Paul spoke out that God would strike the man who gave that order for his hypocrisy. (NET … ’whitewashed wall’ is an idiom for hypocrisy) When Paul was informed that the man was the high priest Paul apologized. Paul observed the the Jewish leaders included Sadducees (glc...did not believe in a resurrection, angels, demons, etc.) and Pharisees (glc...they did believe in a resurrection, angels, demons, etc.) Paul declared to the group that he was a Pharisee and was on trial concerning his belief in life after death. This caused the Sadducees and Pharisees to argue among themselves. The leaders of the Pharisees declared Paul to be innocent. There was an uproar and the Romans took Paul back to the barracks. The next night Jesus stood near Paul and told him to have courage and that he would be testifying about Jesus in Rome.
(glc6) Acts 23:12-35 Forty Jews made a plan to kill Paul. They got the cooperation of the religious leaders (ESV...mostly Sadducees) to have Paul brought to the leaders for more questioning. They planned to kill Paul before he reached the leaders. The son of Paul’s sister (ESV...possibly Paul’s family moved to Jerusalem when Paul was young) heard this plan and came to tell Paul. Paul had a soldier take the boy to the Roman commander. The commander spoke to the boy in private to hear the Jews’ plan. The commander directed two centurions to prepare an escort of soldiers, horsemen, and spearmen who would take Paul to Caesarea that night. The commander wrote a letter to the governor Felix explaining that Paul was a Roman citizen who was accused of violating Jewish law, and needed protection. The escort delivered Paul to Caesarea and gave the letter to the governor. The governor had Paul kept under guard until a hearing with Paul’s accusers.
(glc6) Acts 24:1-9 The Jewish leaders came to Caesarea and delivered formal charges against Paul. The lawyer for the Jewish leaders addressed the governor in a respectful and flattering way and accused Paul of being a troublemaker who creates riots among Jewish people in many places, is a leader of the Jewish sect, the Nazarenes, and who attempted to desecrate the temple in Jerusalem. The Jews joined in the accusations.
(glc6) Acts 24:10-23 The governor signaled that Paul should speak. Paul respectfully addressed the governor with his defense. He stated that he went to Jerusalem to worship, did not stir up the crowds anywhere in Jerusalem, and there is no proof for the charges that had been made. Paul testified that he worshiped the God of the Jewish ancestors according to the principles of the Way (glc...Christianity) as he continues to believe the Mosaic law and the Old Testament prophets. He stated that he has hope in God for the resurrection of the righteous and unrighteous, as do his Jewish accusers. This hope motivated Paul to keep a clear conscience toward God and people. Paul recounted that after several years of traveling he came to Jerusalem to bring financial gifts to the poor. He was peacefully presenting offerings to God in the temple as a ritually purified person. Paul stated that there were some Jews from the province of Asia in the temple who should be personally bringing these charges to the governor. Or the Jewish leaders should say what crime Paul was found guilty of when he talked to the religious council, other than the one statement he shouted at the council: “I am on trial before you today concerning the resurrection of the dead.” The governor, Felix, understood the facts of the Way. He adjourned the meeting and said that he would make a decision when the Roman officer who arrested Paul in Jerusalem came to Caesarea. Felix ordered that Paul be guarded but have some personal freedom, including having visitors to meet his needs.
(glc6) Acts 24:24-27 After some days Felix and his wife Drusilla, who was a Jew, had Paul brought to them. Paul testified about his faith in Jesus Christ and spoke about righteousness, self-control, and future judgment. Felix was frightened by this and sent Paul away. Felix was hoping that Paul would bribe him to be released (ESV...the Jewish historian Josephus wrote that bribe taking was widespread) so he often had Paul appear before him for discussions. After two years (glc…!!) (ESV...A.D. 57-59), Festus succeeded Felix as governor but Felix kept Paul in prison as a political favor to the Jews.
(glc6) Acts 25:1-12 Festus went to Jerusalem and the Jewish leaders and prominent men brought formal charges against Paul. The Jews still wanted to kill Paul and made plans but Festus told them to go to Caesarea and accuse Paul there. Festus went to Caesarea and had Paul brought before him. Jews came from Jerusalem and made serious, unproven, charges against Paul. Paul defended himself and proclaimed his innocence about Jewish law, the temple, and Caesar. Festus wanted to please the Jews so he asked Paul if he would go to Jerusalem for a trial. Paul again said he was innocent and made a formal appeal to be judged by Caesar. (NET...Roman citizens had the right to ask for judgment by the emperor) Festus agreed to send Paul to Rome.
(glc6) Acts 25:13- 27 Several days later, King Agrippa (NET...ruled over parts of Palestine from A.D. 53 to A.D. 92) and Bernice came to Caesarea to greet Festus. Festus told Agrippa about Paul’s case to get his opinion. Festus told him that the charges related to matters of the Jewish faith and a the man named Jesus who had died but Paul claimed to be alive. He told Agrippa Paul had appealed to Caesar rather than go to Jerusalem for trial. Agrippa said he would like to hear Paul speak. The next day Agrippa and Bernice entered the audience room with great ceremony. Military leaders and leading men of the city were there. Festus introduced the situation and stated that he hoped to gain some specifics of Paul’s charges from this hearing so he could send written charges to Rome with Paul.
(glc6) Acts 26:1-23 Agrippa gave Paul permission to speak. Paul politely spoke to Agrippa and acknowledged Agrippa’s knowledge of Jewish ways. Paul stated that the Jews knew his development and that he had grown up to be a rule-following Pharisee. Paul said that the issue that brought him to this situation was his hope in the promise God made to Jewish ancestors and that Jewish people still hope in as they faithfully serve God. Paul stated that the Jews were accusing him because of this hope. Paul asked why people thought it was unbelievable that God could raise the dead. Paul admitted that he himself was certain that he should oppose the name of Jesus the Nazarene. In Jerusalem, he had Christians put into prison with the authority given to him by the chief priests and agreed some should be sentenced to death. He punished them and tried to get them to blaspheme. His zeal even caused him to persecute Christians in foreign cities. Paul reported that as he traveled to Damascus on this mission he and his companions saw a light brighter than the sun shining around them. They all fell to the ground and Paul heard a voice in his native language ask him why Paul was persecuting Him, and that Paul was only hurting himself. (ESV...”kicking against the goads”...a proverbial expression ...one cannot ultimately resist God’s will … a goad was a sharp stick used to prod oxen to get them to go where you want ) Paul respectfully asked who was speaking to him. Jesus told him that he was Jesus, whom Paul was persecuting. Jesus told Paul to get up and that He was appointing Paul to be His servant and a witness to what he has seen and to the things in which Jesus would appear to him. Jesus said that He would rescue Paul from the Jews and from the Gentiles. Jesus was sending Paul to help people understand (glc...Jesus), turn from the ways of Satan and darkness to the ways of God and light, so that the people would receive forgiveness of sins and join those who are sanctified by faith in Jesus. (glc...redeemed, forgiven, and acceptable in God’s sight) Paul told King Agrippa tat he obeyed the heavenly vision and preached to people in Damascus, Jerusalem, Judea, and to the Gentiles, that they should repent, turn to God, and have actions that are consistent with their repentance. Because of Paul’s preaching this message the Jews in Jerusalem mobbed him in the temple courts and sought to kill him. Paul testified that God had helped him to that very day and enabled him to testify to lowly and high ranking people with the message consistent with what Moses and the prophets said would happen: that the Christ would suffer, but be the first to rise from the dead, and would proclaim the truth to the Jews and the Gentiles.
(glc6) Acts 26:24-32 Festus interrupted Paul by loudly and said the Paul was out of his mind and that all his religious learning had driven reason from him. Paul politely replied that he was in his right mind and was speaking truth and a rational message. Paul stated that King Agrippa was familiar with the recent events because it all took place in public, not in secret. Paul asked Agrippa if he believed the prophets. Paul was sure Agrippa did believe. (ESV...Agrippa had a reputation of being a pious Jew ) Agrippa asked Paul if he was trying to convert him to Christianity in this brief discussion. Paul said that his desire was that all those listening would have the faith Paul had and be like him except for his chains. The king and his group got up to leave. They said to each other that Paul’s actions did not deserve death or prison. Agrippa told Festus that Paul could have been released if he had not appealed to Caesar’s judgment.
(glc6) Acts 27:1-38 (glc...I am skipping many details in this section) Paul and other prisoners were put into the custody of a centurion. The group went by ship that sailed along the coast of Asia (glc...Turkey) and then along Cyprus. The Centurion put the group on a ship that was sailing to Italy. They sailed along Crete. It was late in the fall and the sailing weather was getting dangerous. Paul gave advice that there would be loss of cargo and lives if the journey continued. The ship owner and captain disagreed and wanted to make a little more progress towards Italy. A strong wind carried the ship across the Adriatic (ESV...at this time the Adriatic designation extended down to Malta ) and Mediterranean Seas. The cargo and some of the ship’s gear was thrown overboard so the ship would ride higher in the water. The storm continued for many days and all on the ship lost hope of surviving. Paul told the group they should have listened to him. (NET...Paul was not “rubbing it in,’ but was reasserting his credibility for giving advice) He spoke to the group advised them to have hope because an angel of the God whom Paul served told Paul that God had granted safety to all on board the ship. Paul told them to have faith in God that the message was true, and that they would run aground on an island. (NET...in a sense, Paul’s presence protects them all...this is an illustration of what the gospel does through Christ and through the one who speaks the gospel ) The sailors took depth measurements and found that the water depth was decreasing. Some sailors attempted to use a small boat to escape but Paul told the Centurion all must stay on the ship. (ESV...sailors were needed to help handle the ship) Near dawn, Paul encouraged them to eat to gain strength and told them they would survive. Paul gave thanks to God for the bread in front of all the people and ate. (ESV...not a celebration of the Lord’s Supper but a testimony of Paul’s faith in God) The people were encouraged and also ate.
(glc6) Acts 27:39-44 At daybreak they could see a beach and tried to steer the ship towards it. But the ship ran aground and the waves started to break up the ship. The soldiers wanted to kill the prisoners but the centurion wanted to keep Paul alive so he prevented this. They swam to the beach with some using pieces of the ship to help them stay above water. (NET...the soldiers were legally responsible if a prisoner escaped...the soldier would receive the prisoner’s punishment)
(glc6) Acts 28:1-16 The group had shipwrecked on Malta. (NET...the ship traveled 625 miles in the storm) The local people showed hospitality by building a fire and welcoming them. Paul picked up some brushwood and was bitten by a snake. The local people saw the snake on Paul’s hand and said to each other than Paul must be guilty. Paul shook off the snake and was not harmed. The locals expected Paul to die but after a long time they decided Paul must be a god. The chief official of the region, Publius, extended hospitality to the group for three days. Paul prayed and layed his hands on Publius’ father and the man was healed. Others from the island came to Paul and were healed. When the group prepared to sail on, the people gave them supplies. The ship eventually came to Puteoli (Google...Puteoli was a major port city on thee Bay of Naples … perhaps 150 miles south of Rome) where the group found some Christians who showed them hospitality. Christians from Rome came south to meet Paul and the group. (NET...the gospel had already spread to Italy and Rome) (NET...Three Taverns was 33 miles south of Rome) Paul thanked God to meet them and it gave him courage. In Rome, Paul was allowed to have his own living location with the soldier who guarded him.
(glc2 glc6) Acts 28:17-31 After three days, Paul spoke to the local Jewish leaders. He respectfully greeted them and explained that he was innocent of opposing the Jews or the customs of Jewish ancestors but he ended up as a prisoner of Romans in Judea. The Roman officials wanted to release him but the local Jews opposed this so Paul’s only alternative was to appeal to Caesar. Paul was not accusing the Judean Jews to Caesar. Paul explained that the basic reason he was a prisoner was due to the hope of Israel (glc...Messiah). The Italian Jews let Paul know that they had no written accusations from Judean Jews and no Judean Jews had a bad verbal report about Paul. They told Paul they wanted to hear more from him because they have heard many people speak against this sect of Judaism (glc...Christianity) . On another day even more Jews came to speak with Paul. All day, and into the evening, Paul testified and explained about the kingdom of God and tried to convince them about Jesus by using the writings of Moses and the prophets. Some Jews were convinced but others did not believe. (NET...the gospel caused a division among the Jews) As the Jews were leaving Paul stated that the Holy Spirit spoke truth through the prophet Isaiah in Isaiah 6:9,10: ...you will hear but not understand, you will look but not perceive...the heart of the people is dull, they can’t hear, they have closed their eyes so they don’t hear, don’t hear, don’t truly understand...so God won’t heal them. (ESV...Jesus quoted this passage from Isaiah in Matthew 13:14,15 when the Jewish people refused to accept Him ...the Jewish leaders refused to respond positively to the message) Paul stated that God’s salvation has been sent to the Gentiles who will listen. Paul lived two years in his rented quarters and gladly spoke to those who came to him. He proclaimed the kingdom of God and taught about the Lord Jesus Christ with full boldness and without restrictions. (NET...despite all the attempts to stop it, the message goes forth) (ESV … writings after the writings of the New Testament --- 1 Clement 5:7 A.D. 95 says Paul preached “in the limits of the West” Spain?? ...church historian Eusebius A.D. 325 cites the tradition that Paul was released, had further ministry, arrested again and martyred )
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ROMANS
(glc1 glc6) Romans 1:1-3 Paul considered himself to be totally obligated to Jesus Christ. He knew God had selected him to spread the message of the gospel of God. He knew that this gospel had been promised through the writings (prophecies) of the Old Testament. This gospel was a message concerning God’s Son, whose human ancestry could be traced back to David.
(glc6) Romans 1:8,9 Paul thanked God through Jesus Christ because the faith of the Romans is spoken about in the world. Paul served God with his physical and spiritual being in his ministry to share the gospel message about God’s Son.
(glc1 glc6) Romans 1:15-17 Paul was eager to come to Rome to preach the gospel message to its citizens. Paul was not ashamed of the gospel message. The gospel message carries a statement of God’s ability to give salvation to everyone who believes, regardless of their ethnic background. “The righteous shall live by faith.” Faith in Jesus qualifies you for salvation from your sins. (ESV) (glc …. keep reading in Romans)
(glc1) Romans 2:16 The gospel message of Jesus Christ includes a message that there will be a time when God judges the true motives and beliefs of people.
(glc1) Romans 3:20-31 No one gains a right relationship with God (glc...declared innocent of sin) by trying to live up to the standards of the Old Testament laws. Those laws clearly point out the sins of individuals. Jesus Christ was faithful in his mission from God to reveal to all the righteousness of God who believe in Jesus after His death and resurrection,(as foretold by the OT prophets and the law). Jews and Gentiles all sinned and do not meet God’s standards. But, Jews and Gentiles are forgiven and judged as not guilty by God’s unmerited favor through the redemption brought by Jesus Christ. (ESV … Exodus chapters 12-15 the blood of the Passover lamb brought redemption) God showed people by Jesus’ death and resurrection that Jesus is the place to find God’s mercy (NET...mercy seat was on top of the Ark of the Covenant) that they can have if they have faith in Jesus. God showed his righteousness by not immediately bringing judgment for sins in the past. God shows his righteousness now by providing forgiveness to the one who has forgiveness because of Jesus’ faithfulness. No person can claim righteousness based on their actions. A Jew or Gentile is declared righteous by God based on their faith. (ESV...”Christ has achieved this righteousness on behalf of all who believe in him, through his perfect fulfillment of the law, and his atoning death on the cross for the salvation of all who believe.”)
(glc1) Romans 4:21-25 Abraham obtained righteous standing before God because of his faith in God and God’s promises. Those who believe in God who raised Jesus our Lord from the dead will also obtain righteous standing before God. Jesus went through punishment and death for the sins of people, and was raised from the dead for the justification (glc...having forgiveness and right standing in God’s eyes) of people.
(glc1) Romans 5:1-2 Christians are declared righteous by God and have peace with God and access into God’s unmerited favor (glc...right relationship) through Jesus (glc...through his sacrifice for our sins) because of their faith. Christians remain in God’s favor and rejoice with confidence in God’s glory.
(glc1) Romans 5:6-11 Before believing in Jesus we were helpless to restore relationship with God, then, Christ died for those out of relationship with God. God fully showed His love for people when Christ died for those who were still in a state of unforgiven sin. Christians have been given righteous standing through the blood (glc...sacrifice) of Jesus and we will be saved from God’s punishment because of (glc...our faith in) Jesus. Christians have been restored in relationship to God and will be saved from God’s wrath because of (glc...our faith in) Jesus. This restoration of relationship to God through Jesus causes us to rejoice in God through our Lord Jesus Christ.
(glc1) Romans 5:12-21 Sin started being active in the world through Adam (glc...and Eve) and then sin spread to all people. Death was present in the world for all even though they did not sin in the same way that Adam sinned. But, the unmerited favor of God and the unmerited favor of the one man Jesus Christ spread to many people. The sin in the world led to the possibility of having forgiveness and right standing before God. Those who accept the unmerited favor and gift of righteousness have victory in life through the one man, Jesus Christ. Jesus’ righteous act brought righteousness, that can lead to life, for everyone (glc...Jew and Gentile who have faith in Jesus). Jesus’ obedience to God the Father leads to many being declared righteous. God’s unmerited favor will be in control through righteousness to eternal life (glc...with God) through Jesus Christ our Lord.
(glc1) Romans 6:3-11 Those who are baptized into Jesus Christ (glc...proclaim their faith in Jesus) are baptized to join him in death (glc...join in Jesus’ decision to obey God). Just as Christ was raised from the dead through the actions of God the Father, we also may have a new (glc...relationship to God restored) life. Those who join with Jesus in submitting to God will also join with Jesus in having a resurrection like His. Our old, unbelieving, person, was crucified, and died, with Jesus so sin would no longer have dominating and enslaving power over us. Since we joined with Jesus in death we will also live with Him. Christ was raised from the dead and lives forever; death does not control Him. Christ died once for sin and lives a life to God. Christians also should think of ourselves as dead and free from sin’s dominating control, but alive to God through Christ Jesus.
(glc1) Romans 7:21-25 Christians acknowledge and have joy in God’s ways in our inner spirit. But our physical bodies rebel against our inner spirit and try to make us obedient to the law of sin. Thanks be to God through Jesus Christ who rescues us from our physical body of death as I follow God’s ways through my mind but have sin active in my physical body.
(glc1) Romans 8:1-11 Those who have faith in Jesus Christ are not condemned by God. The life-giving Spirit in Jesus Christ overrules the old law of sin and death. The Old Testament law was weakened by the sin in people. God sent Jesus, His Son, in a human body and Jesus took on the judgment for the sins of people. The righteous demands of the Old Testament law are satisfied by Christians who live their lives in line with the Holy Spirit and not in line with the sinful desires of the flesh. Christians are not continually living controlled by the sinful desires of the flesh but are instead aligning themselves with the Holy Spirit. Christians have a dead, sinful, body but have life in the Holy Spirit because they have Christ’s righteousness. Those who have the Holy Spirit of God, who raised Jesus form the dead, living in them (glc...Christians) will receive life for their mortal bodies through the Holy Sprit that lives in them.
(glc1) Romans 8:31-39 God wants the best for Christians and no one can ultimately defeat Christians. God gave His own Son, Jesus, for the benefit of people. God gives Christians right standing in His eyes. Christians will not be ultimately condemned. Jesus Christ died and was raised from the dead, and now is at God’s side to intercede for Christians. After we become a Christian, nothing in the universe can separate us from the love of Christ or from the love of God in Jesus Christ.
(glc1) Romans 9:6 Your ancestry does not automatically bring you into a right relationship with God.
(glc1) Romans 9:30-33 The Gentiles received righteousness based on their faith in Jesus. The Jews sought righteousness by trying to do good works but did not become righteous. Isaiah 28:16 and 8:14 … God placed a stone among the Jews that caused them to stumble and a rock that caused them to fall, but the person who believes in Him (glc...Jesus) will not be shamed.
(glc1) Romans 10:1-13 Some pursue God with enthusiasm but don’t pursue God in the right way because they ignore, and refuse to submit to, the righteousness God has given (glc...Jesus) and try to make themselves righteous. Deuteronomy 30:14 The word (the word of faith preached by Paul) is near you. If you wholeheartedly proclaim that Jesus is Lord and believe that God raised Jesus from the dead, you will be saved from your sins. Belief from your inner person brings righteousness and your words bring salvation. Isaiah 28:16 “Everyone who believes in him will not be put to shame.” (NET) Jews and Gentiles are treated the same by God, the Lord is Lord of all people and gives spiritual riches to all who call on Him. Joel 2:32 ...all who call on the Lord will be saved.
(glc1 glc6) Romans 10:14-16 People must believe in God before they will call out to God. People must be told about God so they can believe in Him. Other people are sent throughout the world to peach the gospel message. Isaiah 52:7: “How timely is the arrival of those who proclaim the good news.” (NET) Some people hear the gospel but do not respond in faith. Isaiah 53:1 says, “Lord, who has believed our report?”” (NET) Faith comes after hearing the gospel of the message of Jesus Christ.
Romans 10:25-32 Paul wrote to the Christians to explain God’s plan so they would not think too highly of their position in their faith. Unbelief has taken place in the Jewish people until the proper number of Gentiles have come to faith in Jesus. Then Isaiah 59:20 will be fulfilled: “The Deliverer will come out of Zion; he will remove ungodliness from Jacob (glc...Jewish people). And this is my covenant with them, when I take away their sins.” (NET) . The Jewish people were opposed to Christians but God has a plan for the Jews based on His promises to them in the Old Testament. The Gentile believers were disobedient to God but received God’s mercy as a result of the Jews disobedience (glc...in not believing in Jesus). The Jews were disobedient to God but as the witness the Gentiles receiving God’s mercy they will receive God’s mercy.
(glc2) Romans 14:13 Don’t judge each other, and make it your practice not to hinder the faith of another Christian. Don’t make decisions about food that offend others. Remember, Christ died for them. The kingdom of God does not consist of abundant food and drink but is the righteousness, peace, and joy of the Holy Spirit. Living for Christ in this attitude pleases God and gets the approval of people.
(glc1) Romans 15:8-13 Christ became a servant of the Jews to follow God’s truth and fulfill God’s promises to the Jews’ ancestors, leading to the Gentiles glorifying God for His mercy. Deuteronomy 32:43 “Rejoice, O Gentiles, with His people.” (NET) Psalm 117:1 “Praise the Lord all you Gentiles, and let all the peoples praise Him.” (NET) Isaiah 11:1, 11:10 “The root of Jesse will come, and the one who rises to rule over the Gentiles, in Him will the Gentiles hope.” (NET) Paul prayed that Christians would be filled with joy and peace as they believed in Jesus, so they would overflow with hope in the power of the Holy Spirit.
(glc1 glc6) Rom 15:16 Paul viewed his ministry of preaching the gospel of Jesus Christ as a means of helping the Gentiles become acceptable to God as they are sanctified by the Holy Spirit after they put their faith in Jesus.
(glc1 glc6) Romans 15:19-21 Paul’s ministry of preaching the gospel included powerful signs and wonders done in the power of the Spirit of God. Paul preached the gospel message of Jesus Christ from Jerusalem even as far as Illyricum (Google...an old Roman province on the east coast of the Adriatic Sea….modern day Albania, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Slovenia, Serbia) . Paul wanted to preach about Christ in regions that had not heard about Christ. Isaiah 52:15 “Those who were not told about Him will see, and those who have not heard will understand.” (NET)
(glc6) Romans 15:30-32 Paul urged Christians to be motivated by the Lord Jesus Christ and the love of the Holy Spirit to sincerely pray for God’s help for Paul: that he would be rescued from unbelievers; that his financial ministry to Christians in Jerusalem would be acceptable; that by God’s will Paul would return to the Romans with joy and be refreshed.
(glc6) Romans 16:1- 16;21-23 Many people were helping in the spread of the gospel.
(glc1) Romans 16:25-7 God is able to build you up based on Paul’s gospel message about Jesus Christ. This message is a revealing of the secret kept for a long time. The gospel is revealed through the prophecies in the Old Testament and is proclaimed to all nations, as God commanded, to bring people to the obedience of faith. Glory be forever, through Jesus Christ, to the only wise God.
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1 CORINTHIANS
(glc1 glc6) 1 Corinthians 1:1-3 Paul was called by God to serve as an apostle (glc...messenger, follower) of Christ Jesus. Paul wrote to the Christians in Corinth. Christians are sanctified (glc... forgiven and set apart to God, and should be dedicated to do what God wants them to do … Google … reserved for holy use) and assigned to be saints (ESV...the words sanctified and saints...set apart from evil and dedicated to God’s service). All who have faith in our Lord Jesus Christ, all over the world, are sanctified and saints. Paul can confidently ask for grace (glc..unmerited favor) and peace for them from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.
(glc1) 1 Corinthians 1:4-9 Paul thanked God for the unmerited favor that the Corinthian Christians received in Christ Jesus. The gospel message about Christ was confirmed in the lives of the Corinthians as they received spiritual gifts from God. Paul was confident that Jesus would continue to give the Corinthians strength in their faith so they would be found acceptable to God when Christ returns. God has called Christians into fellowship with His Son, Jesus Christ our Lord.
(glc1 glc6) 1 Corinthians 1:10-17 Christians should be united in the common mind and purpose of seeking God. Focus on God and Jesus, not on popular preachers and teachers. Paul is emphasizing that it was Christ who was crucified for them. Christ sent Paul to preach the gospel in a straightforward manner and not in a showy manner that would distract from the core truth of the gospel.
(glc1 glc6) 1 Corinthians 1:18-25 The gospel message seems senseless to those who reject God, but the gospel message tells the power of God to those who believe in Jesus. God has shown that worldly wisdom of trained speakers is foolishness because the people who are saved from their sins are the ones who believe the unadorned gospel message. Jews wanted to see miracles and Gentiles wanted worldly wisdom, but Paul and his associates preach about the crucifixion of Jesus. The unbelievers cannot comprehend God’s plan through Jesus. To those God calls, both Jews and Gentiles, Christ is the power and wisdom of God. God’s weakest plan is much wiser and stronger than man’s wisdom or strength.
(glc1 glc6) 1 Corinthians 1:26-31 Christians should think about who God calls. God does not just call and seek out the humanly powerful and prestigious people. God calls and associates with the lowly regarded people in the world to show the “wise” and “prestigious” how misguided they are in thinking they are the most important. God has provided Christians with a relationship with Christ Jesus, who came to Earth to bring God’s wisdom, righteousness, separation of people from evil to then have a holy purpose, and redemption from sin. Jeremiah 9:23,24 If you are going to boast, don’t boast about human things, focus on God.
(glc1 glc6) 1 Corinthians 2:1-5 Paul did not try to persuade people to believe the gospel through fancy speaking or clever arguments. His message was focused on facts about Jesus Christ and His crucifixion (glc...and being raised from the dead). Paul lacked confidence that people would listen to him, but his words were accompanied by signs done by the Holy Spirit. Paul’s approach was to have people put their faith in God, not in good sounding arguments from a man.
(glc6) 1 Cor 2:6-16 Paul did have something worthy to say to people who listened attentively. Paul’s message carried timeless truth that does not become irrelevant as the years go by. Paul’s message contained a revelation of God’s hidden message from years ago. The Jewish and Gentile people did not understand God’s message and crucified Jesus. God gave spiritual understanding of God’s free gifts to Christians through the Holy Spirit of God. Paul was instructed by God’s Spirit. He was not instructed by, and was not led by, worldly ways of thinking and behaving. Paul’s group spread spiritual truths as they were led, or inspired, by by God’s Spirit.
(glc6) 1 Corinthians 3:5-15 People bring spiritual truths to people but these teachers are not the important feature, the message is the important feature. People play their role in spreading the gospel message but God is the important feature. God will reward people for their service to Him. Paul was careful to give a good gospel message that could be used by other good teachers to give more spiritual growth. Those who teach must be careful to give good service to God and quality teaching. Your service and teaching will be judged and rewards will be given, or the work done will amount to nothing.
(glc6) 1 Corinthians 4:1-5 Paul viewed himself and his traveling group as stewards of God’s message to people who sought to be faithful. Paul was not concerned about the opinions of men, but he was concerned about God’s opinion and judgment.
(glc6) 1 Corinthians 4:9-13 Paul’s group was something for people of the world to see in their persecutions. Paul’s group did not seek their own honor or reputation. They lacked basic necessities and did not retaliate against their detractors but instead kept a good attitude.
(glc6) 1 Corinthians 4:15-17 The Corinthian Christians had many supporters in their Christian walk but just one person got them started in their Christian life, Paul. Paul got them started in their faith in Jesus Christ by preaching the gospel message to them. Paul encouraged the Christians to follow his example (1 Corinthians 11:1 “Be imitators of me, just as I also am of Christ. “ NET). Paul sent Timothy, a faithful Christian, to the Corinthian Christians to give the Corinthians more instruction on how to live in Christ. Paul had a consistent teaching in all the churches he established and visited.
(glc2 glc6) 1 Corinthians 4:18-21 Paul did not tolerate Christians who promoted themselves. Paul wanted to return to the Corinthians soon, if God allowed this, so he could directly hear the self-seeking Christians message and find out if they had any true authority. The kingdom of God is not verified and demonstrated by just talking about it in generalities, but it is shown to be true by its power in the world. Paul gave the Corinthians a choice. If they resisted Paul’s instruction he would bring discipline. If they followed his teachings he would bring a friendly attitude and gentle teaching.
(glc6) 1 Corinthians 5:1-13 Paul addressed an issue where the Corinthian church was allowing sexual immorality that even Gentiles (glc...non-followers of God) did not allow. Paul was shocked that the church was proud of themselves with their attitude. Paul instructed them that they should have had godly sorrow and kept the church pure in what they allow. Paul was connected to this church in his spirit and had made a decision against the person who created this issue. Paul directed that when the church gathered to worship Jesus, and Paul’s influence was active, and there was power of the Lord Jesus, the church should turn the man over to Satan to have his fleshly ways punished so he would have his spirit reconciled to God and be saved when Jesus returns. The attitude of the Corinthian church was wrong. Impurity will affect the whole church. Christians are new through Christ’s sacrifice for sins. This should be celebrated through living in a new way, not by living in the old ways of vice and evil. Paul had written (glc...missing letter) that Christians should keep separate from sexually immoral people. His meaning was to keep separate from sexually immoral people in the church, not in the world that is full of immoral and evil people. Paul instructed the church to keep separate from those who claim to be Christian but have immoral and evil behavior. Paul lets God judge non-Christians but Paul does recommend judging those who claim to be Christian.
(glc1 glc2) 1 Corinthians 6:9-11 Those who are not in right standing with God will not become part of the kingdom of God. Think clearly! Those who continuously practice sexual immorality, worship idols, engage in adultery, practice homosexuality, steal, focus on obtaining more money and possessions, let alcohol control them, speak abusively, and cheat people (glc...the list could go on) will not become part of the kingdom of God. (glc...Those who continue in these behaviors are giving evidence that they have not submitted to God’s plan for living.) Some of the Corinthian Christians engaged in these practices before they put their faith in Jesus. But now they have changed, they were forgiven and restored to God by putting their faith in Jesus and receiving the Holy Spirit.
(glc1) 1 Corinthians 6:14 God raised Jesus from the dead by His power and God will raise Christians to heaven by His power.
(glc1) 1 Corinthians 6:19,20 The body of a Christian is a temple (glc...residing place for honor) of the Holy Spirit from God. You are not the only one who has a claim to your person.. You were redeemed at a price. (glc...Jesus’ death for you sins) Bring glory to God with your body.
(glc6) 1 Corinthians 7:12-16 Paul teaches that if a Christian is in a marriage and the spouse does not believe in Jesus, the Christian should not divorce their spouse unless thee unbelieving spouse wants a divorce. The Christian spouse should think about leading the non-Christian spouse to faith in Jesus.
(glc6) 1 Corinthians 7:20-23 Paul counsels the Corinthians to not be troubled by their status in life before they came to faith in Jesus, but if there is opportunity to be free from the absolute control of another person they should do that. Jesus paid a price for your freedom (glc...from sin) so don’t become someone’s slave. Don’t feel pressure to change your life situation after you come to faith in Jesus.
(glc1) 1 Corinthians 8:4-6 Paul reminds the Corinthian Christians that idols have not importance and there is only one God. There is only one God, the Father, who created all things and to whom we live, and there is only one Lord, Jesus Christ, through whom are all things and through whom we live (glc...faith in Jesus brings us true existence).
(glc6) 1 Corinthians 9:1-18 It appears that some Corinthians were questioning Paul’s authority. Paul felt the need to remind the Corinthians of his role as an apostle (glc...appointed by God to spread the gospel message). The faith in Jesus of the Corinthian Christians was verification that he was an apostle for Jesus. Paul pointed out that he (and Barnabas) have justification for receiving financial support from Christians, especially for those who came to faith in Jesus through their ministry. But Paul (and Barnabas) did not demand this right. They peacefully endured lack of respect and lack of courtesy in order that they would not discourage people from responding to the preaching of the gospel of Christ. Paul taught that Jesus commanded that those who proclaim the gospel should have their living needs met. Paul had made a decision to not use these rights, and was not now requesting these rights. Paul was compelled by God to preach the gospel and was rewarded personally by being able to preach the gospel without charging people for the message.
(glc6) 1 Corinthians 9:19-27 Paul was not being paid by people and was free to preach the gospel in the way he decided. He was free to take actions to make himself more acceptable to Jews at one time and more acceptable to Gentiles at other times. In this, he remained consistent with God’s and Christ’s principles for living. Paul made himself acceptable to people so they would listen to the gospel message. Paul advises Christians to have self-control, live with purpose, and live in a way that does not disqualify you from the gospel message.
(glc6) 1 Corinthians 10:31-33 Paul did not want to offend Jews or Gentiles by his decisions and actions. He did not want to give them any reason to not listen to the gospel message he was preaching, or to discourage them from putting their faith in Jesus.
(glc6) 1 Corinthians 11:1 Paul taught people in such a way that the message survived in the people after Paul had traveled on to other locations. The people’s lives were changed and they adopted Paul’s way of living.
(glc1) 1 Corinthians 11:23-26 Jesus instructed the disciples to remember Him and His sacrifice for our sins by eating the bread and wine. The communion ceremony reinforces our memory of Jesus’ sacrifice. (glc...And we also remember his resurrection from the dead.)
(glc1) 1 Corinthians 12:12-13, 27 People from all cultures and backgrounds are all part of the Christian family after they come to have faith in Jesus’ sacrifice. They all receive the same Holy Spirit.
(glc1) 1 Corinthians 13:8-12 When Jesus returns, human religious activities on Earth will no longer be needed. We will have full understanding and revelation.
no comments about the Gospel in 1 Corinthians 14
(glc1 glc6) 1 Corinthians 15:1-11 Faith, belief, in the gospel message bring salvation, forgiveness of sins. A person must keep this faith and not just have a temporary agreement with the gospel message. Paul’s main points in the gospel message were that Christ died for our sins (glc...Jesus satisfied God’s requirement that there is a penalty for sin. Jesus paid that penalty in place of our ...those who have faith in Jesus…. being judged by God.) , in fulfillment of the Old Testament scriptures, and that he was buried and rose from the dead on the third day, also in fulfillment of the Old Testament scriptures. After He was raised from the dead, Jesus appeared to the disciples and to more than 500 men and women who believed in Jesus. Many of those 500 were alive when Paul wrote 1 Corinthians. Jesus also appeared to James (glc...Jesus half-brother, and a leader in the Jerusalem church) and to Paul (glc...on the road to Damascus). Paul dedicated himself to spreading the gospel message and was able to be effective because God’s unmerited favor was given to Paul. Christians have heard the gospel message from various preachers, and respond with belief (glc...faith) in (Jesus.
(glc1 glc2 glc6) 1 Corinthians 15:12-26 Part of the gospel message is that Christ was raised from the dead. People will be resurrected after they die. Christ being raised from the dead is a key part of the gospel message, and essential for our salvation. If Christ was not raised from the dead then Christian faith is empty and worthless at providing forgiveness for sins. But! Christ was raised from the dead. Sin started with Adam and resurrection of the dead came through Jesus. All people will die and all who have faith in Jesus will have life (glc...with God). Jesus will present the kingdom to God the Father (glc...show His victory over earthly authorities) after He returns to Earth and replaces all human authorities. Jesus will subdue all enemies, including death.
(glc1 glc6) 1 Corinthians 15:29 – 58 The Corinthian Christians believed in the resurrection of the dead. (glc...They believed there was a life after the end of human life.) (NET… “The most likely interpretation is that some Corinthians had undergone baptism to bear witness to the faith of fellow believers who had died without experiencing that rite themselves. “) Paul faced dangers as he traveled and preached the gospel. Paul spoke forcefully that the Corinthians should think clearly about how they lived and should seek knowledge of God. God will give a heavenly body (imperishable, glorious, powerful, spiritual) to those who die. We have a human body but we should also show forth the characteristics of Jesus. Human bodies cannot take on the characteristics of the kingdom of God. After death there will come a trumpet sound and the dead will be raised imperishable and changed. We will be imperishable and immortal. Death will be defeated. We have victory over sin and death through our Lord Jesus Christ. Keep your faith in Jesus.
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2 CORINTHIANS
(glc6) 2 Cor 1:1-2 Paul was appointed by God to be a messenger of the gospel message. Timothy and Christians in Achaia (glc...southern Greece) joined in support of this letter. Paul prayed for God’s unmerited favor and peace for the Corinthians.
(glc6) 2 Cor 1:4-11 God showed concern for Paul and brought him comfort. Paul and his group experienced persecutions due to their association with Jesus, and Paul wanted to let the Corinthians know that the comfort his group experienced because of their trust in Jesus was available for the Corinthian Christians. Paul and his group experienced persecutions that brought comfort and salvation to the Corinthians (glc...perhaps persecutions on Paul’s group made the Corinthians less of a target for people who opposed Christianity….and the efforts of Paul’s group to spread the gospel message resulted in Corinthian people coming to faith in Jesus.) As the gospel spreads, Christians should keep their faith and endure persecutions. Christians in different areas experience similar persecutions and can expect to experience similar comfort from God. Paul’s group suffered greatly in the province of Asia (glc...west portion of present-day Turkey) and thought they would die, but they trusted in God, who has power and authority to raise the dead (glc...reference to Jesus resurrection), rather than human deliverance, and God delivered them and they trust and rely that God will do so in the future. It is proper to pray for those who spread the gospel, and this will result in more people giving thanks to God when help from God arrives.
(glc1 glc6) 2 Cor 1:12-24 Paul’s group had pure motives in making their travel plans and relied on God’s direction in their interactions with people. Christians will feel good about the efforts made for other Christians on the day Jesus returns. Paul wanted to visit Corinth again so they could help him in his plans to travel through Macedonia (glc...northern Greece). After this Paul’s group would return to Corinth and the Corinthian Christians would have an opportunity to help Paul travel to Judea. Paul’s travel plans were not made haphazardly or deceptively. The message Paul’s group has for the Corinthians is positive and supportive. Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy preached about the Son of God, Jesus, to the Corinthians and Jesus is positive and supportive. All of God’s promises are fulfilled in Jesus, and through Jesus the “Amen” is delivered and God receives the glory. God establishes (ESV...set apart and established) Christians in Christ. God poured out His favor on Christians and provided the Holy Spirit in our hearts as a promise of the completion of His plans. Paul postponed his visit to the Corinthian Christians to spare them a conflict. Paul wanted to work with them so they would have increased joy, because their faith caused them to have a firm spiritual standing.
(glc6) 2 Corinthians 2:1-13 Paul did not want conflict with the Corinthian Christians. Paul wanted to benefit from good relations with the Corinthian Christians. Paul’s wrote with a distressed heart in his previous letter as he corrected them. The letter should have shown them the Christian love Paul had for them. The person who sinned brought sadness to Paul and to the Corinthian church. Paul encouraged the Corinthians to end the punishment for the one who sinned. They should bring the person back into fellowship with forgiveness and love so he does not despair. Paul’s call to discipline the person was a test of the Corinthian Christians to see if they would have Christian obedience. Paul is willing to forgive the person if the Corinthian Christians extend their forgiveness to the person. This will block Satan from his scheming work. As Paul went to Troas to proclaim the gospel of Christ he was ill at ease because Titus was not there. So Paul left them to go to Macedonia (glc...northern Greece).
(glc6) 2 Corinthians 2:14-17 Paul thanked God for the spiritual victories He provides in Christ. God was spreading appealing knowledge of Him wherever Paul preached. Paul’s ministry of Jesus was warmly welcomed by those who came to faith in Jesus and was noticed by those who did not come to faith in Jesus. Those who did not come to faith in Jesus were repelled but those who came to faith were refreshed. Paul’s group did not seek financial gain from the gospel message. Rather, Paul’s group preached in Christ, in God’s view, with sincerity and integrity, as people sent on this mission from God.
(glc6) 2 Corinthians 3:1-6 The ministry of Paul and his companions was validated, shown to be authentic, by the people who came to faith in Jesus. God gave Paul and his group the ability to spread the gospel message. Th e new covenant established by Jesus’ sacrifice is based on faith, not on obeying a set of laws.
(glc1 glc6) 2 Corinthians 3:7-18 The ministry of the Spirit is better than the ministry of obeying the Old Testament laws. The ministry of the Spirit leads to righteousness. Faith in Christ brings understanding of the covenants recorded in the Old Testament. The Lord is the Spirit and those who have the Spirit have freedom. Christians are being transformed into showing more and more of the glory of the Lord. (ESV...there is unity among the three persons of the Trinity….salvation in Christ brings freedom from sin, freedom of access to God)
(glc6) 2 Corinthians 4:1-6 Paul and his group were not discouraged in the ministry of preaching the gospel. They made a decision to plainly declare the truth of the word of God to everyone without distortion or deceptive techniques. Some people don’t understand the gospel message because they don’t believe and the god of the culture blinds their minds so they don’t comprehend the wonderful gospel of Christ, who reveals God. Paul and his group did not teach that they were special and to be honored, but rather, preached Jesus Christ as Lord and taught that they were servants of the Corinthians because of who Jesus is. God brought wonderful understanding of God through Christ Jesus.
(glc1 glc6) 2 Corinthians 4:7-18 Paul and his group carried the wonderful gospel message in ordinary human bodies to make it clear that the gospel power comes from God and not from people. Paul and his group faced many difficulties and persecutions but they knew they were not defeated, did not despair, were not abandoned, were not destroyed, and showed the life of Jesus to people as they lived through these troubles. The troubles that Paul and his group experienced resulted in the Corinthian Christians having God’s life become effective in them. (ESV….the Corinthians should learn to trust God in the midst of adversity) Paul and his group continued to preach the gospel because they firmly believed in God and Jesus. They knew that the God who raised Jesus from the dead would also raise them with Jesus and welcome them to be near Him. God’s unmerited favor is leading to many people coming to faith in Jesus and resulting in more thanksgiving and glory to God. Paul and his group were not concerned that their physical bodies were losing strength and health because their inner spirits were gaining strength every day. The sufferings Christians encounter in this world are small and incomparable to the glory of eternal life with God. Paul and his group were always thinking about the eternal life to come rather than the temporary life on Earth.
(glc1) 2 Cor 5:1;5-7 Christians who die have an eternal dwelling with God in the heavens. … God has given Christians the Holy spirit as a guarantee of their good future. Christians can have courage in this life while they are on Earth and not near their future life in God’s presence. Christians are guided by faith in God, not just by what they see on Earth.
(glc1 glc6) 2 Corinthians 5:11-21 Paul and his group had a reverent fear of the Lord and wanted to accomplish the mission given to them. They tried to encourage people to put their faith in Jesus. They were well known to God and should have been well known to the Corinthian Christians. Paul and his group did not promote themselves but wanted the Corinthians to be able to respond to those who just looked at earthly characteristics (glc...Paul did not have much that made him acceptable to non-Christians) instead of what was in peoples inner motives and thoughts. Paul and his group were motivated and guided by Jesus Christ’s love for humanity. Paul and his group were confident that Jesus Christ died for all people and all have his sacrifice for sins available to them. Those who have faith in Jesus, and live, should not live for their own comfort and benefits, but for Jesus who died and was resurrected for them. Paul and his group did not evaluate people based on outward characteristics. Jesus Christ had human characteristics while on Earth, but Christians don’t have that limited view of Jesus any longer. Those who have faith in Jesus have been created anew with their past in the past. God has established brought Christians into relationship with Him through Jesus Christ’s sacrifice for sins, and has given Paul and his group a mission of helping others see they can have a new relationship with God. Jesus Christ, God, enabled the world to be in right relationship with Him by wiping out the record of their sins. Paul and his group were spreading this message for Jesus as His ambassadors. They were carrying God’s message to people. Paul’s group strongly encouraged the Corinthian Christians to be in right relationship with God. God’s plan was to have the sinless Jesus take on God’s judgment for the sins of people so the people would be viewed as righteous in God’s eyes.
(glc6) 2 Corinthians 6:3-10 Paul and his group did give non-Christians any reason to reject their ministry. They served God and kept a good reputation. They showed great endurance as they were mistreated, had troubles, were beaten, were put into prison, had people riot against them, lacked sleep, and were hungry. They showed purity and good knowledge, were patient, were testified to by the Holy Spirit, showed true love, and taught truthfully, without deceit. They were testified to, and fully equipped, by the power of God. They experienced respect and dishonor, slander and positive affirmation. They were called fake but held forth truth, they were called unimportant but were well-known, they were viewed as near death but they lived. They were beaten but did not die. They had sorrow but could always rejoice. They did not have material wealth but gave true riches to people and possessed everything that was important.
(glc6) 2 Corinthians 7:5-16 When Paul’s group came to Macedonia they were unsettled and troubled both in their bodies and in their spirit. But God encouraged them when Titus arrived but not only having him with them, but also by the good report he carried regarding the Corinthian Christians. They were pleased to hear that the Corinthians missed them and that they had deep concern for Paul. This caused Paul to rejoice. Paul had some regrets that his letter to the Corinthians (glc...1 Corinthians in which Paul condemns sin in the church) had made them sad but he now rejoiced because they repented and had not been permanently harmed. Paul was pleased to hear that they had experienced sadness that produces repentance that leads to salvation and no regrets. Simple earthly sadness does not produce a right relationship with God. Paul commended the Corinthians for refreshing Titus’ spirit. Paul was thankful that his boasts about the Corinthians had been proven true. The obedience of the Corinthian Christians, and their warm welcome, and submission, for Titus, lifted Titus’ affection for them. Paul rejoiced that he had full confidence in the Corinthians.
(glc1) 2 Corinthians 8:9 The unmerited favor of our Lord Jesus Christ was revealed to us when Jesus gave up his heavenly position, came to Earth, and died so people could obtain a heavenly standing.
(glc6) 2 Corinthians 8:16-24 God gave Titus a call to minister to the Corinthians and Titus was eager to go to them. Paul’s group also sent another Christian worker (ESV … unknown person) who was well known for his good work in spreading the gospel. The churches also wanted this person to accompany the group, who would be taking a financial gift to Judea to help poor Christians, for financial accountability to maintain a good reputation among people. Paul gave his endorsement and recommendation for Titus and other Christians in his group. Paul expected that the Corinthian Christians would extend love to these travelers.
(glc6) 2 Corinthians 9:1-5; 13-15 Paul knew the Corinthians were eager to give financial support to Christians, but he wanted them to be prepared so than when other Christians came to visit them that Paul and his group, and the Corinthians, would not be embarrassed when the Macedonian Christians saw that the Corinthian Christians had not made financial preparations for their promised, generous, ministry gift. … The evidence of their generous gift would lead the Macedonian Christians to give glory to God as they saw the Corinthians obedience to their statement of belief in the gospel of Christ and experienced their generosity of sharing. Paul shared that the Macedonian Christians longed to meet the Corinthian Christians because of the great unmerited favor God gave to the Corinthians. Paul thanked God enthusiastically for Hisreat gift (glc… Jesus sacrifice for our sins ESV Romans 8:32).
(glc6) 2 Corinthians 10:1-11 Paul wanted to make it clear to the Corinthian Christians that the Lord had given Paul authority for building up Christians, but that he was able to tear down arguments, and people, that were opposed to the knowledge of God.
(glc6) 2 Corinthians 10:12-17 Paul and his group did not try to boldly declare they were as good, or better, than some people who promoted themselves. Paul and his group restricted their boasting to the mission work that God had assigned to them, including the Corinthian Christians. Paul and his group expected the faith of the Corinthians to grow and that the impact of Paul’s work among them would grow. This would allow Paul and his group to preach the gospel in new areas beyond Corinth.
(glc6) 2 Cor 11:1-15 Paul did not just preach the gospel in Corinth and then leave with no concern for their spiritual condition. He had a strong desire that Christian converts from his ministry remained pure in their spiritual and earthly thoughts and actions and faithful to Jesus Christ. Paul was concerned that false teachers were being tolerated by the Corinthians. Paul reminded the Corinthians that he was not less of a messenger than the false teachers and had good spiritual knowledge. Paul had humbled himself, for the benefit of the Corinthians, in his interactions with the Corinthians and had not asked the Corinthians to pay for hearing him teach about the gospel. Other churches had given Paul and his group financial help so they could preach the gospel in the world. Paul did not put a financial burden on people as he preached the gospel. Paul wanted to be different than the false teachers and prevent the false teachers from claiming equality with Paul. Paul had discernment that those who were having the Corinthian Christians pay them for teaching were only putting on a false show of being apostles of Jesus Christ. Paul warned that the servants of Satan disguise themselves as servants of righteousness, but those servants will get what they deserve in the end.
(glc6) 2 Corinthians 11:16-33 Paul instructs the Corinthians about himself in terms the false teachers were using so the Corinthians can understand how Paul is different from the false teachers. Paul was a Hebrew, an Israelite, a descendant of Abraham, doing more than them as a servant of Christ, had been imprisoned more than them, had been beaten more than them, had faced death, had received severe lashings from the Jews, had been beaten with a rod, had been stoned, had been shipwrecked three times and had been adrift at sea for more than a day. In his journeys he faced dangers from rivers, robbers, Jews, and Gentiles. He experienced dangers in cities, in the countryside, at sea, from false prophets. He did hard work, lacked sleep, was hungry and thirsty, lacked clothing and was cold. Beyond all these physical troubles, he also was burdened by his concerns for the churches he established. The spiritual weaknesses and sins of converts took energy away from Paul. Paul could boast about he had been helped when he was in trouble for sharing the gospel.
2 Corinthians 12:11-21 When Paul preached the gospel and taught it was accompanied by signs, wonders, and powerful deeds that are done by an apostle of God. Paul repeats that he wants the Corinthians to continue in their faith, he does not want material wealth from them. Paul was giving of his life for them. Others who Paul sent to them also did not take advantage of the Corinthians. Paul plans to visit them again and he certainly does not want to find that they have quarrels, jealousy, anger, striving for personal gain, false accusations, gossip, pride in themselves, or disorder. This would be humbling to Paul to see the poor condition of people in the church and find that people have not repented of impurity, sexual immorality, and disregard for rules for sexuality.
(glc6) 2 Corinthians 13:1-10 Paul’s upcoming visit was the third visit he made to Corinth. Paul was ready to prove to the Corinthians that Paul was carrying Christ’s message. Jesus was crucified in his weak human body but now lives because of God’s power. Christians have weaknesses but they will live together with Jesus after our earthly death because of God’s power available for Christians. Examine yourself to see if your faith in Jesus is true. Paul and his group have examined themselves and have true faith in Jesus. Paul wanted the Corinthian Christians to leave sin so his next ministry visit would go smoothly, and so they would have spiritual growth, and he would not have to discipline them with the authority given to him by the Lord.
(glc6) 2 Corinthians 13:11-13 Paul closed the letter with encouraging words and the hope they would live in peace so the God of love and peace would be with them. Paul prayed they would have the unmerited favor of the Lord Jesus Christ, the love of God, and the fellowship of the Holy Spirit.
------------- GALATIANS
(glc1 glc6) Galatians 1:1-5 Paul was given the position of apostle (Google….word in Greek means “one sent off” … messenger, ambassador) by Jesus Christ and God the Father who raised Jesus from the dead after His crucifixion. The Lord Jesus Christ willingly became the sacrifice for our sins as He followed the will of God the Father.
(glc1 glc6) Galatians 1:6-11 Paul was greatly surprised that the Galatians had strayed from the gospel message he proclaimed to them. The gospel message is not to be changed from its original form. Paul did not change the gospel to get the approval of people. Paul remained a servant of Jesus Christ.
(glc6) Galatians 1:11-24 The gospel message Paul delivered to them came to him by revelation of Jesus Christ (glc...starting with Paul’s experience on the Damascus road). The gospel message originated from God, not from the thoughts of people. Paul had been a strict Jew and had persecuted Christians. God the Father extended unmerited favor to Paul and revealed His Son to Paul so Paul could preach the gospel message to Gentiles. Paul did not become a messenger of the gospel through the coaching of people, including the Christians in Jerusalem. Three years after Paul’s conversion experience, he went to talk with church leaders in Jerusalem so he could be better informed about Jesus but he only spoke to Peter and James, Jesus’ brother. Then he went to Syria and Cilicia (glc...Cilicia was a region of southeast present-day Turkey… Google...birthplace of Paul) . Paul had a reputation with Christians in in Syria and Cilicia as a person who had persecuted Christians in the past but now was proclaiming the gospel of Jesus. The change in Paul led Christians to give glory to God.
(glc6) Galatians 2:1-10 After Paul had been preaching to Gentiles for several years, he went to Jerusalem to confirm that the message he preached was correct. He held a private meeting with the church leaders to report on his ministry and get their input. The leaders approved of Paul’s message to the Gentiles. This matter developed because some people with bad motives had associated with Paul to see if he was preaching in a way that matched their interpretation for the duties of new Gentile Christians. Paul and his group did not retreat from holding to freedom in Christ, in the face of their accusations. Paul reassured the Galatians that the gospel truth was unchanged from what he had preached to them. The leaders of the church in Jerusalem were respected by Paul but Paul knew God does not promote some people over others. The leaders did not ask Paul to change the gospel message he was preaching. They recognized God had assigned Paul to preach to the Gentiles, and others were given a ministry, and given power by God, to preach to Jews. God gave Paul power in his ministry to Gentiles. The leaders James, Peter, and John recognized God’s blessing on Paul’s ministry to Gentiles and gladly welcomed their ministry. They agreed on spheres of ministry to people groups and only asked Paul and his group to help the poor in Jerusalem, which Paul was very willing to do.
(glc6) Galatians 2:11-14 When Peter came to visit the church in Antioch he ate with the Gentiles. But when some Jews associated with James in Jerusalem arrived, Peter distanced himself from the Gentiles to protect his reputation with the Jewish Christians. This led other Jewish Christians, even Barnabas, to distance themselves from the Gentile Christians. Paul confronted Peter in person and rebuked him in front of the Jewish Christians about his behavior that was inconsistent with the gospel.
(glc1 glc6) Galatians 2:15-21 Paul wrote that all are justified before God as a result of Jesus’ faithfulness (glc...his willing sacrifice on the cross for our sins) and definitely not by just keeping the laws of the Jewish faith. Believing in Jesus Christ brings justification. Just keeping the laws of the Jewish faith does not justify us to God. Those who believe in Jesus may sin but Jesus absolutely does not encourage sinful behavior or thoughts. If a Christian returns to sinful behavior it shows that the Christian is the one who violates God’s principles.(v19 ESV...Paul did not try to be justified to God by the Old Testament law. Paul had freedom to “live a live devoted to God.” Paul sought to please God in his actions but did not seek to be justified to God by his actions.) Paul willingly identified with Christ’s crucifixion and let Christ motivate him. Jesus loves us and willingly gave up his human life to deliver us from the consequences of sin. God’s free gift to us is important. If we could become righteous in God’s sight by fully keeping the Old Testament law then Christ’s death on the cross was meaningless.
(glc1) Galatians 3:1-14 Paul rebuked the Galatians for wavering from the truth of the gospel, that a right relationship with God is through faith in what they heard from Paul, and not through trying to do the works of the Old Testament law. The Galatians had received the Holy Spirit, saw miracles, by believing what they heard from Paul, not by doing the works of the law. The Galatians had started their Christian lives by faith but were now in danger of shifting to try to earn salvation by doing the works of the law. God’s plan for approval was apparent since the time God considered Abraham to be righteous because he believed (glc...in God and what God said). Those who believe now are spiritual descendants of Abraham. God spoke the gospel message to Abraham when God told him that the nations would be blessed in Abraham (glc...blessed because they had belief and faith like Abraham). No one is justified in God’s sight by doing the works of the Old Testament law. The righteous person lives due to their faith. Christ’s sacrifice on the cross redeemed those who have faith in Him, and provided God’s blessing and spirit to Gentiles (glc...and Jews) who have faith.
(glc1) Galatians 3:15-22 God planned that Jesus would be the fulfillment of the covenant given to Abraham (ESV...430 years before the law came to Moses) . The law given to Moses does not cancel the covenant given to Abraham. The inheritance of a right relationship to God comes from the promise God gave to Abraham. The law makes it clear to people that they have sinned. God’s promise comes to those who believe.
(glc1) Galatians 3:23-29 The law held people to be guilty until Christ came. Now God declares us righteous when we have faith in Jesus. Those who have faith have the right to inheritance (glc...eternal life with God). Those who believe in Jesus no longer are labeled as Jews or Gentiles, slave or free, male or female – they are all one in Jesus Christ, and are spiritual descendants of Abraham, and partakers of the promise given to Abraham.
(glc1) Gal 4:1-7 People were under the influence of worldly ways of living before Jesus came to Earth. God sent His Son, Jesus, to be a human raised under the Old Testament law, to purchase freedom for people under the law, so that those who believe would become part of God’s family, fully accepted by Him. Christians have the Spirit of God in them, who calls out to God the Father. As part of God’s family, Christians are heirs to God’s promises.
(glc1) Galatians 4:8-10 Those who have put their faith in Jesus must not put their trust in the Old Testament law that is powerless to cleanse from sin.
(glc6) Galatians 4:13-20 Paul came to the Galatians and preached the Gospel with a physical imperfection (glc...eye trouble). The Galatians looked past this and embraced the gospel message with enthusiasm. There were deceitful people among the Galatians who were trying to turn them from true faith in Jesus. Paul was very concerned about the spiritual condition of the Galatians.
(glc1) Galatians 4:21-31 There were two covenants. The covenant that came through Moses does not free people from sin. The covenant that leads people to heaven gives freedom. Remove the covenant of slavery to sin from your life. Christians live in the covenant that gives freedom.
(glc1 glc6) Galatians 5:1-12 Those who have faith in Jesus Christ have been set free from the requirements of the law (glc...that no one can fully keep). If a Christian chooses to believe, and put their faith in, that following the Old Testament law can provide a right relationship with God, then they are separated from Jesus Christ and no longer participate in God’s free gift of unmerited favor with God. It is by faith, and through the Holy Spirit, that we have the hope of being declared righteous by God. Those who have faith in Jesus don’t gain any extra righteousness from their status with respect to the Old Testament law. It is only faith in Jesus that is important. Paul discerned that the Galatians who had put their faith in Jesus were now being misled from fully, and only, trusting in Jesus for their righteousness. The spiritual error that was in the church in Galatia was causing a large effect of contamination. The misleading teachers were completely in error in claiming that Paul promoted circumcision, because Paul was persecuted by Jews.
(glc1) Galatians 5:13-26 Faith in Jesus brings us freedom from the judgment of sin, but this freedom must not be misused to engage in sin. Rather, act in love towards each other. Be led by the Holy Spirit to protect you from choosing sinful ways that your inner desires would choose. Human inner desires are the opposite of what the Holy Spirit wants for you. Those who have faith in Jesus and are led by the Holy Spirit will not be judged by the Old Testament law. Those who continually and willingly choose the fulfill ungodly, human, inner desires will not receive the kingdom of God. (ESV...their outward behavior indicates their inner spiritual condition of separation from God) The results of following the Holy Spirit are love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control. Those who have faith in Jesus have made a decision to not be controlled by human, inner, desires. Those who have faith in Jesus should have an outward behavior that aligns with what God wants for our behavior. Those who have faith in Jesus must not think too much of themselves or become self-righteous.
Galatians 6:1-5 no gospel connections
(glc6) Galatians 6:6-10 Support, with material things, those who spread the gospel. Do good things for all people and especially so to Christians.
(glc1) Galatians 6:11-18 Some people put on outward appearances so they will not be persecuted for faith in Jesus. Don’t let them persuade you to follow their pattern or teaching. Don’t put confidence in appearances, only put confidence in Jesus sacrifice for our sins. Jesus’ sacrifice changes the relationship between Christians and the world so you are not bound to the worldly way of living. Outward appearances do not have any true spiritual value. Only a redeemed life through Jesus’ sacrifice has true value.
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EPHESIANS
(glc6) Ephesians 1:1-2 God chose Paul to be an apostle (Google – commissioned ambassador, messenger) of Christ Jesus. Paul wrote to the Christians in Ephesus.
(glc1) Ephesians 1:3-14 Honor and praise God the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ for He has bestowed many spiritual blessings on us through Christ. God planned for Christians to be generated by Christ, before the creation of the physical world, that Christians would be separate from worldly ways and be blameless before God through His love. Christians have this standing because they have been adopted as heirs through Jesus’ sacrifice by God’s decision. This results in praise to God for giving us this free gift through Jesus. Through Jesus’ sacrifice we are redeemed from sin according to the unmerited favor that He abundantly poured out on Christians. God’s hidden will was revealed through Christ’s ministry and sacrifice and His will will be fully put in place in future times when Christ is over all things. Christians have been claimed by God as it was God’s plan. Christians, who were first to fully trust in Christ, serve as the praise to God. When those who are now Christians heard the gospel message of salvation and believed the gospel message, they were marked by God with the promised Holy Spirit, which serves as a promise of their future inheritance to eternal life. God’s plan brings praise to God.
(glc6) Ephesians 1:15-23 Paul had heard of the faith of the Ephesians and their expressions of love for Christians, so he prayed with thanksgiving as he lifted them up in prayer. Paul prayed that the God would give the Ephesians spiritual wisdom and insight as they grew in knowledge of God. This could happen for them because their inner spiritual lives have received insight. Thus, they can understand the (glc...certain) hope of God’s calling, the great value of the spiritual inheritance for Christians, and the power without measure for Christians that He has displayed in the world. This power was demonstrated when Christ was raised from the dead and seated with God the Father in heaven – that is far beyond any power or authority on Earth. Christ will remain far above any power in the future. God the Father put Jesus Christ in a position of authority and Jesus is the head and Lord of the church. (ESV… “Christ has identified himself with his church...the church, filled by Christ, fills all creation as representatives of Christ.”)
(glc1) Ephesians 2:1- 10 All were spiritually dead because of their sins before being made spiritually alive by Christ Jesus. God extended his great love and unmerited favor and those who have faith in Jesus are saved from the eternal consequences of sin. Those who have faith in Jesus have been spiritually raised up, made spiritually alive together with Jesus Christ, and have a position in heaven with Christ Jesus. This demonstrates God’s great and abundant unmerited favor and kindness to Christians through Christ Jesus. You are saved because of your faith in Jesus and not because of any efforts or works you may do on Earth. No person can have pride that they have achieved this spiritual standing. God has done a good work in Christians and after putting their faith in Jesus, Christians can then do good works that God previously planned for them to do.
(glc1) Ephesians 2:11-22 Jesus’ sacrifice on the cross has given Gentiles (glc...and Jews) full participation in the covenants God made and has given Christians a confident hope. Those who have faith in Jesus are brought spiritually near to God by Jesus’ sacrifice on the cross. Jesus’ sacrifice has eliminated the Old Testament divisions of Jews and Gentiles by making a new relationship to God that supersedes the Old Testament law of commandments. Both groups are reconciled to God in the same way, through faith in Jesus’ sacrifice for sins. Jesus preached peace to both groups and both groups have access by one Holy Spirit to God the Father. Gentiles are no longer outside God’s family because they were brought in to God’s family through the ministry of apostles and prophets, and that ministry is based on the truth about Christ Jesus. The Christian church is given growth through, and in, Jesus to become a holy, worshipful, church. Christians are being built together to be a dwelling place of God in the Holy Spirit.
(glc1 glc6) Ephesians 3:1-13 Paul spent time in prison due to his activities in spreading the gospel message. Paul, and other apostles and prophets, had received a revelation about the mystery of Christ Jesus. This revealed mystery was that the Gentiles can now be fellow heirs of God’s grace and join in with others (glc...Jews) to receive God’s promises through Jesus Christ. Paul served this gospel message through God’s gift of unmerited favor that was given to him by God’s power. Paul received this unmerited favor in order to proclaim the great and not fully comprehended riches of Christ and to give understanding to others about God’s plan that had been secret. (glc...before Christ came to Earth). This has resulted in disclosing God’s secret to those in spiritual realms. God’s plan had existed for eternity and was accomplished through Christ Jesus our Lord. Because of Christ’s faithfulness and sacrifice Christians can confidently access God. Paul encouraged the readers to not be discouraged by his present condition (glc...imprisonment).
(glc1) Ephesians 3:14-21 Paul prayed that Christians would be strengthened in their inner person by the Holy Spirit, that Christ would remain in their hearts by faith, and from their foundation of love would be able to understand, with other Christians, the great extent of God’s love, that goes beyond human understanding, and have their inner person filled with the fullness of God. God has power, and that power is in Christians, to do more than we can imagine. Glory be to God in the church and in Christ Jesus forever.
Ephesians 4:1-8 skip
(glc1 glc6) Ephesians 4:9-16 Jesus came to Earth and then ascended back to heaven to fulfill God’s plans. Jesus equipped people as apostles, prophets, evangelists, and some as pastors and teachers, to equip the people for ministry in developing the church, the body of Christ, until there is unity of faith and full knowledge of Jesus. Christians are to grow into mature believers with goal of becoming Christ-like. Then the Christian will be stand firm in faith and not be misled by false teachers.
(glc6) Ephesians 4:17-24 Christians are to put away worldly ways of thinking. New believers were taught to leave the old ways of living, to be renewed in their minds, and to live as a new person created in God’s image, having righteousness and separation from worldly ways that comes from living in God’s truth.
Ephesians 4:25-29 skip
(glc1) Ephesians 4:30-32 Christians are sealed for future redemption by the Holy Spirit. Leave the old ways of living. Forgive others, just as God forgave you through Jesus’ sacrifice for sins.
(glc1) Ephesians 5:1-5 Jesus Christ loved people and willingly gave himself as the sacrifice to God for our sins. Those who habitually and willingly immoral, impure, or a greedy idolator will not be acceptable to God.
Ephesians 5:6-21 skip
(glc1) Ephesians 5:22-33 Christ is the head of the church since he is the savior of people. Christ loved the church and willingly offered himself to form the church. Christ made it possible for people to be separated from the worldly way of living since He cleansed Christians. (glc...represented when a Christian professes faith in Jesus when they are baptized). Christ will deliver a holy and blameless church.
Ephesians 6:1-13 skip
(glc6) Ephesians 6:14,15. Keep a strong faith by keeping truth around you for support, by living in righteousness, and by keeping prepared for action motivated by the gospel message.
Ephesians 6:15-18 skip
(glc6) Ephesians 6:19-20 Paul asked Christians to pray for him that God would give him the proper words to say as he preached the gospel message and that the would preach with confidence. Paul was God’s ambassador in chains but he wanted to speak the gospel message boldly.
Ephesians 6:21-24 skip
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PHILIPPIANS
(glc6) Philippians 1:1-11 Paul and Timothy considered themselves servants of Christ Jesus. The participation in the gospel by the Philippians and their partnership (ESV...financial support and concern for Paul) was an encouragement to Paul. The Philippians had remained committed to Paul during Paul’s imprisonment and during the defense and validation of the gospel. Jesus Christ brings righteousness to people and glory to God.
(glc6) Philippians 1:12-30 Paul’s circumstances and imprisonment resulted in the gospel being more widespread. The Roman guards and the public became aware that Paul was in prison because of his service to Jesus. Many Christians were even motivated and strengthened in confidence in Jesus by Paul’s imprisonment such that they spoke the gospel message more openly and more often. Some preached about Christ to try to supersede Paul’s ministry or create difficulties for Paul, but others preached sincerely to honor Paul’s ministry. Paul celebrated that Christ was increasingly being proclaimed. Paul was content with any outcome for his situation. If he would be released he would be able to do more ministry for Jesus. If he would die he would go to Christ in heaven. Paul desired to remain on Earth, do more ministry, and build up the church. Christians should live lives that honor and uplift the gospel of Christ. They should stand firm in faith in Jesus and help each other in spreading the gospel message. God allowed the Philippians to come to faith in Christ and to share in suffering for the cause of Christ.
(glc1) Philippians 2:1-11 Jesus did not seek preeminence for Himself in heaven. He gave up his position in heaven, became a person, and lived on Earth. He put God the Father’s plan first and willingly died on the cross. God the Father raised Him up from death and exalted Him in heaven that all would bow to Him and admit that Jesus Christ is Lord to the glory of God the Father.
(glc1 glc6) Philippians 2:12-18 Paul encouraged Christians in Philippi to continue thoughtfully live out their salvation with God’s help, and to keep their faith in Jesus Christ so at the end times Paul’s ministry will be validated. Paul’s life was being used up in his ministry for their benefit and this was actually a cause for joy for Paul.
(glc6) Philippians 2:19-30 Timothy was being sent by Paul to the Philippians to later give Paul a report about them. Timothy, and not only Paul, had concern for them. Timothy had been very helpful to Paul in his ministry of preaching the gospel. Epaphroditus was another ministry worker who helped Paul in the ministry of sharing the gospel. Epaphroditus had been ill and Paul wanted the Philippians to see him and no longer worry about him. Workers for the gospel should be heartily welcomed and honored.
(glc1 glc6) Philippians 3:1-11 People who worship God by the Spirit of God, magnify Christ Jesus, and put no confidence in labels given to them by people are set apart for God and are members of the family of God. Paul had excellent human, Jewish, credentials but he recognized that his human accomplishments were actually spiritual disadvantages. Nothing on Earth has spiritual value compared to a relationship with Christ Jesus. Paul rid himself of putting value on human credentials so he could be dedicated to Christ and have a relationship to Christ by having righteousness that came from Christ’s fulfillment of the ministry God the Father gave Him. Christians should seek to know Christ more, live in the power of His resurrection, suffer for following Christ, be totally faithful to God, and thus also experience resurrection from the dead.
(glc1 glc6) Philippians 3:12-21 Keep making faithful efforts to put aside worldly sins and to seek a full relationship with Christ. Don’t let failings of the past deter you from seeking a full relationship with Christ in response to Jesus desire that you have a relationship with God because of Jesus’ ministry. Don’t think too highly of yourself. Follow the examples of those who are seeking a closer relationship with God through Christ. Live as a citizen of heaven and look forward to your savior from heaven, the Lord Jesus Christ, who with His power and authority will transform our earthly bodies into heavenly bodies.
(glc6) Philippians 4:1-9 Many Christians helped Paul spread the gospel. If disagreements arise there should be a return to unity in Jesus. Follow the example of a committed Christian leader.
(glc6) Philippians 4:10-20 Paul was encouraged when Christians helped him (glc...financially). Paul did not seek a gift but it was useful to him and the gift was a credit to them and pleasing to God.
(glc6) Philippians 4:21-23 Christians should give warm greetings to other Christians when there is an opportunity to do so.
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COLOSSIANS
(glc6) Colossians 1:1-8 God appointed Paul to be an apostle of Christ. Paul and his group had learned that there were faithful Christians at Colossae and they prayed, with thanksgiving, for them. The gospel message of truth and of a certain hope of future life in heaven produced faith and love in the lives of the Colossians. The gospel message was spreading throughout the world and producing results in people’s lives. The gospel message immediately produces results in people who hear and understand the gospel message. Epaphrus, a dedicated worker for God, had taught the gospel message to the Colossians.
(glc1 glc2 glc6) Colossians 1:9-14 Paul and his group continually asked God to give the Colossians knowledge of God’s will with full spiritual wisdom and understanding. This spiritual growth produces a lifestyle that is consistent with Jesus, pleasing to Jesus, and produces good results in daily actions as Christians grow in understanding of God. This spiritual growth results in lives that display patience, steadfastness, joy, and thanksgiving to God the Father, who has granted Christians an inheritance to be with Him. Jesus’ sacrifice has brought forgiveness of our sins and has changed the status of a Christian from being under the control of evil into being part of the kingdom of Jesus, who God loves.
(glc1) Colossians 1:15-20 Jesus shows forth the nature of God. Jesus is firstborn over creation (ESV...not firstborn in the physical sense, but firstborn in the sense of having the rights and privileges of the firstborn of a ruler... Psalm 89:27) The universe and authorities were created with Jesus a part of doing the creating and for Jesus benefit. (Proverbs 8:27 Wisdom was with God in the creation process) Jesus is more important than everything and sustains the creation (Hebrews 1:3). Jesus leads and sustains the church. Jesus led the way in showing the resurrection to come for all who have faith in Jesus’ sacrifice for sins. Jesus is fully God. God gave Jesus the ministry of being the sacrifice on the cross that enabled us to be accepted by God and have a favored relationship with God.
(glc1 glc6) Colossians 1:21-29 Jesus’ death on the cross has removed the guilt of sin and restored relationship to God for those who keep their faith in Jesus and are established in the confident hope they heard in the gospel message. This gospel message was widely preached and Paul was a servant to the gospel message. Paul experienced physical suffering for the benefit of the church. Paul was given his ministry to serve the church by God. Paul took part in revealing and fulfilling the mystery that was hidden in previous times but by Jesus was made known to Christians. This mystery’s glorious riches of Jesus being in Christians and giving them a confident hope of glory was made known to Gentiles. Paul and his group proclaimed Jesus with instruction and teaching so people would come to maturity in Christ. Paul was able to do this ministry through God’s power in him.
(glc6) Colossians 2:1:5 Paul greatly wanted Christians to have love for each other, and to have full assurance as they grow in understanding the mystery of God that is revealed in Christ. Christ contains spiritual wisdom and knowledge. Paul rejoiced in knowing Christians had a positive outlook and solid faith in Christ.
(glc1 glc2 glc6) Colossians 2:6-15 After you believe in Christ Jesus as Lord, let Christ influence your daily life. Have Christ as your foundation and grow spiritually in Him with a solid faith just as your were taught by spiritual leaders as you remain ever thankful. Don’t be misled by human philosophies or traditions that are not in line with Christ. Christ is fully God. (ESV...”is the whole expression of God in his incarnation and now in his glorification, Jesus is God”). Christ, who is above all human authority, fills Christians. Christ removes the earthly body (ESV...takes (glc...Christians) out of the sphere of (glc... the control) of the flesh and are transferred to the kingdom of Christ (glc...for those who believe in Him.) ) through the spiritual work of his sacrifice on the cross. Baptism is the outward sign of our acknowledgment of Christ’s death that results in our being raised, as Christ was, because of your faith in the power and authority of God who raised Jesus after his physical death. Before believing in Christ, Christians were spiritually dead in their sins as they had not been purified by God, but Jesus gave spiritual life to believers as He forgave your sins. Jesus took away our record of being sinners by his sacrifice on the cross for our sins. Jesus has taken away the power of demonic authorities to accuse Christians before God through His triumph at the cross.
Colossians 2:16-23 skip
(glc1) Colossians 3:1-11 Christians should seek after things that God accepts in heaven, where Christ is. Because you have changed your spiritual position and status from its former earthly connection to a firm connection with Christ in God, direct your thoughts to heavenly things, not earthly things. When Christ returns Christians will also be revealed in heaven with Him. Separate yourself from earthly passions and desires that would seek to displace God in your life. God will judge those who choose earthly ways instead of Him. Christians have left their past earthly ways and should now separate themselves from those earthly ways of living. Christians have put on a new way of living and thinking and are being renewed in understanding to align with God’s characteristics. Christians are identified as in Christ rather than the earthly labels of people groups or cultures.
(glc1) Colossians 3:12-17 Christians, as those chosen by God, should show mercy, and have kindness, humility, gentleness, and patience. They should forgive other people just as the Lord has forgiven them. Let Christ’s peace control you and have uplifting Christian fellowship and encouragement with other Christians. Let all your speech and actions be aligned with the Lord Jesus character and give thanks to God the Father through Jesus.
Colossians 3:18-25 skip
(glc6) Colossians 4:1-6 Pray often. Paul asked the Colossians to pray for him and his group, that God would give them more opportunities to proclaim the gospel message of the mystery of Christ (glc...Christ’s sacrifice for sins). Paul was in prison because he was preaching about Christ. Paul asked for prayer support that he would continue to preach the gospel message. Paul encouraged the Colossians to make the most of opportunities (glc... to share the gospel message). Christians should be prepared to engage others in spiritual conversations.
(glc6) Colossians 4:7-18 Paul sent Tychicus and Onesimus, faithful workers in the gospel, to the Colossians to give a personal report about Paul and to encourage them. Others in Paul’s group sent greetings to the Colossians. The Colossians were being prayed for by Paul’s group. Paul encouraged Archippus to complete the ministry the Lord had given him.
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1 THESSALONIANS
(glc6) 1 Thessalonians 1:1-10 Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy thanked God for the people of the church in Thessalonica because Paul remembered the Thessalonians had worked with faith, labored with love, and exhibited endurance of hope in our Lord Jesus Christ. Paul knew that the men and women in the church at Thessalonica had been chosen by God because the words of the gospel message Paul brought were accompanied with power, with the Holy Spirit, and with complete conviction. Paul asked the Thessalonians to recall the character Paul and his group demonstrated when they brought the gospel message to them. Paul recalled that the Thessalonians followed the lifestyle of Paul and his group after they believed the gospel message with joy generated by the Holy Spirit even though there was persecution. The Thessalonians became an example to Christians in Macedonia and Achaia (glc… throughout Greece). The gospel message went out from Thessalonica not only into Macedonia and Achaia but into other places where Paul and his group traveled. People in these other places had heard how the Thessalonians left the worship of idols, decided to serve the true God, looked forward to return of His Son, Jesus, from heaven. Jesus was raised from the dead by God and He has delivered Christians from God’s future wrath.
(glc2 glc6) 1 Thessalonians 2:1-16 Paul and his group continued to spread the gospel message even after being persecuted in Philippi and facing opposition to their ministry. They did not use any false techniques in preaching the gospel message. They were appointed by God to declare the gospel message and declared it in faithful service to God, and did not change the message to please or impress people. They did not seek fame or money from people. They did not overuse their God given position as apostles to promote themselves. They were humble and had true caring and affection for the Thessalonians that led them to share the gospel message and to share their lives. They worked long hours and earned money so they would not be a burden to the Thessalonians as they preached the gospel message. The Thessalonians could give witness, along with God, that they had blameless and righteous conduct in Thessalonica. They ministered as a parent would do the best for their children. They motivated the Thessalonians to have a daily life that was in line with, and honoring, God who called them to God’s kingdom and glory. Paul and his group thanked God that the Thessalonians believed the gospel message as a message from God, not as a human message. This gospel message produced results among the Thessalonians. The men and women who believed followed the example set forth by Christians in Judea because they were persecuted by the people of their area, just as the Jews who killed the Lord Jesus and prophets had persecuted Paul’s group. The Jews were opposed to Paul’s ministry to the Gentiles.
1 Thessalonians 2:17-20 skip
(glc6) 1 Thessalonians 3:1-13 When Paul and his group were later in Athens they sent Timothy, who was a faithful worker for the gospel, to give the Thessalonians spiritual encouragement and teaching, so they would not be discouraged by persecutions that had come to Paul’s group. Those who preach the gospel message are bound to have persecutions and Paul had warned the Thessalonians that persecutions would come. Paul had concerns that the Thessalonians might be tempted by Satan and abandon their faith in Jesus. Timothy brought Paul and his group an encouraging report about the faith and love of the Thessalonians, and how they missed being with Paul and his group just as Paul and his group missed being with the Thessalonians. This good reassurance about the continued faith of the Christian men and women in Thessalonica helped Paul and his group in the midst of their troubles. Paul and his group have revived confidence as long as the Thessalonians keep firm in their faith of Jesus. Paul was thankful that the Thessalonians had caused Paul and his group to have joy before God. Paul and his group were praying that they might see the Thessalonians and give them more spiritual instruction. Paul prayed that Jesus would increase their love for one another, just as they had love for the Thessalonians. Paul prayed that their inner beings would grow in holiness and be blameless before God the Father when Jesus returned.
1 Thessalonians 4:1-12 skip
(glc1) 1 Thessalonians 4:13-18 Paul taught that since Christians believe that Jesus died and rose after He died, you do need to grieve when a Christian dies because God will bring Christians who have died to heaven with Jesus. The Lord made it clear to Paul that Christians who are alive when Jesus returns to Earth will not go to heaven ahead of Christians who have died. Jesus will come down from heaven accompanied by a loud voice and trumpet, and Christians who have died will rise first, then Christians who are alive will join them and meet the Lord in the air. Christians will always be with the Lord.
(glc1) 1 Thessalonians 5:1-11 Jesus’ return will come unexpectedly. Christians must remain alert and sober for Jesus’ return. God planned for Christians to have salvation through our Lord Jesus Christ (glc...through his sacrifice on the cross). Jesus died for Christians so Christians who have died and those who are living will have life with Jesus.
(glc6) 1 Thessalonians 5:12-22 Hold those who preach and teach about Jesu in high regard and acknowledge them. Speak encouraging words to all and look to do what is good for all. God wants Christians to rejoice, pray, and give thanks. Let the Holy Spirit work among you and pay attention to prophecies. Use spiritual discernment and keep faith in what is good.
(glc1) 1 Thessalonians 5:23-28 Paul prayed that God would perfect holiness in the Thessalonians and that they would be blameless, when Jesus returned, in their inner spirit, soul, and body. The God who calls and invites Christians will accomplish this. Pray for those who spread the gospel. (ESV...Have Christian fellowship.) Share spiritual teaching with other Christians.
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(glc6) 2 Thessalonians 1:1-4 Paul was thankful for the Thessalonian Christian men and women because their faith and love for each other were both growing. Paul and his group could confidently report to churches they spoke in about the faithfulness and commitment of the Thessalonians in spite of the persecutions they were enduring.
(glc2) 2 Thessalonians 1:5-12 The Thessalonians were enduring persecution and thus showed that God was helping them be worthy of the kingdom of God (glc...worthy because they remained faithful) God deals justly with all and will give judgment to those who do not have faith in the gospel message and relief to persecuted Christians when Jesus returns with mighty angels. Paul remarked that the Thessalonians believed the gospel message Paul had preached. Jesus will be glorified in His believers when He returns to Earth. Paul and his group prayed for Christians to be made worthy of God calling them (glc… v5 Christians are worthy to enter heaven). They prayed that Christians would be enabled by God to live in a good way and to have actions grounded on faith (ESV...”work inspired by faith”) , so that the name of our Lord Jesus would gain glory through their lives and that they would grow in Jesus according to the unmerited favor from God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.
2 Thessalonians 2:1-8 skip
(glc1) 2 Thessalonians 2:9-12 Satan will deceive those who don’t believe in Jesus and are not saved. All who chose to not believe the truth and chose evil will be condemned by God.
(glc1) 2 Thessalonians 2:13-17 Paul was thankful for the Christian men and women of Thessalonica because God planned to give them salvation by being purified by the Holy Spirit and their faith in the truth. (ESV...Paul is reassuring the Christians) They were brought to salvation through the gospel message so they would obtain the glory of our Lord Jesus Christ. As a consequence of this, Christian men and women should keep firm in their faith and in the teachings brought by Paul and his group, both verbally and by letter. Paul prayed that the Lord Jesus Christ and God our Father, who loved us and by His unmerited favor gave us eternal comfort and a sure hope, would encourage the Thessalonians and build them up in all the good things they do or say.
(glc6) 2 Thessalonians 3:1-5 Paul asked the Thessalonians to pray for Paul and his group that the gospel message would quickly spread in the world and be valued and believed as it was by the Thessalonians. Paul prayed that they would be rescued from the plans of evil people. Not everyone believes in Jesus. The Lord will keep His word and will guard you from Satan. Paul and his group had confidence based on Jesus that the Thessalonians would follow like a command the instruction and teaching they had received. Paul prayed that that the Thessalonians would be guided by God to grow in love of God, and that they would remain faithful to God as Jesus had remained faithful.
(glc6) 2 Thessalonians 3:6-14 Paul warned the Thessalonians to not fellowship with, or be influenced by, any Christian who does not have self control and does not follow the teachings given by Paul and his group. Christians should follow the example of Paul’s group, who paid for their food and worked so they would not be a burden to others. Those who do not work should not eat. (glc...if they are able to work) Paul and his group had reports that some of the Thessalonian Christians were not self controlled, not working, but imposing themselves in the affairs of others. Paul commanded these people and urged them in the Lord Jesus Christ to work in an orderly way and buy their own food. Christian men and women should not give up doing what is right (ESV...be charitable to the deserving). Paul warned the Thessalonians to not be close to those who did not obey Paul’s instruction in this letter so that the person would feel shame. They should warn the person as fellow Christian and not treat them like an enemy.
2 Thessalonians 3:16-18 skip
(glc6) 1 Timothy 1:1-11 Paul was given the position or responsibilities of an ‘apostle’ by God and Christ Jesus, who is our confident hope. Paul is writing instructions to Timothy, who Paul influenced in his faith. Paul wanted Timothy to remain in Ephesus to guide people to not deliver false instruction, to not spend time on fictional stories, to not spend time on genealogies. These discussions only encourage guessing about spiritual truths rather than giving truth about how faith activates God’s redemptive plan. The spiritual teacher should have an unpolluted inner spirit that uses love and honest faith. Some Christians abandoned these principles to spend time on unimportant issues. They seek to teach about what God wants but they lack understanding about spiritual issues. The Old Testament law is designed to correct those who rebel against God, those who habitually sin, those who don’t separate themselves from sin, those who kill parents and others, those who are sexually immoral, those who practice homosexuality, those who are kidnappers, those who lie, and all who have a lifestyle that differs from true spiritual principles. These statements are in line with the gospel message that God gave to Paul to share with people.
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1 TIMOTHY
(glc6) 1 Timothy 1:12-17 Paul was thankful to Christ Jesus our Lord for being considered as one who would be faithful, for being given his ministry, and for being given strength to do the ministry. Paul had spoken against God, persecuted Christians, and was proud in his own mind. But God showed Paul unmerited favor because Paul’s actions came from his lack of understanding and from unbelief. Our Lord’s unmerited favor was not limited and brought faith and love in Christ Jesus to Paul. An early Christian saying was “Christ Jesus came to Earth to save sinners,” and Paul knew he was among the worst of sinners. But God showed unmerited favor to Paul to be an example to those who have faith in Jesus for eternal life and to show the great patience of Christ Jesus. The everlasting, invisible, God, Christ Jesus, deserves honor and glory forever.
(glc6) 1 Timothy 1:18-20 Paul reminded Timothy of his duty, as had been prophesied about him, in order that this reminder would help Timothy do well in ministry. To do well in spreading the gospel you must keep a firm hold of faith in Jesus and keep your inner conscience pure. Those who reject this are in trouble and have a damaged faith. Paul removed spiritual protection from some believers who spoke and taught contrary to God’s principles.
(glc1 glc6) 1 Timothy 2:1-8 Pray for all people. Pray for political leaders so that we might live in peace with godliness. God our Savior (glc...Jesus) welcomes your prayers because He wants all people to be saved and have full understanding of the truth (glc...of the gospel message). There is only one God and Christ Jesus is the only one who brings God and people into a right connection with each other. Christ Jesus became human and willingly became the payment for all people’s sins. Christ Jesus revealed God’s plan for forgiveness of sin at the time God chose. Paul was put into his position of preacher, apostle, and teacher to the Gentiles to teach them faith and truth.
1 Timothy 2:9-15 skip
(glc6) 1 Timothy 3:1-15 It is good to seek the position of overseeing the affairs of churches. Those in this position must have good character: a good reputation, faithful to their spouse, self-controlled, friendly, able to teach, not addicted, not seeking riches, having an orderly and well managed family, not a new Christian, having a good reputation with non-Christians. Those who would manage the affairs of the local church should have the same character as overseers and have a firm faith in the basics of Christianity. The spouse of a Christian leader must have good character, be level-headed, and be trustworthy.
ESV...perhaps Paul did not intend deacons to teach)
(glc1) 1 Timothy 3:16 Faith in the revealed mystery plan of God (glc...gospel message) produces godliness. Jesus took on a human body, was verified by the Holy Spirit, was ministered to by angels, has been preached about and believed on across the world, and was transferred to heaven (glc..after his death on the cross).
(glc1 glc6) 1Timothy 4:1-16 Those who help Christians grow spiritually should teach them to guard themselves from being deceived spiritually and to reject human developed rules for living that have no spiritual value. Have spiritual growth based on the truths of Christianity and good spiritual teachings. Reject myths and stories not based on faith or facts. Develop your spiritual character. We have a confident hope in a God who is alive and is the savior especially for those who believe. (v10 ESV...Christ died for all people but only those who believe are saved; or, Christ is offered for all people though not all receive him; or, savior of all who believe...or savior of all kinds of people)
Those who preach the gospel must be a good example - showing forth faith, love, and purity - for Christians in how they talk, and how they live. They should publicly read scripture, and preach and teach. They should use their spiritual gifts. They should be dedicated to these principles and let others see their spiritual growth. They should examine their own lives carefully and not deviate from these principles so they will keep their salvation and will help others be saved (glc...by Jesus).
(glc6) 1 Timothy 5:1-16 Those who help Christians develop should treat the young, old, men, and women, with respect. Take proper care of widows who are older, who have a good reputation, and who don’t have a family to help them.
(glc6) 1 Timothy 5:17-21 Leaders who manage the local church should be honored (glc...and compensated), especially those who preach and teach. Don’t rebuke an elder if only one person accuses them. Publicly rebuke an elder, who is sinning, as an example for other Christians. Do not show favoritism to anyone. Don’t pass out spiritual affirmation too quickly. Don’t be led into sin by others. Keep yourself pure. Guard your health. Sins and good deeds will eventually be revealed.
(glc6) 1 Timothy 6:1-2 Christians who have a supervisor should show respect even if the supervisor is not a Christian. Have a behavior that does not dishonor God and the gospel message.
(glc6) 1 Timothy 6:3-10 Those who teach things that are not in line with our Lord Jesus Christ’s instruction and the godly teachings (glc...of faithful followers of Jesus) think too much of themselves and don’t have true spiritual understanding. These people tend to focus on debatable issues instead of the main truths of the gospel message and have arguments about meanings of words that stir up discord and divisions. They think that spiritual activities will bring them financial rewards. Being content with spiritual activities is an advantage in your life. Be satisfied with the basic needs of life. Don’t focus on gathering material wealth as it will lead you into sin and a bad outcome. It can even lead you away from faith in Jesus.
(glc6) 1 Timothy 6:11-21 Make the decision to turn away from worldly ways of living. Be active in making faith in Jesus effective in your life and make your position of having eternal life with God secure. Keep living the good Christian life until the Lord Jesus Christ returns at the time God has appointed. God, the only true authority, is worthy of honor and glory forever. Teach those who have abundant material possessions to trust God more than their riches. Tell them to have abundant good deeds and to share with others. This attitude will help them prepare for eternal life, that is much, much, better than the present life on Earth. Those who spread the gospel message must protect the spiritual truths given to them. They must reject ungodly ideas generated by people or they may lose faith in Jesus.
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2 TIMOTHY
(glc1 glc6) 2 Timothy 1:1-14 It was God’s decision that Paul would be an apostle (glc...special messenger) of Christ Jesus. Paul’s appointment was in line with the provision of eternal life provided by Christ Jesus (glc...through his sacrifice on the cross for our sins). Paul considered Timothy to be his spiritual son. Paul prayed constantly for Timothy. There was sadness when Timothy and Paul parted. Paul remembered, with confidence, Timothy’s true faith, which first came to Timothy’s grandmother, Lois, and Timothy’s mother, Eunice. Paul encouraged Timothy to let his spiritual gift grow. The Holy Spirit gives Christians power, love, and self-discipline. Paul encouraged Timothy to be bold in his Christianity and to not be embarrassed or shy in proclaiming the gospel message. Timothy should not be ashamed to admit he is a companion of the prisoner, Paul. Paul called on Timothy to let God help him endure suffering because of his association with the gospel message. It is through God’s decision and unmerited favor, and not our actions, that Christians are saved and directed to live a life separated from worldly ways. God made the decision to favor people with salvation through Christ Jesus before the universe was created. God’s plan was revealed when Christ Jesus came to Earth, destroyed death, and provided eternal life as explained by the gospel message. Paul was assigned to proclaim the gospel message and to be an apostle and teacher. Paul’s gospel ministry led to Paul suffering at the hands of people. Paul felt no shame in his lowly human position because he was fully confident in Christ Jesus and knew that Christ Jesus would guard his spiritual life. Paul encouraged Timothy to teach others what he learned from Paul, using his faith and love in Christ Jesus. Paul charged Timothy to let the Holy Spirit, in him, help Timothy keep his faith and belief secure.
(glc6) 2 Timothy 1:15-18 Paul reminded Timothy that people in Asia (glc...western Turkey where Paul had ministered) had left Paul in chains in Rome. But, Onesiphorus, had stayed loyal, actively searched for Paul in Rome, and was willing to associate with, and help, the prisoner Paul. Paul expected that Onesiphorus would have God’s favofr and mercy when God judged the Earth.
(glc1 glc6) 2 Timothy 2:1-7 Paul encouraged Timothy to remain empowered by the unmerited favor found in Christ Jesus. Timothy was to pass on the teachings given by Paul to faithful people who would teach these principles to others. (glc...and so continue the spread of the gospel message into future years) Paul asked Timothy to willingly endure suffering as he ministered for Christ Jesus. Paul taught that those who serve Jesus keep focused on pleasing Jesus and live as Jesus wants them to live. Then, they will get a reward.
(glc1) 2 Timothy 2:8-13 Paul preached the gospel message that Jesus Christ came to Earth, joined the Jewish lineage, and was raised from the dead. Paul’s preaching led to him being in prison and restricted in his movements. But the gospel message is not restricted from spreading. Paul persevered in ministry to help people hear the gospel message, come to faith in Christ Jesus and have salvation that leads to eternal life. Those who join in faith with Christ will live with Him. Those who keep the faith and persevere will join Jesus in heaven. (ESV...confidence in God keeps Paul from being ashamed) Those who reject Jesus will be rejected by Him. Jesus true nature is to be faithful beyond the faithfulness of people.
(glc6) 2 Timothy 2:14-26 Paul directed Timothy to continue teaching these principles to people. People should not argue about insignificant words (glc….the principles are important) as this distracts and hurts those who pay attention to those arguments. The person who teaches spiritual truths should do their best to be worthy in their teaching and honestly and truthfully proclaim the gospel message. Avoid worthless discussions as they lead people away from God. These discussions become popular rapidly. Some even teach that the final resurrection of people has already occurred and this causes some to give up their faith in Jesus. But, God’s truth is secure and God knows those who are dedicated to God. All who say they are followers of Jesus must decide to not pursue wickedness. Those who seek to be their best, and do their best, for God will be useful for the good work God wants them to do. Turn away from the ungodly desires you had before you became mature and seek after righteousness, faith, love, and peace. Join in having these characteristics along with those who have true faith in the Lord. Avoid meaningless arguments that only produce quarrels. Those who serve the Lord must be kind to all, able to teach, and not disturbed when they feel slighted. Gently correct those who oppose the gospel message to make it more possible for God to bring them to repentance and understanding of the truth so they will think clearly and escape from Satan, who is influencing them to do his will.
2 Timothy 3:1-9 skip
2 Timothy 3:10-17 Paul reminded Timothy that he should think about Paul’s teachings, lifestyle, ministry purpose, faith, love, perseverance, persecutions, and how the Lord had helped him survive. The people of the world will persecute those who seek to live a godly life in Christ Jesus. Those opposed to God will grow in their deception and in being deceived themselves. Paul encouraged Timothy to be different, to remain faithful, and to remember the good examples set by those who taught Timothy spiritual truths. Paul reminded Timothy that he had been exposed to scripture since he was a young child. Scripture has the power to bring spiritual understanding and can lead you to be saved through your faith in Christ Jesus. The whole Bible is inspired by God and should be used for teaching, confronting wrong ideas and behavior, and causing growth in righteousness. This will prepare those who serve God to do good ministry.
(glc1 glc6) 2 Timothy 4:1-8 Christ Jesus will judge those who have died and those that are still living when He returns. Paul assigned a ministry to Timothy, that he would preach the gospel message and be prepared at all times to give correction, patient advice, and instruction to people. Paul knew there would be times when people would reject truthful instruction and just do what they wanted to do. They will even recruit teachers who will just tell them what they want to hear; myths instead of the truth. Timothy was to use self-control, persevere, preach the gospel message to new hearers, and fulfill his ministry. Paul knew he was close to the end of his life. He also evaluated his life and knew he had served God well and had kept his faith secure. Paul looked forward to being judged as acceptable to God in heaven, along with all who have a firm faith in Jesus return.
2 Timothy 4:9-20 Paul asked Timothy to come to him soon to help him. Paul warned Timothy about the opposition of Alexander. Many had left Paul at his first trial. But Paul knew that the Lord stood with him and strengthened him to proclaim the gospel message. Paul had been delivered from being sent to the lions. Paul was confident that the Lord would deliver him from evil and take him into heaven. Paul sent greetings to other Christians and sent reports on the locations of other Christian workers.
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TITUS
(glc6) Titus 1:1-4 Paul considered himself to be totally dedicated to God and an apostle (glc...appointed messenger) for Jesus Christ. Paul’s mission was to help people grow in faith (glc...to Jesus) and increase their understanding of the truth (glc...gospel message) that results in them living a life of obeying and honoring God. Paul also wanted people to become more confident in their hope of eternal life, which was promised by our truth-filled God before the universe was created. God has selected this time to make his promise clear through the preaching Paul was commanded to do by God our Savior (glc...Jesus). Paul wrote to Titus, Paul’s spiritual son who shared Paul’s faith. Paul extended a greeting that Titus would have unmerited favor and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Savior.
(glc6) Titus 1:5-16 Paul left Titus in Crete to finish organizing local churches in Crete and appoint elders to manage to local churches in every town. Paul listed required characteristics for elders assigned to do God’s work: blameless, husband of one wife, well-behaved children, not prideful, peaceful temperament, not addicted to alcohol, not focused on getting rich. Rather, an elder should be welcoming, and friendly, focused on doing good, having common sense, dedicated to God, self-controlled, keeping a firm hold on the gospel message taught by Paul and others. He must be able to build others up in their faith with good teaching and give correction to those who oppose good teaching. Paul warned Titus that many people want to go their own way and deceive people, especially those with a Jewish background. Titus was instructed to not let deceivers proclaim their message bte false teachers and bring their thinking back to a godly faith. The goal was to turn those false teachers away from Jewish myths and the teaching of those who reject the truth (glc...that Paul had preached). Those who seek to be pure will focus on pure things. Those who are corrupt and don’t believe (glc...in Jesus) will think about and associate with unpure things. They will say they are with God but their actions will show they are rejecting God because that is their true nature.
(glc6) Titus 2:1-10 Paul encouraged Titus to have a good lifestyle that matched godly teaching. Titus was instructed to guide older men to practice moderation, show restraint, be respectable, be self-controlled, be upstanding in faith, and love, and to persevere. Older women should have godly behavior, not slander others, not drink alcohol in excess, teach others what is good. The older women should guide the younger women to love their husbands and children, to be self-controlled and pure, take proper care of their homes, thoughtful of others, not opposing their husbands. Paul did not want the behavior of Christians to give Christianity a bad reputation. Titus was to instruct the younger men to be self-controlled. Titus was to set a good example to others by his good actions in all situations. Titus was to teach others with integrity, have a proper presentation, and give a well thought-out message that no one could criticize because there is nothing bad or evil to comment on. Those who are supervised by others should follow their orders and not be disrespectful. They should not steal even minor things, but should be dependable in everything, that they may give a good reputation to the teaching of God our Savior.
(glc1 glc6) Titus 2:11-15 God’s unmerited favor has come into the world (glc...Jesus and his ministry), providing a way for anyone to be acceptable to God (glc...by believing Jesus is the Son of God and accepting His sacrifice for your sins). God’s unmerited favor and plan guides us to reject a lifestyle and worldly ways of thinking that do not align with God’s character. God’s unmerited favor and plan guides us to be self-controlled, and to have a lifestyle in the world that aligns with God’s character. We should wait patiently for the wonderful completion of our certain hope when our great God and Savior, Jesus Christ, appears. Jesus Christ willingly gave His life to release us from the control of sin and to forgive us of our sins so we can be truly His people and gladly do good activities on Earth. Titus was to speak these things to the Christians with full authority. Titus was to recognize his spiritual position and not let others belittle him.
(glc1) Titus 3:1-7 Paul wanted Titus to teach the people to obey those in authority and to be prepared to do good. Titus was to teach them to not speak badly about others. They were to seek peaceful relations with others and be respectful. Paul reminded Titus that he and Titus used to have bad behavior and were addicted to human passions and desires, wasting their lives with ungodly thoughts and actions. But when God our Savior (glc...Jesus) came to Earth, he saved people based on his mercy, no t because they earned salvation by trying to do good works. Christians are saved by having a new birth (glc...putting faith in Jesus and thereby getting a new relationship with God) and being renewed by the Holy Spirit, whom we have received abundantly from Jesus Christ our Savior. Christians have obtained forgiveness and a right relationship with God by Jesus’ unmerited favor, and have become heirs who have a confident expectation of eternal life with God.
(glc6) Titus 3:8-10 Paul wanted Titus to confidently deliver this teaching to others, so that those who make the decision to have faith in God will be motivated to do good works. These teachings will benefit all people. Titus was to disassociate from argumentative people after warning them twice. These people are led away by sin and are aware of it.
(glc6) Titus 3:12-15 Paul wanted Titus to join him for the winter. Titus was to help Zenas and Apollos as they traveled. Helping those who minister is a good work and a good activity for Christians. Those with Paul sent their greetings and Paul sent greetings to the Christians who were with Titus. Paul prayed that God’s unmerited favor would be with all of them.
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PHILEMON
(glc6) Philemon 1:1-7 Paul and Timothy wrote to Philemon, who helped spread the gospel message, and to their sister in Christ, Apphia, and to Archippus, who helped in spreading the gospel, and to the Christians who met in Philemon’s house. Paul prayed for God’s unmerited favor and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ to be with them. Paul prayed for Philemon and was thankful for his faith in Lord Jesus and his love for Christians. Paul prayed that Philemon’s faith would help him better understand all the blessings that a Christian has in Christ. Paul rejoiced and was encouraged by Philemon’s love. Philemon’s love had also uplifted the spirits of other Christians.
(glc6) Philemon 1:8-22 Paul did not overuse his spiritual position and authority to command Philemon to make certain decisions or take actions that Paul wanted. Paul reminded Philemon that he was old and a prisoner because of Paul’s ministry for Christ Jesus. Paul asked Philemon to be motivated by love as Philemon considered the case of Onesimus, whom Paul had led to faith in Jesus while Paul was a prisoner. Onesimus had run away from being a slave to Philemon. Now, Onesimus had a close connection to Paul and was helping Paul in prison in ways that Philemon could not. Paul did not want to keep Onesimus with him without Philemon’s permission and wanted Philemon to take good actions freely, not feeling forced by Paul. Paul speculated that the overall purpose for Onesimus leaving Philemon was that Philemon would now have On esimus back, not just as a slave, but also as a fellow Christian. Paul had this evaluation of his situation with Onesimus and trusted this would be even more true for Philemon. Paul wanted Philemon to accept Onesimus just as Philemon would accept Paul. Paul promised to make financial restitution to Philemon, but reminded Philemon that Philemon owed Paul a debt for how Paul had influenced Philemon’s life. Paul asked that Philemon would lift Paul’s spirits by having a good relationship with Onesimus. Paul had high expectations and confidence Philemon would do what Paul was asking. Paul had hope that Paul would be released and visit Philemon through Philemon’s prayers.
(glc6) Philemon 1:23-25 Paul sent greetings from Epaphras, who was also a prisoner because of ministry for Christ Jesus. Others who helped Paul spread the gospel message also sent greetings to Philemon. Paul prayed for the unmerited favor of the Lord Jesus Christ would be with Philemon’s inner spirit.
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gospel and good news ... in other New Testament books
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HEBREWS
(glc1) Hebrews 1:1-4 In the Old Testament times, God delivered messages to the Jewish people through prophets. But after Jesus came to Earth God spoke people by His Son, who was given the position of heir of all things, and through whom the world was created. The Son is the full expression of God’s glory, shows us God’s true nature, and keeps creation in order by His powerful word. When Jesus completed his sacrifice for sins of people He took His place beside God the Father in heaven. Jesus is much superior to all the angels and His name is much superior to theirs.
(glc1) Hebrews 1:5-14 God the Father never told an angel they had a sonship relation to Him. God the Father does have this relationship with Jesus. God the Father says that it is proper that angels worship Jesus. (glc...note that this indicates Jesus is God, only God is to be worshiped.) The angels are spectacular but Jesus has a throne forever, rules a kingdom, and is especially celebrated in heaven. God will outlast the physical universe, will not change, and will not die out. God the Father told Jesus to be beside Him while His enemies were defeated. The angels minister to Christians.
(glc1 glc6) Hebrews 2:1-4 Because Jesus is God we must treat with importance the gospel message, so that we hold it as important and don’t let it’s importance for us fade away. Those who disobeyed the messages spoken by angels in Old Testament times were disciplined. People won’t escape discipline if they have a low regard for the salvation Jesus has provided. Jesus spoke this gospel message and those who heard it spoke it to to others. God verified their testimony with signs, wonders, miracles, and gifts of the Holy Spirit as he chose.
(glc1) Hebrews 2:5-18 Angels do not have control of the universe. It is amazing that God has time for humans. Jesus left heaven for a time but then was glorified. (ESV... Psalm 8:4-6 is fulfilled in Jesus) Nothing is beyond Jesus’ control. We don’t presently see Jesus’ control but we recognize that Jesus received glory and honor because he willingly accepted death so that by God’s design and favor He would take on(glc...spiritual) death in place of everyone (glc...who has faith in Him). All things were created by God and serve God’s purposes so it was proper for God to perfect, through suffering, the one who opened the door to salvation for the many who would take their place in heaven. Jesus makes people holy (glc...by his sacrifice) and shares in their humanity so He can call people brothers and sisters. (glc...Christians are in God’s family) (ESV...Jesus calls Christians to worship) Jesus has full confidence in God the Father and has a family given to Him by God. Jesus had a human body on Earth. This was necessary so His human death would lead to destroy Satan’s power of death and free people from fear of death that ruled their lives. God’s concern was for humans, so Jesus had to become human in order to fulfill the office of a merciful and faithful high priest to God and make payment for the sins of people. Jesus suffered when he was tempted so He is able to give help to people who are tempted.
(glc1) Hebrews 3:1-6 Christian men and women are holy (glc...set apart for God) and take part in being called to heaven. Christians should look carefully at Jesus, the messenger of God and high priest for us, whom we have faith in. Jesus is fully faithful to God the Father who appointed Him, similar to the faithfulness of Moses. But Jesus deserves greater praise and glory than Moses because of Jesus’ position. God builds all things. Moses served faithfully for God as a servant of God and spoke about God’s future actions. But Christ is faithful as a Son in God’s house. We are in God’s family if we keep a solid confidence and view the hope we boast about as certain.
(glc1) Hebrews 3:7-19 The Holy spirit inspired the Old Testament passage of Psalm 95:7-11 that counseled Israel to not go their own way and not to doubt God, as they did during the Exodus travels from Egypt to the promised land. The generation that left Egypt (except for Joshua and Caleb) did not enjoy the future God wanted for them in the promised land. Christian men and women should examine themselves to make sure they do not let an unbelieving heart turn them away from the living God. Build fellow Christians up and counsel them while there is still time to not be misled and deceived by sin. Christians are joined with Christ if they have the same, firm, faith in Jesus from the start of their Christian life until their earthly death. Psalm 95:7,8 counsels us to listen to God and not go our own way. Look at the example of Israel in the exodus. People heard God’s message and were led by Moses but still went their own way. People sinned and were judged by God to die in the wilderness. Those who disobeyed and did not believe fully in God did not reach the promised land and enjoy God’s favor.
(glc1) Hebrews 4:1-13 Those who are alive still have the opportunity to put their faith in Jesus’ sacrifice and thus be qualified to enter God’s rest (glc...’God’s rest’ was used in the Old Testament to describe a) God ending the creative activity described in the beginning of Genesis, and b) God’s acceptance of people who left Egypt under the direction of Moses. In the book of Hebrews the term ‘God’s rest’ seems to describe the situation where people have faith in Jesus’ sacrifice on the cross for sin and no longer strive to be good enough through their own efforts to enter heaven.) . Be careful that you are not putting your faith in Jesus. The gospel message has been preached to us and God’s invitation was preached to the people of Israel while they traveled out of Egypt. But the Israelites traveling out of Egypt heard God’s invitation but some did not put their faith in God’s invitation so they did not receive any benefit from just hearing the message. Those who believe enter God’s rest (glc...are accepted by God). God’s works in creation were accomplished at the formation of the world. Then God stopped this work and now invites people to rest from their work also. Some people will join with God if they don’t disobey the message. God’s invitation is still open to people before Jesus returns. God wants people to respond to the gospel message and not close their minds to His call. Joshua led Israel into the promised land but then Israel strayed from God, and did not fully fulfill God’s rest, so God continued to speak to Israel about entering God’s rest (glc...inviting them to trust God for their spiritual restoration). The person who trusts in God does not rely on his human efforts to get close to God. Entering God’s rest requires a conscious effort and decision so you don’t fall into disobedience to God and are rejected by God. Scripture is alive, active, and reveals the inner state of people (glc...as they compare their beliefs to scripture). Scripture shows the inner thoughts and desires of people. No one can hide from God. God is aware of all things and will expect a report about our inner thoughts and desires.
(glc1) Hebrews 4:14-16 Jesus, the Son of God, is a great high priest in heaven so we should keep a firm grip on our faith in Jesus. There may be some high priests who cannot identify with human weaknesses, but Jesus faced temptations in all the ways that people are tempted and did not sin. Christians (glc...I use the term ‘Christian’ to describe someone who believes Jesus is the Son of God, believes Jesus was the sacrifice acceptable to God to atone for our sin, and asks Jesus to forgive their sins.) can thus approach God the Father, and Jesus beside Him, with confidence and receive God’s unmerited favor when we need help (ESV...help for those who need forgiveness, and strength in temptation).
(glc1) Hebrews 5:1-10 Human high priests of Judaism represent people to God and offer prescribed sacrifices to God for sins of the people. The human high priest sympathizes with people because, as a human, he also faces temptations. The human high priest must offer sacrifices for his sins as well as for the people’s sins. Human high priests don’t promote themselves to this office but are guided to it by God. Christ did not promote himself to the office of high priest but was appointed to it, and glorified in it, by God the Father, who caused Psalm 89:26,27 to be written: “You are my Son! Today I have fathered you.” (glc...This tells us Jesus has a special relationship to God the Father, but does not say that Jesus was created.) Jesus’ priesthood is different than the human priesthood of Judaism. Jesus has the office of high priest forever. While Christ was on Earth He earnestly prayed to God the Father, who could save Him from final death, and God the Father listened because of Jesus’ faithfulness and reverence. Jesus connection to God the Father did not remove Him from experiencing suffering and learning the cost humans experience for obeying God. Jesus passed the tests and was found to be sinless so his sacrifice on the cross provides eternal salvation for those who have full faith in Him. Jesus is appointed by God the Father to be an eternal high priest in heaven.
(glc6) Hebrews 5:11-14 The author of Hebrews wanted to give more instructions on difficult spiritual topics to the readers, but the readers were known to have lost interest in the teachings. The readers should have been teaching others but they have lost connection with the foundational truths of the gospel and need to be retaught. They can only take in simple teachings, not complicated teachings. People who are satisfied with only taking in simple teachings don’t mature in their spiritual thinking. More advanced spiritual teachings are beneficial for those who keep active in spiritual thinking and discussions and have developed spiritual discernment.
(glc6) Hebrews 6:1-12 Christians should become spiritually mature and not just remain at the spiritual understanding they had when they put their faith in Christ. Christians should not just focus only on repenting from their attempts to earn salvation and putting their faith in God. Christians should not just focus only on religious rituals, initial consecration and dedication to God, teachings about being resurrected, and teachings about eternal judgment. The author of Hebrews seeks to move the readers on their Christian maturity with God’s help. Those who have received the gospel message, truly believed it, received the Holy Spirit, took in the word of God, saw miracles, and then have willfully rejected God and Jesus will not repent and be accepted by God because they are counting Jesus’ crucifixion as worthless and of no effect. Those who take in spiritual nutrition and refreshing and then produce good fruit (glc...evidence of a good spiritual outcome) are blessed by God. But those who take in spiritual nutrition and refreshing and then produce worthless and harmful fruit (glc...continued sin) will be judged and disciplined. The author of Hebrews had confidence that the readers were in the first group and would be saved. God sees the good fruit people produce in their service to God and their love shown towards God as they help other Christians. The author and other Christian leaders very much want the people to have religious enthusiasm and dedication as the people look forward to the completion of their salvation when they die.
(glc1) Hebrews 6:13-20 God promised Abraham that God would bless Abraham and give him many descendants. (glc...this reminds me that those who have faith in Jesus become descendants of Abraham...Galatians 3:7) Abraham stayed faithful to God and received God’s promise. God wanted to clearly demonstrate to Abraham’s heirs that His plans will not be changed so He made a verbal promise. Those who look to God for protection and guidance find strong encouragement to continue in their faith and certain hope of their future because God made a promise and it is impossible for God to lie. This certain hope makes our soul secure and extends to where Jesus is in heaven. Jesus prepared the way for us to heaven (glc...by his sacrifice for sins on the cross) and he serves forever as a priest in heaven.
Hebrews 7:1-10 Melchizedek met Abraham after Abraham had defeated the four kings that sought to control the region east of the promised land. Some view Melchizedek as an appearance by Jesus before His birth in Bethlehem. He was greater than Abraham.
(glc1) Hebrews 7:11-28 People could not become fully forgiven and acceptable to God through the Jewish religious system. Our Lord Christ Jesus had a human descent that traces back to Judah. The tribe of Judah in the Old Testament is not associated with priests. The Old Testament religious system did not bring the forgiveness of sins and acceptance by God that the better hope provided by Jesus’ sacrifice on the cross brought. Jesus provides the better guarantee, and better covenant, of a right relationship with God than the Old Testament religious system. Faith in Jesus’ sacrifice allows us to draw near to God and be accepted. Human priests die and not longer serve as priests. Jesus lives forever and is a permanent priest. Jesus intercedes with God for those who have faith in Jesus and thus saves them from the ultimate consequence of sin. Jesus, the high priest for those who have faith in Him, is holy and separated from sins of the world, is undefiled, and glorified above creation. Jesus’ sacrifice on the cross was a completion and final sacrifice of restoring relationship with God. It is an infinitely better sacrifice than the imperfect and sinful human priests can offer to God. God’s plan and promise appointed the perfect Jesus as priest forever.
(glc1) Hebrews 8:1-13 Christians have a high priest (glc...Jesus) who is beside God in heaven and who ministers in the heavenly tabernacle created by God, not man. Human high priests make offerings prescribed by the Old Testament law in a place that is a picture of the heavenly tabernacle. Jesus was appointed to a superior high priest ministry than that of a human high priest, and is the mediator of a better covenant, that has a better foundation and promises, between God and people than the Old Testament covenants. In Jeremiah 31:31-34 we learn that God promised a new covenant to Israel. The people of Israel had not valued, and had not kept faith with, the old covenant. For the new covenant, God promised to put His laws on peoples minds and hearts. God promised to be their God and that the people (glc...who believed) would be His people. God promised that there would be a time when He would not remember our sins. (glc...this time is when a person accepts Jesus’ sacrifice for their sins). The new covenant supersedes the old covenant.
(glc1) Hebrews 9:1-10 The old covenant prescribed how and where worship would take place. Worship took place in a tent that had a lampstand, a table, and the presentation bread in the ‘Holy Place’. A curtain separated the ‘Holy Place’ from the ‘Holy of Holies.’ In the inner area there was a golden altar for burning incense and the ark of the covenant that contained Aaron’s rod that budded and the stone tablets of the 10 Commandments. Above the ark and mercy seat were two cherubim of gold. The human priests did their tasks in the outer area throughout the year. Only once a year the high priest entered the ‘Holy of Holies’ to offer blood for his sins and the sins of the people. In the old covenant system, the people could not enter into the holy places of worship. In the old covenant system the gifts and sacrifices to God did not perfect the conscience of the worshiper. The old covenant system were external rituals that were used until the new covenant came.
(glc1) Hebrews 9:11-28 Christ Jesus is now the high priest of the new covenant. He came to the heavenly, God-made, tabernacle not based on an offering of the blood of an animal, but based on the offering of His own blood, and has brought about eternal redemption and forgiveness of sin. The blood of animals and ashes of the burnt offering used in the earthly worship gave a (glc...temporary, needed to be repeated) ritual cleansing, But the blood of Christ, who by the Holy Spirit offered Himself in purity to God, purifies our inner person from ungodly and ineffective works so we can truly worship the living God. Christ brings people (glc...those who have faith in Jesus’ sacrifice) to an eternal relationship with God for Christ died to set people free from sins they committed under the old covenant. The old testament system showed people, with the blood involved in the ceremonies, that death was involved in bringing ritual forgiveness. The true things in heaven required a better sacrifice than an animal sacrifice. Christ entered the true sanctuary, not an earthly copy, and is at God’s side for our benefit. Christ did not have to repeat his sacrifice every year, as was done for the old covenant, but rather, only one time, so He does not suffer repeatedly. He has completed his mission and has put away sin (glc...for those who believe in Jesus) by his sacrifice on the cross. Humans die once (glc...no reincarnation) and then face judgment (glc...by God). Christ was offered once to take on the sins of people, and to those who have faith and await His return He will appear again, not on the cross again, but to bring salvation (glc...to those who have faith in Christ).
(glc1) Hebrews 10:1-18 The Old Testament religious system hinted at God’s plan for the future restoration of relationship between God and humans. It has repeated sacrifices, year after year, and is totally unable to make humans spiritually acceptable to God as they come to worship God. If the Old Testament sacrificial system could make people acceptable to God then those sacrifices would have stopped since they would have accomplished the goal of purifying people once for all and removing them from sin. The yearly sacrifices reminded people of their sins. Animal sacrifices don’t take away sin from people. Psalm 40:6-8 tells us that (ESV...”God desired faithful hearts and lives more than mere performance of sacrificial rituals Hosea 6:6). But Jesus came to Earth to do God’s will, take away the Old Testament system, and install a new system by being the sacrifice that pays for sin. Through God’s decision and plan Christians have been made holy and acceptable to God through Jesus’s one-time sacrifice on the cross. Human priests continually offer sacrifices but those can never take away sins. Jesus, our high priest, offered one sacrifice, himself, and now is beside God in heaven where He is waiting for all of God’s enemies to be defeated (glc...read the book of Revelation). Jesus’ single offering has brought perfection (glc...forgiveness for sin and acceptable standing before God) to all who are made holy (glc...by their faith in Jesus’ sacrifice). The Holy Spirit testifies to this in Jeremiah chapter 31:33 “...I will put my laws on their hearts and I will inscribe them on their minds.” and Jeremiah 31:34 “Their sins and their lawless deeds I will remember no more.” When sins have been forgiven there is no need for repeated offerings for sin.
(glc1 glc6) Hebrews 10:19-25 Christian men and women should think of this truth that gives them confidence to spiritually enter the heavenly sanctuary because of the blood sacrifice of Jesus. This is a new and active way to reach God that Jesus’ sacrifice opened up for us. Since Christians have this great priest in the house of God they can come to God with a faithful intent and have assurance brought about by faith that our inner person has been cleansed from an evil conscience and our bodies have been washed (glc...a reference to baptism). Christians are encouraged to keep a firm grip on the trustworthy hope that they have believed (glc... that Jesus’ sacrifice provides forgiveness for their individual sin). God’s promised all this and God is trustworthy. Christians should think how they can encourage each other about how to show love and how to do worthy actions for God. Christians should not give up meeting together even if they see some Christians stop meeting with other Christians. Christians should be motivated to encourage other Christians as the time of going to heaven draws nearer.
(glc1) Hebrews 10:26-31 Those who make it their practice to continually decide to sin and not repent after they have received the gospel message cannot be forgiven by another sacrifice (glc...only the sacrifice of Jesus gives forgiveness of sin). Their future is the terrible expectation of God’s judgment and punishment. Those who rejected the Old Testament law of Moses was killed based on the testimony of two witnesses. There is greater punishment for those who reject and despise the Son of God, who don’t believe in, and dishonor, the blood of the covenant that had made them holy, who turn away from the Holy Spirit of God’s unmerited favor. God told Israel in Deuteronomy 32:35-36 that He will punish and judge. It is terrible to think about being guilty of this and accordingly being dealt with by the living God.
(glc1) Hebrews 10:32-39 The readers were told to think about the past when they were persecuted after receiving the gospel message. Sometimes they suffered personally and sometimes they associated with those who were persecuted. The readers had shared with the sufferings of those in prison, and the readers had put up with the removal of their possessions because they were confident of their heavenly, eternal, possession. Christians should keep hold of their spiritual confidence as it will bring a good result. Christians need endurance to carry out God’s will and thus receive God’s promises. Habakkuk 2:3,4 tells us that God will arrive in the future, but God’s people should let a strong faith guide them. God is displeased by those who pull back in fear. The author was confident that the readers would keep their faith in Jesus and preserve their future with God, and would not shrink back and pull back from God to be destroyed.
Hebrews 11 Chapter on Faith 11:1-5 skip
(glc1) Hebrews 11:6 You must have faith (glc...in God, in Jesus) to please God. You must believe that God is real and that God does good for those who seek Him (glc...in faith).
Hebrews 11:7-15 examples of people who had faith skip
(glc1) Hebrews 11:16 The people who had faith were not satisfied with the earthly life they had. They anticipated a heavenly life with God. God is pleased to have a relationship with these people and has prepared a heavenly abode for them.
Hebrews 11:17-25 more examples of people who had faith skip
(glc1) Hebrews 11:26 Moses decided that the heavenly reward for keeping faith with God was worth much more than the wealth of Egypt.
Hebrews 11:27-34 more examples of people who had faith skip
(glc1) Hebrews 11:35 Some were tortured as they remained faithful to God and looked for a resurrection to be with God.
Hebrews 11:36-38 more examples of people who had faith skip
(glc1) Hebrews 11:39-40 The faithful were commended for their faith but they did not receive all that God had promised. God’s decision was to later have a better plan for us (ESV...”new covenant realities with the superior Son of God...eternal perfection of the faithful”), so we and the Old Testament people approved by God for their faith would all have (ESV...”deathless resurrection bodies”).
(glc1 glc6) Hebrews 12:1-13 Remember the godly lives of faithful people and put aside sin that tries to be an influence in your life. Always keep striving to live the Christian life God wants you to have. Keep focused on Jesus, who opened the way to God and whose sacrifice makes our faith effective. Jesus looked to the future of being restored in heaven as he endured the suffering and death on the cross. Jesus did not let the shame of being on the cross affect his decision and now Jesus is restored to God the Father in heaven. Remember how Jesus allowed persecution by sinful people so you do not give up in your spiritual battles on earth. The readers had not done as much as Jesus, they had not died in their fight against sin. Proverbs 3:11,12 tells us that we should not rebel when God disciplines us to correct us, because God disciplines those he loves and accepts. Don’t try to escape God’s discipline (ESV...the tests are for y our benefit, prove being in the family, require a response of perseverence). God is correcting you because you are in God’s family so submit to God and receive life and a share of His holiness. During the discipline we experience pain but when discipline is accepted it results in peace and righteousness. Build up your character and make good decisions for your lifestyle so your character is not injured.
(glc1 glc2) Hebrews 12:14-29 Try to live at peace with everyone and separate yourself from the sin in the world so you because this is expected of Christians. Be alert and help others to not reject God’s unmerited favor, and don’t let anyone influence Christians with ungodly ideas and actions. Guide others away from immorality and rejection of God. Their decision to reject God has lifetime, and eternal, consequences. Christians have had a spiritual experience that is better than the experiences Israel had after they left Egypt. Christians should be in awe of the spiritual realities: the heavenly city with its angels, the congregation of those who have accepted Jesus, and especially to God the father, our judge, and to Jesus, who established the new covenant by the shedding of His sacrifice that carries a message that is better than the message of sin that was carried by blood shed when Abel died. Don’t refuse God’s message. Israelites died when they refused to obey an earthly warning. It is much more serious to refuse to obey God’s message from heaven (glc...the message spoken by Jesus through His life and through His obedient sacrifice for sins on the cross). A time is coming when God will remove the physical universe and the spiritual, eternal, universe will remain. Christians will be a part of that spiritual, eternal, kingdom. Christians should be thankful and worship God with dedication and reverent awe, for that pleases God. Remember that God should be respected (Deuteronomy 4:24).
Heb 13:1-6 skip
(glc6) Heb 13:7-19 Remember those who taught the gospel message to you and have a lifestyle like theirs and a faith in Jesus like theirs. Jesus Christ is the same today as He was before the New Testament was written and when the New Testament was written. He will be the same forever. (ESV...yesterday-active in creation; today-providing salvation; forever-reigning in heaven). Stay true to the original gospel message. Don’t get led away from the gospel message by any unusual teachings. Let your inner, spiritual, person be built up by God’s unmerited favor and not meaningless religious rituals which don’t give you spiritual growth. Christians get spiritual benefits that non-Christians can’t participate in. In following the pattern of Old Testament worship, Jesus sacrifice on the cross was outside the city, where his shed blood served to sanctify the people who have faith in Him. Christians must spiritually separate themselves from the world and endure the scorn of non-Christians as Jesus did. Our future home is not on Earth, Christians look for a spiritual city that is to come in the future. Because of all that Jesus did Christians should offer up a sacrifice of praise to God from our mouths as we proclaim Jesus. Keep doing good things and share with others because these sacrifices please God. Obey your spiritual leaders and acknowledge their authority, because they watch over your spiritual condition and are responsible to God for their activities. Do your best to make their task enjoyable and free from troubles, for this will give you benefits also. Pray for those who spread the gospel message and lead churches, even as they diligently try to live upright lives and make upright decisions. The author asked the readers to pray for God’s help that the author could come back to be with the readers.
(glc1) Hebrews 13:20-21 The author prayed that God,-- who brings peace, and who, through Jesus’ worthy blood sacrifice, brought Jesus, our shepherd, back from the dead--, would build up the readers in every way so they could carry out God’s will. God works in Christians, through Jesus, in ways that please Him. Glory be to Jesus forever.
(glc6) Hebrews 13:22-25 The author asked the Christian men women to consider and respond to the teachings in the letter, that was brief in light of the importance of the issues. The fellow Christian in the group (glc...possibly Paul is the author of this letter), Timothy, was released from prison. The author expected Timothy to be with him when they saw the readers. The author extended greetings to the Christian leaders and all the Christians. Those in Italy (glc...Rome??) sent greetings. The author prayed for God’s unmerited favor to remain with them.
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James
(glc6) James 1:1-4 James (glc...Jesus’ half-brother, a leader of the early church) considered himself to be obligated to God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ (NET...bond servant was a position of honor and privilege...term was also used in OT for Moses, David, Elijah...servants (or slaves) of the Lord). The letter is directed to Jews (glc...who were now Christians) dispersed in the world. (glc...Read Acts 2:5-11 Peter preached to many in Jerusalem who were from distant lands. … 1 Peter 1:1 Peter wrote to dispersed Christians.) Christian men and women should have a positive outlook when they have persecutions and difficulties because these experiences that test their faith lead to a more durable faith. The more durable faith should build their character and maturity.
James 1:5-8 skip
(glc1) James 1:9 Faith in Christ gives even the poor a reason to be (glc... appropriately) proud of their high standing with God.
James 1:10-17 skip
(glc1) James 1:18 God’s authoritative and ruling plan was for people to be spiritually reborn through the gospel message of truth (glc...Jesus’ sacrifice on the cross ) so (glc...early) Christians would be among the first to be (spiritually) produced in God’s creation.
(glc1 glc6) James 1:19-27 Christian men and women should pay attention to James’ writings. Everyone should keep control of their emotions and responses because our human anger does not bring righteousness into the world. Remove evil thinking and actions from your lifestyle and humbly accept the gospel message you received. Your lifestyle should align with the gospel message. Do not just hear the words without letting them affect your life because that gives a person a false sense of belief. Those who hear the words but don’t let them be effective in changing their lives will forget the message. The person who hears the message, carefully considers it, remembers it, and lets it affect their life will be blessed in their life. Those who judge themselves to be doing what God wants but does not control what they say are fooling themselves and don’t succeed in being accepted by God. Those who are doing what God wants are caring for orphans and widows who are poor and neglected; and are not letting worldly attitudes and lifestyle become part of their lives.
James 2:1-13 skip
(glc1) James 2:14-25 Christian men and women should examine their faith in God. If your lifestyle is (glc...continually) different from what God expects your faith is ineffective. Help people who need help, don’t just speak kind words to them. Faith in God should lead you to do good things. (Ephesians 2:8-10) Doing good things, motivated by faith, show what faith means. It is not enough to believe there is a God, even demons believe that. Abraham was justified by his good work of obeying God and being willing to sacrifice Isaac. Actively obeying God strengthens your faith, and makes it real instead of some intellectual thought. Your firm belief in God’s word lets God view you as righteous. (glc...A person who has this firm belief believes all of God’s word and so also believes that Jesus is the Son of God who died to atone for our sins.) Also, Rahab (glc...a prostitute in Jericho helped the spies of Israel when Israel was starting to conquer the promised land) had faith in God and was justified by here good work of helping Israel’s spies. Faith that does not make any difference in the way a person lives is a dead faith.
James 3 ...difficulty in controlling your tongue; true wisdom skip
James 4 … passions and pride; don’t be the world’s friend; don’t judge; don’t boast; skip
James 5 … warning to the rich; patience in suffering; prayer for the sick; restore sinners; skip
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1 PETER
(glc1 glc6) 1 Peter 1:1,2 Peter was a messenger of the gospel message. (glc...Compare the regions mentioned to the regions listed in Acts 2:8-11.) Peter prayed that the readers would have an abundance of God’s unmerited favor and peace.
(glc1 glc6) 1 Peter 1:3-12 We should praise and honor God the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ. Because of God’s immeasurable mercy Christians have been reborn into an active hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead (glc...after his sacrifice for sins on the cross). Christians now live in an inheritance that will never perish, will never be polluted, will never fade away. This inheritance is awaiting Christians in heaven. Christians are protected because of their faith (glc...as long as they have faith) and will receive the final salvation that will be revealed at the end of earthly days. Christians can rejoice in this truth even though they may be persecuted and have difficulties on Earth. Enduring these difficulties gives evidence of your faith, a faith that is more valuable than earthly riches that pass away. Your continued faith will result in your praise, glory, and honor when Jesus Christ is revealed. We can’t see Jesus now but we love Him, believe in Him, and rejoice greatly because we are receiving the result of our faith, the salvation of our souls. The Old Testament prophets, who spoke of God’s coming unmerited favor, sought to understand this salvation. They sought to know more about when Christ would come, who Christ would be, what sufferings He would undergo, and the glory Christ would receive. The prophets were shown that they were serving those who would become Christians concerning the spiritual truths taught to those who would become Christians by those who preached the gospel message at the urging of the Holy Spirit who was sent from Heaven. Angels wanted to learn more about these things.
(glc1 glc6) 1 Peter 1:13-25 Be clear minded and alert, and put your full confidence on God’s unmerited favor that you will receive when Jesus Christ is revealed. Be obedient to God and don’t yield to evil temptations that you yielded to in the past. Instead, separate yourself from worldly conduct and pattern your thoughts and actions after God’s character. Leviticus 11:44,45 and 19:2 tell us that God expects us to be separate from worldly attitudes and actions because that is His standard. If you claim to be in God’s family have a lifestyle that shows this claim. Christ’s perfect sacrifice on the cross for sins payed the cost in a way better than money to free you from your lives without true purpose. Christ was chosen and destined for His role before the universe was created, and has now had his ministry in the world for your benefit. Through Christ’s sacrifice you have faith and trust in God, who raised Christ from the dead and restored His glory in heaven, so that your faith and confident hope are in God. You have cleansed your souls by obeying the truth so have genuine love for each other. Your new life comes from an eternal source, the ever living and never ceasing word of God. Isaiah 40:6,8 tells us that our human bodies are temporary but God’s word lasts forever. God’s word has been preached to the readers.
1 Peter 2:1-3 skip
(glc1 glc6) 1 Peter 2:4-10 Jesus was rejected by the Jewish leaders and people, ultimately, but Jesus is fully accepted and valued by God the Father. Christians form a living, spiritual house and are a priesthood separate from the world and old religious ways. Christians offer spiritual sacrifices that are pleasing to God and accepted by God because they are based on the sacrifice Jesus provided. Isaiah 28:16 tells us that God’s plan was to make a new spiritual building starting with an accepted and valued person (glc...Jesus). The verse also tells us that the people who believe in Him will not be put to shame (ESV...”vindication on the last day”). Those who believe (glc...in Jesus) understand his worth, but for those who don’t believe Psalm 118:22 tells us the accepted and valued person was rejected by those in charge of the old spiritual system (glc..Jewish religious system) Isaiah 8:14 who cease to walk with God. They leave God’s realm because the don’t obey God’s message (ESV...people are responsible because they disobey). But God has planned that Christians will be a select group who serve as an exalted priesthood, a people separated for God, people who are in God’s family, people who will proclaim the excellent qualities and plans of God who invited us to leave evil ways and live in God’s good ways. Christians used to have no standing or significance but now Christians belong to God. Christians only received mercy after they became Christians.
(glc6) 1 Peter 2:11-12 Peter encouraged Christians to consider themselves as not belonging to the world and to stay away from human desires that try to pollute your spiritual soul. Christians should have respectable behavior in the world so that even though the non-Christians accuse Christians of bad behavior they will witness your worthy deeds and actually repent and give glory to God at the last days.
(glc6) 1 Peter 2:13-17 Be a good representative for the Lord by submitting to human institutions – kings, governors, etc. – who are set up by God to punish those who have bad behavior and to reward those who have good behavior. Don’t use the freedom God gives you as an excuse to do evil, but rather become God’s slave. Respect all people, love Christians, have a reverent fear of God, respect the king.
(glc1 glc6) 1 Peter 2:18-25 Christians who have supervisors should be respectful even if they are not treated well. God looks favorably on those are mistreated but endure it because they seek to respect God’s desire for orderly society. There is no benefit to you if you are mistreated because you sin. But if you have good behavior and are mistreated God looks with favor on you. Christians should follow the example of Jesus, who suffered mistreatment for your benefit. Jesus did not sin and spoke with truth. When he was accused and berated He did not speak harshly and when He suffered He did not threaten retaliation. Rather, Jesus put himself under God’s care and God makes proper judgments. Jesus took on our sins in his earthly body on the cross and by his sacrifice we can change form a life of sinning to a life of pursuing righteousness. The meaning of Isaiah 53:4,5,11 was fulfilled as Jesus was wounded that we might be healed. Before we had faith in Jesus we were without direction in the world but now those who have faith in Jesus are with a guide (glc...Jesus) who guards their souls.
(glc6) 1 Peter 3:1-7 Peter encouraged wives, whose husbands did not believe in Jesus, to be respectful and obedient to their husbands and to lead them towards faith in Christ by their honorable and respectful lifestyle. Wives should not focus on external beauty but should focus on their inner beauty of a good attitude, a gentle and peace seeking spirit, for these qualities are valued by God. The godly women of the Old Testament made themselves attractive by cooperating with their husbands- for example, Sarah, who obeyed Abraham as the final authority in their household. Wives are spiritual descendants of Sarah when they do what is right and good without fear (ESV...trust God as Sarah did). Husbands, in a similar way, should have a special consideration as they are physically weaker and completely respect them as people who share in the inheritance God provides with the unmerited favor of eternal life. If a husband fails to do this God will not listen to his prayers.
(glc1 glc6) 1 Peter 3:8-22 Christians should have a lifestyle that helps others so they live peaceably with others, have understanding and concern for others, show forth godly love for others, help others, and don’t try to promote themselves over others. Don’t behave like those who mistreat you or speak against you, but instead give out good to others, for Christians were called by God to receive God’s blessing. Psalm 34:12-16 tells those who desire a good life to speak well to others, to decide to leave evil ways and choose to do good, to be active in seeking peace God sees the righteous and listens to their prayers, but God opposes those who do evil. People in the world will not usually hurt you if you seek to to good in the world. If you are mistreated for doing good God will bless (Matthew 5:10). Don’t be controlled by fear of those who mistreat you. Put Christ as most important in your inner thinking and be prepared to explain to people the eternal, confident, hope you have in Christ. Give your explanation in a polite and respectful manner, with integrity, so that those who speak against your Christian lifestyle will know they are in the wrong when they accuse you. Suffering while doing good, if God allows it, is better than suffering for doing evil. The sinless Christ suffered for the sins of others to provide restoration of people to God. His human body died but Christ was returned to life by the Holy Spirit. Christ proclaimed his victory to those who rejected God died before Noah and seven others were saved in the ark (ESV...this does not mean people get a chance to repent after they die Luke 16:26 Hebrews 9:27). Your baptism is not a cleansing of the skin of your body but rather is your personal confirmation of commitment to God that is made possible by Jesus Christ’s resurrection (glc...by your faith and acceptance of Jesus’ sacrifice for your sins). Jesus is now in heaven beside God the Father and has authority over angels and other spiritual powers.
(glc1) 1 Peter 4:1-6 Christ suffered while on Earth. Christians also should have an attitude of being willing to suffer and to being separate from sin. The Christian should live focused on how God wants them to live and not focused on human desires that lead to sin. Christians who change their lifestyle to live as God wants them to live are ridiculed by ungodly people who want them to join them in ungodly living. Sinners will be judged by Jesus Christ, who is prepared to judge all. The gospel message was preached in the past so people (glc...who put their faith in Jesus) who died and were judged based on human guidelines, would live spiritually following God’s requirements. (NET …... In context the phrase those who are dead refers to those now dead who had accepted the gospel while they were still living and had suffered persecution for their faith.”)
1 Peter 4:7-15 skip
(glc1) 1 Peter 4:16-19 If being a Christian brings suffering to you don’t be ashamed of the Christian label, but praise God that you can be called a Christian. Judgment is coming to the world and Christians will be first to be judged. And, if judgment starts with Christians, there will be a worse outcome fo those who don’t believe in the gospel message of God. Consider Proverbs 11:31 , Ezekiel 9:1-6 and Malachi 3:1-4. Those who suffer because they follow God’s ways should trust their souls (glc...more important than the human body) to the faithful Creator as they continue to follow God’s ways.
1 Peter 5:1-9 skip
(glc1) 1 Peter 5:10,11 Christians may suffer for a little while, but God, who has unmerited favor toward Christians and has invited them to eternal life with Him through Christ’s sacrifice on the cross, will restore, approve, strengthen, and secure them. God is sovereign and in charge forever.
1 Peter 5:12-14 skip
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2 PETER
(glc1 glc2 glc6) 2 Peter 1:1-11 Peter identified himself as one fully submitted and a messenger for Jesus Christ. Peter wrote to Christians who shared in the same faith as Peter, and those with Peter, because of the righteousness of Jesus Christ, our God and Savior. Peter prayed that God’s unmerited favor and peace would be given to them in abundance as they grew in understanding and knowledge of God and of Jesus our Lord. Peter could pray this way because God’s perfect power has given Christians all that is needed for life and godliness by the full revealing of Jesus who invited us by his own glory and worthiness. Through this revelation He has given us his extremely valuable and extremely worthy promises, so that because of what was promised Christians will share in the divine nature (glc...not become gods but have eternal life in heaven), after they are no longer under the control of sinful desires. Seek spiritual growth and make conscious decisions to increase your faith with excellence, knowledge, self-control, perseverance,godliness, friendship with Christians, and unselfish love. If you increase in these characteristics you will be effective and productive in growing closer to our Lord Jesus Christ. Those who don’t have these characteristics can’t see their future condition and have forgotten about the forgiveness of their past sins. Christian men and women should be diligent to make their calling and selection by God firm and unmoving (ESV...have increased confidence that God really did call them and really did elect them to salvation before the universe was created). When you do this you avoid taking a misstep into sin. Then, entry into the eternal kingdom of our Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ, will be fully given to you.
(glc1 glc6) 2 Peter 1:12-21 Peter wanted the Christians go be continually reminded of these spiritual truths, even though Peter knew that they knew and were confident in the truths. Peter’s goal while he was alive, which would be a short time – as revealed to Peter by the Lord Jesus Christ-, was to encourage spiritual growth in Christians. Peter was diligently striving to givet Christians a reminder testimony of these spiritual truths after Peter died. (glc...the letter Peter wrote ….glc..Greg Clements typing his thoughts on various Bible topics … look at the backup computer files if the gpclements.com web site is no longer in operation) Peter and the others who preached the gospel message did not invent stories when they told the readers about the power and future return of our Lord Jesus Christ to Earth. Peter and the disciples were eyewitnesses of Jesus’ glory. Jesus was given honor and glory by God the Father on the Mount of Transfiguration (Matthew 17, Mark 9, Luke 9) when God’s voice said, “This is my dear Son, in whom I am delighted.” Matthew 17:5 Mark 9:7 Luke 9:35 This message was heard by the disciples Peter, James, and John who were with Jesus on the mountain. The prophecies that Christians have been given to read and hear are confirmed and reliable. Christians should value the prophecies and let them reveal spiritual truth in a dark world, until the day Jesus returns to Earth. Christians should recognize that prophecy does not arise from the prophets thinking or motivation; instead, the Holy Spirit prompted men to speak from God. (glc...women prophets in Old Testament: Miriam, Deborah, Huldah, Noadiah...there were other significant spiritual women in the OT: Sarah, Hannah, abigail, Esther...women prophets in the New Testament: Anna, the four daughters of Philip, women in the Corinthian church, Mary’s song of praise, the Magnificat)
2 Peter 2:1-3 false prophets and teachers will arise
2 Peter 2:4-18 God can rescue the godly from persecution and punish the unrighteous
(glc1) 2 Peter 2:19-22 False teachers proclaim freedom to people while the false teachers are overcome by, and living in, immorality. Whatever overcomes a person becomes their master. If a person is set free from evil in the world by the rich knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, and then submit again to an evil lifestyle their spiritual condition is worse than before they knew Jesus. It would have been a better situation for them to have not known how to become righteous than to know and then decide to reject the gospel that was preached to them. Those who do so are showing their nature by returning to the evil lifestyle. Proverbs 26:11 (glc… interpreters debate whether such people were truly saved before returning to an evil lifestyle. See also Hebrews 6:4-6 and Hebrews 10:26-29...don’t be on the fence...keep your firm faith in Jesus sacrifice for sin and keep your commitment to God)
2 Peter 3:1-7 scoffers skip
(glc1) 2 Peter 3:8-13 God exists outside our time measurements ( 1,000years = 1 day, etc.) . God is not slow in fulfilling His promises. God doesn’t want any person to die in a state of unforgiveness from God. God wants all to repent (glc..to have faith in Jesus’ sacrifice for sins and be forgiven) The day of Jesus’ return will arrive when it is unexpected. On that day creation will be changed in a dramatic way and human actions will be revealed. You should be aware of this and choose a lifestyle that aligns with God’s standards as you await the day God intervenes in the world, and as you seek to advance God’s purposes. On that day the physical universe will be changed dramatically and removed (Isaiah 65:17; 66:22; Revelation 21:1-22:5. But, God has promised to bring about a new or renewed home that is characterized by righteousness.
(glc1) 2 Peter 3:14-18 Because you are looking ahead to these things you should make efforts to be at peace and have sin removed (glc...by asking Jesus for forgiveness) when you come into God’s presence. The delay of Jesus’ return to Earth gives opportunity for salvation to others, as Paul wrote (Romans 2:4; 2 Peter 2:19;Romans 8:1-5; 2 Corinthians 3:1-18; Galatians 5:1-6) to Christians by the wisdom God gave him. Some of Paul’s writings are hard to understand and those who are poorly informed and do not have a good spiritual foundation misinterpret to their own harm. They also misinterpret the rest of scripture. Peter is giving advance warning to the readers to be vigilant and aware so they are not led away from their firm hold on the truth by the false teachings of lawless people. Instead, the readers should increase in God’s unmerited favor and in their understanding of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. Let Jesus be honored now and continuing up through the day eternity begins. (glc...and earthly time is no more)
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1 JOHN
(glc6) 1 John 1:1-4 John was forcefully writing his personal testimony (in agreement with other witnesses) about the word of life (glc...Jesus) - eternal, spoken, seen, witnessed, physically present . The word of life was revealed to John and others. They solemnly proclaimed the eternal life, who was with God the Father was made manifest to them. They are giving this message to the readers so that they may join in agreement with them and join in their fellowship with God the Father and His Son Jesus Christ. Writing this message would make it possible for John and his companions to have fulfilled joy. (glc...as others come to believe in Jesus)
(glc1) 1 John 1:5-10 John is writing the gospel message that John, and others, heard from Jesus, namely, that God is light ( ESV….OT “light” symbolizes knowledge and purity) and has no evil. Those who claim to align with Jesus but continually have evil deeds are lying and not living in truth. But if we live aligned with God’s ways, as Jesus does, we have full fellowship with other Christians and the sacrifice by Jesus, God’s Son, for our sins is effective at forgiving our sins. If we claim we are not guilty of sin then we are lying to ourselves and don’t know the truth. But if we admit our sins God is true to his promise, He is righteous, He forgives our sins, and He removes unrighteousness from us (Numbers 14:18). If we claim we have not sinned, we are calling God a liar and giving evidence that the gospel message has not become a part of us.
(glc1) 1 John 2:1-6 John wrote the letter to help Christians to not sin. If a Christian does sin, they should be aware that Jesus Christ, who is the special righteous one, intercedes for us with God the Father since Jesus is the sacrifice that pays the required price for our sin, and this payment is available for the sin of anyone in the world (ESV...not meaning that everyone will be saved, but that those who repent and believe the gospel message will have sins forgiven). A Christian can be confident that they have a good relationship with God if they obey God’s commandments. The person who claims to have a good relationship with God but does not obey God’s commandments is lying. Those who obey God’s word has an effective love of God in them. A person can know they have a good relationship with God if they live as Jesus lived (ESV...with faith, love, piety, obedience, self-sacrifice).
1 John 2:7-11 obey with your lifestyle the original teaching about the gospel skip
(glc1) 1 John 2:12-14 John reminded the newer Christians that their sins were forgiven because of Jesus. John reminded the older Christians that they have known Jesus who is eternal. John reminded the newer Christians that they now have overcome Satan (glc...they are not controlled by Satan). John reminded newer Christians that they have a relationship with God the Father. John reminded the older Christians that have known Jesus who is eternal. John reminded the newer Christians that they have strength with the word of God in them, and have overcome Satan.
1 John 2:15-17 don’t love the world...worldly things are not from God the Father...worldly things pass away...but the Christian has eternal life skip \
(glc1) 1 John 3:1-10 God the Father demonstrated His love for us by making us His children (glc...for those who have faith in Jesus’ sacrifice for sin). Because Christians now have a relationship with God and serve God the world does not identify with, or accept, us, because the world did not identify with, or respond to, God. As Christians we are God’s children now, even though what we will be in heaven (ESV...glorified bodies without sickness, death, or sin) has not been fully revealed. We know that when our heavenly life comes we will have some characteristics like God (ESV...no sin or falsehood, no physical weakness, filled continually with the Holy Spirit) and we will see Him just as He is. Everyone who trusts in this future with God seeks to keep separate from sin looking to the example of Jesus who is sinless. Those who participate in, and choose, sin are participating in lawlessness against God’s laws because sin is lawlessness. Jesus came to Earth to take away sins and Jesus has no sin. Those who choose Jesus do not habitually sin, but those who habitually (ESV) practice sin have not drawn near to Him or understood Him (ESV...they are not genuine Christians glc...regardless of their claims). Peter warned the new Christians to not be deceived by people. The person who habitually practices righteousness (glc...follows God’s character and law) is righteous (glc...has a good relationship with God), and Jesus is righteous. The person who habitually chooses to sin is following Satan, because sin has been Satan’s practice since before the universe was created. The Son of God (glc...Jesus) came to Earth to reveal His purpose of destroying the plans and works of Satan (ESV...the practice of sinning) (glc...Jesus came to be seen and experienced but more importantly to be the acceptable sacrifice for sin). Those who are now in God’s family do not habitually practice sin because God’s seed (ESV...the word of God and the Holy Spirit) is in them and they have been born of God. Those in God’s family and those in Satan’s family can be distinguished because those in Satan’s family do not practice righteousness and don’t love other Christians.
(glc1) 1 John 3:11-24 The gospel message taught to us from the time we heard it instructs us to love each other. Don’t be like Cain, who was in Satan’s control and murdered Abel. Cain took this action because Cain’s works were evil while Abel’s actions were righteous. Therefore, Christians should not be surprised when the world (glc...people separated from God) hates them. We confirm in ourselves that we have changed our spiritual position from death to life when we love fellow Christians. Those who do not love live in death. Those who hate their fellow Christians are like murderers (Matthew 5:22,28) and those who murder do not have eternal life in them. Jesus showed us love when He gave up His life for us, so we should give up our lives for our fellow Christians (glc...give of ourselves, don’t demand our own way). Whoever has material possessions but is not caring about Christians who have a need, need to consider if they have the love of God in them. Peter exhorted Christians to mature and to show love with deeds and truth, not just with words. Showing love will convince us that we are aligned with God’s truth and will give us confidence in God’s presence. If our conscience judges us, know that God is wiser than our conscience and knows our thoughts and motives. If our conscience does not judge us we can approach God in confidence and what we ask from Him, we will receive, because we follow his commandments and have a lifestyle that pleases Him. God’s commandment is that we believe (ESV...have personal trust) in Jesus Christ and love one another (John 13:34,35). Those who obey Jesus’ commandments abide with God, and God is in them. We know God is in us because the Holy Spirit has been given to us.
1 John 4:1-6 skip
1 John 4:7-8 skip
(glc1) 1 John 4:9-19 God’s love is shown forth by the impact on our lives because God sent His only son to Earth to enable us to have life through Jesus’ actions (glc...Jesus’ sacrifice for our sins on the cross). God’s love did not wait for us to show love to God. God loved us and sent His Son to pay the required price with Jesus’ sacrifice for our sins. Peter reasoned with the readers to hold the view that if God loved us so greatly, we should love one another. No person on Earth has seen God. If we love one another, God lives in us, and His love is effective in us. Christians have been given the Holy Spirit by God and that confirms to us that we live in God (John 8:31; 15:4). John and the apostles saw and can testify that God the Father sent the Son to be the Savior of the world. (ESV...through faith, all subsequent believers testify to the same truths) Those who have faith that Jesus is the Son of God have God living in them and they live in God. Christians have come to recognize, understand and believe the love God has for us. God’s nature is love and the person who lives in love lives in God and God lives in him. This connection with God brings love to its full effect with us, so we can be fully confident at the time of judgment by God, because we are aligned with Jesus. (NBC… the world did not welcome Christ and the world does not welcome Christ’s people)
1 John 4:18-21 skip
(glc1) 1 John 5:1-12 Each person who believes that Jesus is the Christ has become part of God’s family, and all who love God the Father loves the people in God’s family. By loving God and obeying His commandments we confirm that we love others in God’s family. God’s desire is that we obey His commandments. God’s commandments are not burdensome, because everyone in God’s family has victory over the world. Your faith (glc...in Jesus) gives you the power of victory that defeats the world. The person who believes that Jesus is the Son of God has victory over the world. Jesus Christ came to Earth, was baptized, and shed His blood on the cross. The Holy Spirit testifies about Jesus and delivers the truth. The Holy Spirit, the water, and the blood agree in their testimony about Jesus. We can accept the testimony of people but God’s testimony about His Son is more important. (The person who believes in the Son of God has internalized the testimony. The person who does not believe God is treating God as a liar, because that person has not believed God’s testimony about His Son.) God’s testimony is that God has given Christians eternal life through His Son. The person who accepts the Son has eternal life. The person who does not accept the Son does not have eternal life.
1 John 5:13-21 John wrote this letter to those who believe in the Son of God to build up their confidence that they have eternal life. We can be confident that when we make requests in prayer according to His will, He hears those requests. And our confidence that He hears our requests gives us confidence that those requests will be answered. If a Christian sees a fellow Christian commit a sin that does not result in death (ESV...resolute rejection of the true doctrine about Christ) (Luke 12:10) they should ask God to restore that person. John does not say we should intercede for cases that lead to spiritual death. Any unrighteousness is sin, but some sins don’t lead inevitably to spiritual death. Those in God’s family do not habitually sin. God protects Christians and Satan cannot control them. Christians have been spiritually born by God. The world is under the influence of Satan. The Son of God has come to Earth and has given Christians insight to know Jesus. We belong to God, who is true, in His Son Jesus Christ. Jesus is the true God and is eternal life. Christians should be on guard to separate themselves from false gods.
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2 John
2 John 1:1-6 skip
(glc1) 2 John 1:7-11 Many false teachers are in the world who teach that Jesus Christ did not come to the Earth as a human person. Those teachers are opposed to Christ. Keep alert, so you don’t lose your spiritual growth, but receive God’s full approval. Those who put forth their own teachings instead of the teachings of Christ are not in fellowship with God. The person who stays faithful to this teaching has fellowship with God the Father and the Son. Do not give hospitality or support to false teachers because then you would be sharing in their evil deeds.
2 John 1:12,13 skip
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3 John
(glc6) 3 John 1:1-4 John rejoiced that he had received a good report that people had a good spiritual standing and were living in the truth.
(glc6) 3 John 1:5-8 Christians demonstrate faithfulness to God when they extend hospitality and support for those who are traveling and teaching the gospel message. These travelers don’t get support from ungodly people. The traveling Christians have testified to the church of the good support they received. Supporting these traveling evangelists lets you become coworkers in the gospel.
3 John 1:9-15 skip
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Jude
Jude 1:1-2 skip
(glc6) Jude 1:3-4 Jude encouraged the readers to give their full efforts to promote the faith and the gospel message that was given to Christians. Jude warned the readers that some among them who are supposedly Christians are actually ungodly men who misuse the teachings about forgiveness from God to be a license for sin and who reject our Master and Lord, Jesus Christ.
Jude 1:5-16 unbelievers and false teachers of the past skip
Jude 1:17-19 unbelievers and those who reject Jesus after Jesus’ ministry skip
(glc6) Jude 1:20-23 Christians should seek to strengthen their faith, pray in the Holy Spirit, keep themselves in God’s love, and look forward to the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ that delivers eternal life in heaven. Help those who are not firm in their faith in Jesus. Do your best to give spiritual guidance to those who are close to going into God’s judgment. Help others but keep a reverent fear of God and keep separate from their sinful ways.
(glc1) Jude 1:24-25 Jude closes the letter with praise to God who can keep you from being destroyed, and who enables you to stand tall with rejoicing and with your sins forgiven before God’s magnificent presence. Praise God our Savior through the sacrifice of Jesus Christ or Lord, who has glory, majesty, power, and authority before the universe was created, now, and for eternity in the future.
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REVELATION
Revelation 1:1-3 skip
(glc1 glc3) Revelation 1:4-8 John wrote this letter to seven churches in present-day western Turkey (glc...Asia Minor). John prayed that they would have peace and God’s unmerited favor from God (ESV...all three persons of the Trinity) who always existed, still exists, and will exist in the future, and from the Holy Spirit (ESV...represented as seven here), and from Jesus Christ – who fulfilled His ministry on Earth to witness to God and was first to be resurrected (glc...under the new covenant) and now has authority over all earthly kings. Jesus loves us and with the sacrifice of his own blood paid the price for our sins. Christians are now appointed to be a kingdom of priests (glc...giving worship to God) serving His God and Father. To Jesus be glory and power forever. Jesus will return and all will see Him, even those who rejected Him, and people on Earth will lament (NBC...coming judgment) (see Matthew 24:30) (NBC...God is the Lord of all history) He exists now, He existed before creation, and He will exist in the future. He is all-powerful.
(glc6) Revelation 1:9-11 John shared with other Christians in the persecution, kingdom of God, and perseverance through Jesus. John was on the island of Patmos because of his efforts to spread the gospel message about Jesus. John was surrounded by the presence of the Holy Spirit, had a heavenly vision, and heard a loud voice. John was told to write what he saw in the vision into a book (glc...letter) and distribute it to seven churches in Asia Minor.
(glc1 glc3) Revelation 1:12-20 John saw a person like the son of man (Daniel 7:13) (glc...Jesus) dressed in splendor, standing in a heavenly setting. He was not a mere man (Daniel 10:5,6; 7:99; 2:33-35). He had a radiance like the sun’s full brightness. John humbled himself before Jesus. Jesus touched John and told John to not be afraid and that He is the first and the last (NBC...spoken of Yahweh in Isaiah 44:6; 48:12), He is the one who lives! He was dead (glc...crucified) but is now alive forever. He has authority over death and Hell. John was told to write what he has seen and will see.
(glc6) Revelation 2:1-7 To the church at Ephesus … Jesus commends the church for their godly efforts, for persevering, for not allowing evil to be among them, and for discernment in discovering false apostles. Jesus admonished them for leaving their love (NBC...love of God and love of people). Jesus exhorted them to remember their previous good spiritual condition and to repent. Jesus commended them for rejecting the Nicolaitans (NBC...eating food sacrificed to idols and sexual immorality) (glc...and joining in idol worship??) . Those who have victory (ESV...hold to their testimony) will eat from the tree of life in heaven.
(glc6) Revelation 2:8-11 To the church at Smyrna….Jesus encouraged the Christians to not pull back because of future persecutions. They must remain faithful even to their earthly death to receive the crown of life in heaven, and avoid a second (glc...spiritual) death.
(glc1) Revelation 2:12-17 To the church in Pergamum...Jesus commended their faithfulness to Him even when a Christian, Antipas, was killed. Jesus admonished them for eating food sacrificed to idols (glc...and joining in idol worship??), and for following the teachings of Nicolaitans (NBC...eating food sacrificed to idols and sexual immorality). Those people must repent or they will be judged. Those who have victory will receive mana in heaven and a white stone with a new name written on it.
(glc1) Revelation 2:18-29 To the church in Thyatira...Jesus commended them for having increasing godly deeds of love, faith, service, and perseverance. Jesus reproved them for tolerating a false prophet, Jezebel, and letting her guide people into sexual immorality and eating food sacrificed to idols (glc...and joining in idol worship??). Those who join in these activities will be punished. Keep hold of your faith. The one who has victory up to the end will have authority over nations.
(glc1 glc3 glc6) Revelation 3:1-6 To the church in Sardis….Jesus warned them that they were close to spiritual death even though they had a good reputation. They needed to think with clear minds and rebuild their faith by remembering what they had been taught, obey that teaching, and repent. Jesus will come against them at an unexpected time if they don’t change their thinking. Jesus acknowledged that some at Sardis were faithful and they would walk with Jesus in white clothes. The one who has victory will also have white clothing, will have their name kept in the book of life, and Jesus will declare their name before God the Father and the angels.
(glc1 glc6) Revelation 3:7- 13 To the church in Philadelphia...Jesus describes himself as being the Holy and True One1 (NBC...these attributes are also in Rev. 6:10 referred to God...Revelation has many indications that Jesus shares attributes of God) , who holds the authority of David and opens and closes doors (NBC...Jesus has the power to admit or block people from the New Jerusalem, messianic kingdom). Jesus commends them for obeying His word and keeping faith in Jesus. They have endured faithfully and will be protected from the testing of God’s wrath. Jesus encourages them to hold on to their spiritual condition to keep their crown (glc...future heavenly acknowledgment). Those who have victory will be pillars in the heavenly temple of God and will never leave it. They will have God’s name, the name of the new Jerusalem, and Jesus’ new name written on them.
(glc1 glc3)Revelation 3:14-22 To the church in Laodicea...Jesus describes Himself as the faithful and true witness and the one who began God’s creative process (ESV...the source of creation). Jesus rebuked them for being “middle of the road,” and for claiming earthly wealth while being spiritually poor. Jesus told them to get true wealth and white clothing from Him, and to get Jesus help to truly understand their condition. Jesus disciplines those He loves and expects them to repent. Jesus is getting Christian’s attention as master of the house and wants fellowship. The one who has victory will be allowed to sit with Jesus at His throne just as Jesus is at God the Father’s throne. (Revelation 20:4-6).
Revelation 4:1-7 vision of the throne room in heaven skip
(glc3) Revelation 4:8-11 The four living creatures around the throne continually worship God saying “Holy Holy Holy is the Lord God, the All-Powerful (Isaiah 6:3),
Who was and who is, and who is still to come!” (glc...God existed before the universe was created, God exists now, God will exist forever in the future) The worship continues with 24 elders joining in the worship by giving up their crowns (glc...symbols of their worth, showing they honor God as much more worthy) and proclaiming God is worthy. God created the universe through His will.
(glc1 glc2 glc3) Revelation 5:1-10 God the Father had a scroll that was sealed. No angel or other creature in heaven, or Earth, was worthy to open the scroll. One of the elders told John that the Lion of the tribe of Judah (glc...Jesus) is victorious and can open the scroll. John saw a Lamb that appeared to have been killed (glc...Jesus sacrificed Himself for our sins). He took the scroll from God the Father. The elders worshiped before the Lamb (glc...Jesus is God and is to be worshiped) and sang a song: You are worthy to open the scroll because You were killed and Your blood has purchased people for God. You appointed them to be a kingdom and priests to serve God and they will have authority on Earth.
(glc3) Revelation 5:10-14 A great multitude of angels with the four living creatures and 24 elders worshiped with a loud voice saying: Worthy is the Lamb who was killed to receive power, wealth, wisdom, might, honor, glory, and praise. Then all creatures in heaven, earth, under the earth, in the sea sang: Praise, honor, glory, ruling power be forever on the one seated on the throne and to the Lamb. The four living creatures said “Amen” and the elders fell on the ground and worshiped.
(glc3) Revelation 6:1-8 The Lamb starts opening the seals on the scroll. Judgment comes to the people on Earth.
(glc3 glc6) Revelation 6:9-11 The Lamb opens the fifth seal and the souls of those who had been killed, because they proclaimed the gospel message, cried out asking how long until judgment came to the people on Earth who killed them. (Psalm 13:1; 89:46) They are given white robes and told to wait until the completion of martyrdom on Earth.
(glc3) Revelation 6:12-17 The Lamb opens the sixth seal and a large earthquake occurs, the sun is darkened, the moon turns red, and there is a large meteor display. The sky is split open and rolled up, and mountains and islands shift. All people on Earth take cover and ask the earth to hide them from God and from the wrath of the Lamb because they know the day of judgment has arrived and they have no defense.
Revelation 7:1-8 Angel announces to withhold damage until 144,000 (12,000 from each tribe of Israel) have God’s seal put on their foreheads. Skip
(glc1 glc3) Revelation 7:9-12 John saw a multitude of people from different nations, tribes, and languages were standing before the throne and before the Lamb dressed in white robes and holding palm branches. They shouted “Salvation belongs to our God, who is seated on the throne, and to the Lamb!” All the angels stood around the elders, four living creatures. They prostrated themselves on the ground before the throne and worshiped God saying praise, glory, wisdom, thanksgiving, honor, power and strength be to our God forever.
(glc1 glc3) Revelation 7:13-17 One of the elders told John that those in white robes were people who came out of the tribulation who had the power of Jesus’ blood applied to them. They stay in front of the throne and serve God in heaven continuously, and the one seated on the throne shelters them. They will be never be hungry or thirsty again and will be protected form the sun’s heat (Isaiah 49:10) because the Lamb will shepherd them, take them to springs of living water, and God will take away their sorrow.
Revelation 8:1-13 The Lamb opened the seventh seal. Destruction came to the Earth after each trumpet was blown. Skip
Revelation 9:1-21 The fifth angel blew his trumpet. People on Earth were tormented. The sixth angel blew his trumpet. A third of humanity was killed. People did not stop evil actions. Skip
Revelation 10:1-11 Another angel came to Earth. John was not permitted to write down what the angel said at first. John was given a little scroll to eat. John was told to prophesy about peoples, nations, languages, and kings. Skip
Revelation 11:1-14 John was told to measure the temple of God. Two witnesses will prophesy for 1,260 days (glc...about 3.5 years). The witnesses are killed People on Earth will celebrate. Then a breath of life will enter the witnesses. Some people will be terrified and give glory to God. Skip
(glc1 glc2 glc3) Revelation 11:15-19 The seventh angel blew his trumpet. Loud voices in heaven proclaimed that the kingdom of Earth has become the kingdom of our Lord and of His Christ, and He will reign forever. The 24 elders threw themselves on the ground and worshiped God saying: We give you thanks, Lord God, all-powerful, who exists now and existed in the past, because You have begun to reign in power. The nations raged but Your wrath has come, the dead will be judged, Your servants, the prophets, will receive their reward, as well as the saints, and to those who revere Your name, and the time has come to destroy those who destroy the Earth. Then the temple of God in heaven was opened and the ark of the covenant could be seen. There was lightning, roaring, thunder, an earthquake, and hail.
(glc2) Revelation 12:1-6 A glorious woman gives birth to a son. A redd dragon wants to devour the child. The son is born, who will firmly rule all the nations. The child is taken up to God and His throne. The woman flees to a place of safety God prepared so she would be safe for about 3.5 years.
(glc1) Revelation 12:7-12 There was a spiritual war in heaven. Satan and his angels were defeated and thrown down to the earth. It was proclaimed in heaven that salvation, power, and the kingdom of God has come and Christ has ruling authority because the accuser of Christians has been defeated. Christians have victory by the blood of the Lamb 9glc...Jesus’ sacrifice on the cross for sins) and by their testimony (glc...of faith in Jesus) so they valued faith in Jesus higher than earthly life. Those in heaven can rejoice but Satan on Earth brings troubles.
(glc1) Revelation 12:13-18 Satan pursued the woman and her male child, but God led her to a place of protection. Satan waged war on those who keep God’s commandments and keep their faith in Jesus.
(glc1) Revelation 13:1-10 A beast comes up out of the sea and people worship it. Satan gives the beast power and authority on Earth. People worshiped Satan. The beast had authority for 3.5 years, blasphemed God, and had victory over those who believed in Jesus. Those whose names are not written in the book of life, who belong to the Lamb who was killed, worship the beast. Some will be captured and some will be killed. The believers in Jesus must endure and keep their faith.
Revelation 13:11-18 Another beast came up from the sea. He forced people to worship the first beast and performed great signs to deceive people. He caused people to be marked so they could buy and sell goods. Skip
Revelation 14:1-5 John saw Jesus on Mount Zion with 144,000 who had Jesus and God the Father’s name on their foreheads. There was much sound of harps and singing coming out of heaven. The 144,000 learned the song. (NBC and ESV,,,verse 4 is symbolic language symbolizing spiritual purity of both men and women) They were redeemed people who were first to die in faith, forgiven. Skip
(glc1 glc6) Revelation 14:6-13 an angel proclaims the gospel message to people on Earth. The message is to fear God and give him Glory….worship the one who made the stars, Earth, sea, and springs of water (Mark 13:10). A second angel proclaimed the Babylon (NBC...symbolic name for Rome) has fallen. A third angel proclaimed that those who worship the beast and takes his mark on their forehead will experience God’s anger and will be tortured with fire and sulfur forever. Those who obey God’s commandments and keep their faith in Jesus must endure.
Revelation 14:14-20 John saw a human-like form (NBC) (ESV..Jesus...Lord of the Harvest) on a cloud. An angel announced that reaping should start for the harvest on Earth is ready. Another angel appears with a sickle. Another angel told the angel with the sickle to harvest people. (ESV...first harvest are believers, martyrs, who are gathered safely...second harvest represents the defeat of those who trampled God’s holy city (Isaiah 63:1-6) ) skip
Revelation 15:1-8 John sees those who had victory over Satan singing to God. No one could enter the temple until the seven plagues were completed. Skip
Revelation 16:1-21 First wrath: painful sores on people who had the mark of the beast and worshiped his image. Second wrath: the sea turned to blood and all life in the sea died. Third wrath: rivers and springs of water turn to blood...is just because people poured out the blood of God’s believers and prophets, and the Lord God’s judgments are true and just. Fourth wrath: the Sun’s heat increased and people were scorched...but they continued to blaspheme the name of God and would not repent and give glory to God. Fifth wrath: darkness over the beast’s kingdom and people in pain. They blaspheme God and refuse to repent. Sixth angel: The river Euphrates dries up. Demons lead kings of Earth to the final battle. Blessed is the one who keeps faith in God. Kings and armies gather at Armageddon. Seventh angel: A loud voice from God’s throne says “It is done!” There is lightning, roaring, thunder, and a great earthquake. Cities of nations collapse. Islands and mountains could not be found. Large hail fell on people but they blaspheme God. Skip
Revelation 17:1-18 Then John was shown the judgment and punishment of the sixth and seventh wraths in more detail (NBC). (ESV...the allure of prosperity and sensual pleasures, and the lack of restraint are presented) Destruction is coming. The beast makes war with the Lamb, but the Lamb is victorious because He is Lord of Lords and King of Kings, and those with the Lamb are the chosen and faithful. The angel explains more of the vision to John. God’s purposes are carried out. Skip
Revelation 18:1-24 John saw and heard another angel come from heaven to Earth. The angel shouted that the great city has fallen and is a place of unclean spirits and beasts. The nations have sinned with this city and have sought riches from the power of the city’s sensual behavior. Another angel called to people to leave the city and not participate in the sin in the city. God judges the city with disease, famine, and fire. Those who sinned with the city will weep and wail as trade with the city stops. Heaven, saints, apostles, and prophets are glad to see God’s judgment on the city. The city is destroyed because the city misled people and killed saints and prophets and people of the Earth. Skip
John 19:1-5 John heard many voices from heaven say: praise the Lord, salvation, power, and glory belong to God because he has true and just judgments. Again, the crowd shouted: praise the Lord. The 24 elders and four living creatures fell on the ground and worshiped God. A voice from the throne said: praise our God you his servants, who fear him. Skip
(glc1 glc3) John 19:6-10 John heard many voices shout: praise the Lord, the Lord our God, all-powerful, reigns. Let all rejoice and give Him glory for the time of the Lamb’s wedding feast has arrived and God’s people are ready, forgiven, and dressed in white (the righteous deeds of the believers). The angel told John to write: blessed are those who are invited to the wedding banquet of the Lamb (Isaiah 25:6-9; Luke 14:15-24; Matthew 22:1-14; 25:10; 26:29 ). John sought to worship the angel but the angel rebuked John and let John know that he was a fellow servant with those who have faith in the gospel message about Jesus. The angel told John to worship God (NBC...the teaching of Christ made known in past and present is the spirit or essence of prophecy) (ESV...worship Jesus … confirmation of Jesus’ deity).
(glc3) John 19:11-16 John saw the one called “Faithful,” “True,” having justice, wearing crowns, with a name written that only He knows, dressed in clothes dripping with blood, called the Word of God. (NBC, ESV, glc...this is Jesus) The armies of heaven, dressed in white linen, follow Him. He has a sword to strike the nations. He will rule with a rod of iron. He delivers God’s wrath. He has a name written on his thigh; “King of kings and Lord of lords.”
(glc3) John 19:17-21 An angel invites birds to eat the flesh of the soon to be defeated kings and their armies. The beast, earthly kings, and their armies battle Jesus and His army. The beast and his false prophet are thrown into the lake of fire. Their followers are killed by Jesus’ sword (glc...the word of God).
(glc1) John 20:1-8 John saw an angel seize Satan, tie him, throw him into the abyss, and lock it for 1,000 years. John saw thrones with those seated on them who were given authority to judge. John saw the souls of those killed for proclaiming the gospel message about Jesus and because of God’s word. These had not worshiped the beast and refused to receive the mark of the beast. They were given life and reigned with Christ of 1,000 years. The other dead came to life after 1,000 years. (glc...commentators agree that all people are resurrected...some to live in heaven, others, non-believers in Jesus, to live in hell...but the term “first resurrection” has various interpretations) Those resurrected to be with Christ are blessed and holy (glc..holy: separated from sin by their faith in Jesus’ sacrifice for sins) They will not undergo a second death (glc...separated from God in hell...see Revelation 20:14) but will be priests of God and of Christ and will reign with Him for 1,000 years.
John 20:9-10 After 1,000 years Satan is released and deceives the nations to battle those who have faith in Jesus. Fire from heaven devours them. Satan is thrown into the lake of fire where the beast and false prophet are, to suffer forever. Skip
(glc1) John 20:11-14 John saw a large white throne with God on it. The dead stand before the throne. Books, including the Book of Life, are opened and the dead were judged by what was written in the books, according to their deeds. (Daniel 7:10) (Romans 2:6-11) (NBC..perhaps the other books serve as confirmation of what is written in the Book of Life) (glc...the primary deed is accepting and having faith in Jesus’ sacrifice for your sins) (NBC...the second death is the opposite of eternal life..in heaven) Those whose names are not in the Book of Life are thrown into the lake of fire (glc...hell).
(glc1) Revelation 21:1-8 John saw a new heaven, a new Earth, and a new Jerusalem. A voice from the throne said: God is living among human beings and they are his people. God will remove sadness and death will not exist. It is accomplished. (ESV...the destruction of God’s enemies and the salvation of believers is accomplished) Those who seek God receive God’s free gift of eternal life. Those who have victory through Jesus inherits a place in God’s family. Those who don’t believe engage in evil practices and will be in the burning hell.
Revelation 21:9-14 An angel showed John the new Jerusalem. The new Jerusalem shows forth the glory of God. It has 12 gates with 12 angels at the gates and the names of the 12 tribes of Israel on the gates. The wall of the cities has 12 foundations with the names of the apostles of Jesus. Skip
Revelation 21:15-21 The city was square with 12 thousand stadia for a side (ESV...about 1,400 miles) and 144 cubits (NBC...72 yards) for the thickness of the wall. The city is made of precious materials. The main street of the city is pure gold. (glc...it is much more glorious than any earthly city) skip
(glc3) Revelation 21:22-27 In the city the Lord God and Jesus are its temple and the glory of God lights up the city, and Jesus is its lamp. Nothing with sin will enter the city. The only people in the city are those whose names are in Jesus’ Book of Life.
Revelation 22:1-7 The angel showed John the river of life that flows out of the throne of God and Jesus. On each side of the river is the tree of life with twelve kinds of fruit for every month of the year. The leaves of the tree of life heal the nations. People will worship God and see His face, and His name will be on their foreheads. There will be no need for the sun or extra lamps because God will shine on the people and they will reign forever. The angel confirmed to John that the words he has heard are true. God, who directs the prophets,sent his angel to show His servants what will take place. The person who believes the words of Revelation will be blessed. Skip
(glc1) Revelation 22:8-15 John heard and saw the vision. John attempted to worship the angel but the angel prevented him and told John that he was a fellow servant of God with Christians, prophets, and those who obey the words John has written. The angel said: “Worship God!” This prophecy is not for the distant future (ESV) in contrast to the book of Daniel. Those who sin will continue to sin. Those who are righteous and holy must continue in these lifestyles. Jesus will come soon enough and will reward people in line with their actions (glc...and beliefs). (NBC...God is the Lord of all history) Those who are washed clean by their faith in Jesus’ sacrifice for sins will have eternal life in the new holy city of God. Those who continue in their evil ways will remain outside the new holy city of God.
(glc1 glc3) Revelation 22:16-17 Jesus sent the angel to John to provide a message for the churches (glc...Christians) (ESV...for their comfort and warning). Jesus is the source and fulfillment of Israel, and is the bright morning star (Isaiah 11:1,10; Mark 12:35-37; Numbers 24:17; 2 Peter 1:19). (glc...bringing in a new age and light in an individual’s soul like Venus, as a morning object, ushers in a new day) The Holy Spirit and the church ask Jesus to come back to Earth. People are invited to receive the free gift of eternal life (glc...provided by having faith in Jesus’ sacrifice for sins).
Revelation 22:18-21 John writes a warning to not add to the warnings and prophecies in Revelation, nor remove the warnings and prophecies. Those who do so will be disciplined to the point of removing them from having eternal life with God. Jesus confirms that He will return and John agrees and invites Jesus to return. John prays for God’s unmerited favor to be with all Christians. (NBC...”the lessons in this letter are to be personally appropriated…..only by the grace of the Lord Jesus can that victory be gained”) skip
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The End
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FUTURE TASKS ( NOT COVERED IN THIS DOCUMENT):
1. Write a summary ---- of the use of “gospel” and “good news” in the book of Acts; ---of the use of “gospel” and “good news” in Paul’s writings; ---of the use of “gospel” and “good news” in the remainder of the New Testament.
2. Write my overall conclusions about the gospel message in the New Testament.
3. Write my comments on Old Testament passages that point toward Jesus death as the sacrifice for our sins. Much of this is done by listing the Old Testament references to verses that are quoted in the New Testament.
4. Write my comments on these sayings: “I am telling you the gospel truth.” or “This is gospel.”
5. Write my comments on “Gospel Music.”
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Note: Gideons International has recently (2025) adopted the tag line “The Gospel is Our Message.” View the Gideons International web site GIDEONS.ORG .
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